Series: MAY 2019

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Culture and Strategy

Advise management trainees on the role of culture in organizations and analyze stakeholder theory with underpinning considerations.

a) In an attempt to establish the link between culture and ethics as well as between culture and social responsibility, advise a set of management trainees on:
i. The role of culture in an organization or company. (2 Marks)
ii. Outline any FOUR of the SIX inter-related elements of culture suggested by Johnson and Scholes in their idea of the cultural context of ethics. (8 Marks)

b) Since business entities operate within society, the professional accountant is required to know the theories on the responsibilities of a business entity towards the society in which it operates.
Analyse the stakeholder theory of corporate governance and advise on any TWO considerations underpinning this theory. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Advise on the importance of transparency and disclosure in corporate governance and explain the principles for a new board member.

The need for transparency and disclosure in financial markets is recognised in codes and statements of principles of corporate governance.

a) Advise the Board of a company on the importance of ‘Transparency and Disclosure’ in corporate governance. (5 Marks)

b) Present the principles of disclosure and communication of information in Corporate Governance in a lucid manner that will be comprehensible to a new Board member. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain diversification strategy and advise Shacks Limited on factors favoring concentric diversification.

Shacks Limited is a company involved in the production of radio cassettes and photographic films. In the past two decades, the company had the greatest share of the market for these products. However, technological advancements resulting in the development of DVDs and digital photographs have greatly eroded the competitiveness of the company. To reposition Shacks Limited and make it more competitive, the management is considering concentric diversification as the strategy to pursue.

(a) Explain the term ‘diversification strategy’. (5 Marks)

(b) From the given scenario, advise the management of Shacks Limited on the key factors that indicate preference for concentric diversification strategy. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Advise on the nature of a corporate code of ethics, reasons for developing it, and provisions for employees and customers.

Drewal and Taiwo jointly established a plastic company after a long period of economic recession. The Board of Directors is in the process of drawing out the corporate code of ethics for the company. Advise it on:
a) The nature of a corporate code of ethics. (2 Marks)
b) THREE basic reasons for developing a company’s code of ethics. (6 Marks)
c) Any FIVE general provisions that a corporate code of ethics should specify. (5 Marks)
d) FOUR provisions or statements the corporate code of ethics should have in respect of employees and any THREE in respect of customers. (7 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3b – Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Draft CSR implementation steps and highlight the importance of sustainable development to society.

i) Draft a recommendation on the steps to be taken by a company in the implementation of a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy. (12 Marks)
ii) Present ‘Sustainable Development’ in a way that highlights its importance to society. (3 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Distinguish five types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

Distinguish FIVE (5) types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discuss the elements of a risk management system, Board committee functions in risk management, and six categories of business risks from the Turnbull Report.

The Code of Corporate Governance in Nigeria states that “the Board of Directors may establish a Risk Management Committee to review the adequacy and effectiveness of risk management and controls at least annually and the Board has responsibility to report on the effectiveness of the controls to shareholders.”

a) In line with the requirements above, discuss the elements of a risk management system. (8 Marks)

b)
(i) Advise an executive director on the functions of the Board Committee in relation to enterprise risk management. (6 Marks)
(ii) Extract from the Turnbull Report, the six (6) categories of risk common to business. (6 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q1 – Environmental Analysis

Prepare a business environment and competitive analysis for UBC Plc's intended investment in GSM phone manufacturing using SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, and Kant’s categorical imperative.

a. You have just been contracted by UBC Plc to prepare a business plan on the company’s intended investment in the manufacture of GSM phones in the country. The following is a summary of the brief given to you and your own research:

  • UBC Plc is a multinational conglomerate involved in the manufacture and distribution of computer hardware accessories, networking hardware and allied products. With experience spanning four decades in the industry, the company’s products enjoy a lion’s share of the market. As part of its diversification strategy aimed at sustaining its competitive advantage, the company intends to start the production of GSM phones, targeting the mass market in the country.
  • The company plans to control at least 40% of the low-end GSM phone market in the country in the next five years.
  • UBC Plc possesses the requisite human resources and physical facilities necessary for the successful takeoff and growth of the new venture. The company also intends to leverage its extensive distribution network for its IT products covering major cities within the West African sub-region to distribute its new GSM phones.
  • The company also has modern equipment which can easily be converted into the production of GSM phones at little cost without significantly affecting the current production levels of other products. When this is done, the equipment will be able to produce more than 5 million GSM phones per annum.
  • While the company intends to expand its production capacity radically within the first few years of manufacturing GSM phones, it is still struggling to cope with the country’s incessant electric power failure which has made the company rely almost exclusively on the use of generators to power its equipment. This constitutes the bulk of its overhead costs.
  • The firm has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with a group of reputable firms abroad, which guarantees a steady supply of all required components and inputs.
  • The current value of the annual GSM phone demand in the country is estimated at N520 billion. Estimated demand growth rate is put at 5%. There is currently no local producer, as all of the GSM phones in the market are imported. However, there is currently a large number of local firms that act as distributors to foreign producers.
  • Except for regulations aimed at ensuring that only high-quality products are manufactured, there are currently no legal restrictions on local production of GSM phones. Furthermore, to encourage manufacturing, the government offers tax holidays to all manufacturers in the first five years of operation.
  • The estimated cost per unit of GSM phones designed for the mass market in the country is put at N8,000 while the current average price stands at N10,000.

Required:
a.
(i) A business environment analysis using SWOT and PESTEL analyses. (10 Marks)
(ii) A competitive analysis using the Porter’s Five Forces Model. (15 Marks)

b. Advise on Kant’s categorical imperative. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Compare NPV and IRR methods, state decision rules, and apply NPV to evaluate two investment projects for selection.

a. Distinguish between net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) and state the decision rule under both criteria. (8 Marks)

b. Two projects A and B have initial capital investment of N900,000 each. The cash inflows of the two projects are as follows:

Required:
i. As a financial analyst, calculate the net present value (NPV) of the two projects given a cost of capital of 12%. (6 Marks)
ii. Based on the results obtained in (i), which of the projects should be chosen? (1 Mark)

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  • 15 Marks

PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Explain cost-benefit analysis, its evaluation methods, and justify its preference as a public project appraisal technique.

The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been described as the most popular technique for investment project appraisal in the public sector, especially in the developing world.

Required:

a. Describe the term cost-benefit analysis (CBA). (5 Marks)

b. Identify and explain the two methods usually adopted in the evaluation of projects under CBA. (4 Marks)

c. Justify the preference for CBA as a public project appraisal technique. (6 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q4a – Probability

Sketch the normal distribution curve showing the mean, median, and mode.

The continuous random variable X is normally distributed with mean μ and variance σ2.

Required:
Sketch the distribution of  and indicate on your sketch the mean, median, and mode. (4 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q3 – Probability

Draw a decision tree and determine the optimal strategy for managing the cost of an art exhibition.

The Business Manager of Omaya Art Gallery has rented a hall to display the artworks of the artists of the gallery. She is considering organizing an exhibition of a number of rare painting masterpieces. In the past, only 70% of the paintings were sold in the first week. Moreover, if no painting is sold in the first five (5) days, the exhibition could be extended for another two (2) days but only 20% of the paintings would be sold.

The cost of the exhibition is GH¢500 per day. The manager estimated that in case she does not make any sales, she will have to pay GH¢15,000 to cover the costs of renting the exhibition hall for the same period.

Required: a) Draw a decision tree representing the Business Manager’s decision-making process. (8 marks)

b) Calculate the expected monetary cost of each decision node. (6 marks)

c) Determine the Business Manager’s optimal strategy. (6 marks)

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  • 16 Marks

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q2b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate NPV and IRR for two machines and determine which machine yields a better return.

BonBone Company Ltd wants to make a decision on which of the two machines to purchase. Each will involve a GH¢10,000 investment. The expected net incremental cash flows are given by the table below:

Year Machine I (GH¢) Machine II (GH¢)
1 5,000.00 2,000.00
2 4,000.00 3,000.00
3 2,000.00 5,000.00
4 2,000.00 4,000.00

Required:

i) If the company’s cost of capital is 10%, calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of Machine I and Machine II and determine which machine should be purchased for higher returns. (8 marks)

ii) If the initial investment for Machine I is changed to GH¢4,000 and Machine II is changed to GH¢2,000, calculate the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for Machine I and Machine II. (6 marks)

iii) If the IRRs in (ii) above are to be used as the basis of selection, determine which machine should be purchased for higher returns. (2 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q2a – Mathematics of Business Finance

Distinguish between IRR and NPV, and evaluate investment decisions using NPV and IRR.

Distinguish between Internal Rate of Return and Net Present Value. (4 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q1a – Forecasting

Calculate centered trend values using moving average, determine seasonal variations, adjust variations, and forecast future clients using a multiplicative model.

The number of clients who consulted Tsoo Consult within a period of three years were recorded as follows:

Year Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
1 75 70 75 80
2 95 85 80 65
3 100 105 115 90

Required:
a) Assuming a 4 quarterly cycle, calculate the centred trend values for the data by moving average method. (4 marks)

b) Using (a) above and the multiplicative model, calculate the average seasonal variations. (5 marks)

c) Using (b) above, calculate the adjusted average seasonal variations for the data. (5 marks)

d) Using the trend and the adjusted average seasonal variation, forecast the number of clients for Year 4 based on the multiplicative model. (6 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q5b – Professional and Ethical Considerations

Explains the auditor's objectives and significant matters for communication with those charged with governance under ISA 260.

b) Due to increased workload, your firm has just recruited a new junior audit staff member, George Ansong, who has joined the practice directly from University and so has no previous work experience. You have been assigned as his training manager.

George is now looking at summarised material given to him by the audit partner on ISA 260. ISA 260: Communication with those charged with governance deals with the auditor’s responsibility to communicate with those charged with governance in an audit of financial statements. It focuses primarily on communications from the auditor to those charged with governance.

George would like you to explain in more detail what he has read.

Required:
In relation to George’s request, detail the provisions set out in ISA 260 in relation to the following:
i) The main objectives of the auditor in communicating with those charged with governance.
(4 marks)
ii) SIX (6) significant matters the auditor should communicate with those charged with governance about the responsibilities of the auditor in relation to the audit of the financial statements.
(6 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q5a – Completion Procedures and Reporting

Explains the circumstances under which a qualified or adverse audit opinion is issued.

a) When there is a material disagreement between the Auditor and management of a client, this could lead to the Auditor expressing a qualified opinion or an adverse opinion.
Required:
Evaluate the circumstances, when due to disagreement between Management and the auditor, an audit firm may express a qualified opinion or an adverse opinion in its report on the financial statements of a company.
(5 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q4 – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Defines analytical procedures and outlines substantive procedures for revenue, profit, inventory, payables, and bank loan verification.

You are the external auditor of Paa Willy Ltd (PW) for the year ended 31 March 2019. PW operates 12 convenience stores in the Greater Accra region:

  • Each store sells food.
  • Each store is responsible for its own inventory procurement and produces monthly management accounts which are sent to the centralised accounting department at PW head office.

PW is financed by a GH¢250,000 bank loan which is repayable at a rate of GH¢50,000 per annum over each of the next 5 years starting on 31 October 2019. It also has an overdraft facility of GH¢100,000, which it uses in full. The bank overdraft facility is due for renewal on 1 May 2020.

The bank has already told the company that it will need a cash flow forecast for two years from 1 February 2020 in order for the bank to decide whether or not the overdraft facility will be renewed. The bank has also said it will require a report from the external auditors to confirm the accuracy of the forecast.

Required:
a) Define the term analytical procedures.
(2 marks)

b) In relation to the work of an external auditor:
i) Describe THREE (3) analytical procedures that should be performed to confirm PW’s revenue and profit.
(3 marks)
ii) Outline THREE (3) substantive procedures that should be adopted to verify each of the following assertions:

  • The valuation of inventory.
    (3 marks)
  • The completeness of payables.
    (3 marks)

c) Recommend FOUR (4) appropriate substantive procedures that should be performed to confirm PW’s bank loan.
(4 marks)

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  • 25 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q3 – Audit and Assurance Risk Environment

Discusses audit procedures related to inventory misstatement and indicators and audit procedures for going concern assessment.

Damongo Ltd (Damongo) is a computer hardware specialist and has been trading for over ten years. Damongo is the only hardware specialist listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange within five years after incorporation.

The company is funded partly through overdrafts and loans and also by several large shareholders. The year-end is 31 December 2017. Damongo has experienced significant growth in previous years. However, in the current year, a new competitor, HardWare Specialist Co (HardWare), has entered the market and through competitive pricing has gained considerable market share from Damongo. One of Damongo’s large customers has stopped trading with them and has moved its business to HardWare. In addition, a number of Damongo’s specialist developers have left the company and joined HardWare. Damongo has found it difficult to replace these employees due to the level of their skills and knowledge. Damongo has just received notification that its main supplier who provides the company with specialist electrical equipment has ceased trading.

Damongo is looking to develop new products to differentiate itself from the rest of its competitors. It has approached its shareholders to finance this development, however, they declined to invest further in Damongo. Damongo’s loan is long term and it has met all repayments on time. The overdraft has increased significantly over the year and the directors have informed you that the overdraft facility is due for renewal next month, and they are confident it will be renewed.

The directors have produced a cash flow forecast which shows a significantly worsening position in the coming 12 months. They are confident that the new products being developed is viable. Damongo has trading history of significant growth and they believe it is unnecessary to make any disclosures in the financial statements regarding going concern.

At the year end, Damongo received notification from one of its customers that the hardware installed for the customers’ online ordering system has not been operating correctly. As a result, the customer has lost significant revenue and has informed Damongo that they intend to take legal action against them for loss of earnings. Damongo has investigated the problem post year end and discovered that other work-in-progress is similarly affected and inventory should be written down. The Finance Director believes that as this misstatement was identified after the year end, it can be amended in the 2017 financial statements.

Required:
a) Describe THREE (3) procedures the auditors of Damongo Ltd should undertake in relation to the uncorrected inventory misstatement identified above.
(6 marks)

b) Explain FIVE (5) going concern potential indicators of Damongo Ltd.
(10 marks)

c) Identify SIX (6) going concern audit procedures which you should perform for Damongo Ltd.
(6 marks)

d) The auditors have been informed that Damongo’s bankers will not take a decision on the overdraft facility until after the audit report is completed. The directors have now agreed to include some going concern disclosures. Describe the impact on the audit report of Damongo Ltd if the auditor believes the company is a going concern but that this is subject to a material uncertainty.
(3 marks)

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  • 12 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q2b – Audit and Assurance Evidence

Explains the components of internal control per ISA 315 and reasons for focusing on internal controls during substantive testing.

b) For many firms, the audit evidence that they obtain does not focus on a client’s internal systems and controls; rather, the work is focused on the substantive testing of the transactions and balances which make up the entity’s accounts. Consequently, many practitioners do not believe that they are required to spend much time documenting a client’s internal systems and controls or indeed to test whether any of the controls actually operate in practice in any detail. However, to ignore this area will mean that the requirements of ISA 315: Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement Through Understanding the Entity and its Environment are not complied with.

Required:
i) Explain the components of an internal control system in line with ISA 315.
(5 marks)
ii) Why is the work on internal controls necessary when auditors take the substantive approach?
(4 marks)

iii) Why is the work on internal controls necessary when auditors take the substantive approach?
(4 marks)

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