Professional Body: ICA (Ghana)

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  • 20 Marks

TAI – Feb 2020 – L1 – Q3 – Audit Evidence Sources

List and explain five significant sources of audit evidence and the nature of evidence expected from each.

a) The auditor should obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in order to be able to form an audit opinion.

Required: a) Enumerate five (5) significant sources of audit evidence and for each source explain briefly the nature of evidence expected.

b) What is sufficient audit evidence depends upon auditor’s judgment. Explain three matters which influence such judgment.

c) Identify and explain three situations which restrict the auditor’s ability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence. Give two examples for each situation.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar2025 – L3 – Q4 – Financial Management

AML evaluates money market and forward contract hedges to mitigate USD/GHS exchange rate risk on USD 10M gold export revenue, with calculations and internal hedging strategies.

Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) exports a significant portion of its gold production, making its revenue highly sensitive to global gold prices and exchange rate fluctuations. Recently, gold prices have surged to a six-month high of USD 2,904.4 per troy ounce, creating an opportunity for AML to maximize export earnings. However, the company also faces foreign exchange risk, as the Ghanaian cedi (GHS) may depreciate before AML receives its USD payments.
To mitigate this risk, AML’s finance team is considering two hedging strategies: money market hedge and forward contracts. The company must determine which approach provides the best protection against exchange rate fluctuations while optimising its financial position.
AML expects to receive USD 10 million from gold exports in three months. The company is concerned that the USD/GHS exchange rate may depreciate and is evaluating both a money market hedge and a forward contract. The following information is available:

  • Current spot exchange rate: 1 USD = 12.50 GHS
  • Three-month forward rate: 1 USD = 12.20 GHS
    Three-month interest rates:
  • USD borrowing rate: 4% per annum
  • USD deposit rate: 3% per annum
  • GHS borrowing rate: 23% per annum
  • GHS deposit rate: 18% per annum

Required:
a) Explain the concept of both the money market hedge and forward contract hedge, and how AML can use each to mitigate its exchange rate risk.
(6 marks)
b) Calculate the amount AML needs to borrow or invest today in both USD and GHS under the money market hedge to fully hedge the future receipt of USD 10 million.
(4 marks)
c) Calculate the GHS amount AML would receive if it chooses the forward contract hedge instead.
(2 marks)
d) Compare the GHS amounts received under the money market hedge and forward contract hedge. Recommend the better option for AML based on the calculations.
(2 marks)
e) Discuss THREE internal hedging techniques AML can employ to mitigate the depreciation of the Ghana Cedi against the US Dollar.
(6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q3 – Competitive advantage, International financial

Analyze AML's employee management using IR Framework and evaluate the appropriateness of its diversification strategy into lithium mining.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) operates in both local and international mining markets, with operations spread across different regions, including Ghana, Mali and Burkina Faso. AML faces pressures for local adaptiveness, such as meeting the specific needs of employees in diverse communities, and global integration, which requires maintaining consistent HR policies and performance standards across all operations. The IntegrationResponsiveness (IR) Framework helps organisations determine how to balance these competing pressures to achieve strategic objectives.

Required:

i) Explain the Integration-Responsiveness (IR) Framework, and show how AML can manage its employees across various locations by balancing the pressures for local adaptiveness and global integration. (6 marks)

ii) Suggest TWO situations where AML should emphasise local adaptiveness and TWO where it should prioritise global integration. Provide examples to support your response. (4 marks)

b) AML diversified its operations by integrating lithium extraction into its core business. Diversification is appropriate in some situations but not in others.

Required: Explain FIVE reasons why the diversification strategy of AML is appropriate and THREE factors that could make the diversification strategy inappropriate. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Withholding Tax

State five payments exempt from withholding taxes in Ghana.

a) The Managing Director of Kantorse LTD is worried about the amount of withholding tax deductions the company suffers when the company receives payment for the supply of goods to some customers. He has heard that some payments could be exempted from withholding taxes.

Required: State FIVE payments that are exempt from withholding taxes.

b) State FIVE responsibilities of a VAT Withholding Agent.

c) The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) has implemented an online tax filing system that allows taxpayers to submit their tax returns through the GRA portal. This system is part of the broader digitalization effort aimed at enhancing tax compliance and administration in Ghana.

Required: i) Discuss FOUR benefits of using the GRA online tax filing system for both taxpayers and tax administrators.

ii) Identify TWO challenges that taxpayers may face when using the online tax filing system and recommend possible solutions.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q2 – Change Management

Explain leadership's role in change management and three of Kanter's skills for AML's diversification strategy.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) has undergone significant transformations in its operations, particularly with the integration of lithium extraction into its core business. This shift has presented both opportunities and challenges, including regulatory compliance, technological advancements and stakeholder management. Successfully navigating these changes requires effective leadership and change management.

Rosabeth Moss Kanter suggests that managers in change-adept organisations must possess key skills to drive transformation effectively. As AML continues its diversification efforts, the company’s leadership must demonstrate these skills to sustain growth and maintain a competitive edge.

Required:

Identify and explain the critical role of leadership in managing change and THREE out of five key change management skills suggested by Kanter that AML’s leadership should exhibit to effectively manage its diversification and growth strategies.

b) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) recently engaged a risk consultant from Isodek Consultants to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and provide recommendations on managing the transformational changes the company is undergoing. The consultant’s report highlights key risks and challenges related to AML’s diversification strategy, operational restructuring, stakeholder engagement and compliance with global sustainability standards.

To navigate these challenges effectively, AML’s leadership needs to apply the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model which provides a structured framework for managing large-scale organisational change.

Required:

Using the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model, discuss how each component can be applied to address the operational and environmental risks identified in the consultant’s report.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q1 – Employee Satisfaction

Identify two key concerns from AML's employee satisfaction survey and their impact on competitive advantage.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) recently conducted an employee satisfaction survey to address ongoing challenges in attracting and retaining skilled labour. The survey evaluated staff experiences across five critical areas: conditions of service, career development, performance support, work environment and work satisfaction. The survey revealed key issues related to job security, career progression and employee welfare. AML’s leadership is now focused on implementing strategic measures to enhance employee satisfaction and engagement to reduce turnover risks and improve productivity. Required: Identify and explain TWO key areas of concern from the employee satisfaction survey. How might these concerns impact AML’s ability to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage?

b) AML has expanded its operations beyond Ghana, securing mining concessions in Mali and Burkina Faso. The company’s international growth has been driven by rising global demand for gold and lithium, particularly for use in battery production and renewable energy technologies. However, AML must navigate various external factors such as economic fluctuations, trade policies, global commodity pricing, and regulatory frameworks in different countries. To maintain its competitive advantage, AML’s leadership must evaluate external business conditions using tools such as Porter’s Diamond Model, which assesses factors influencing national competitiveness, and broader international economic analysis to identify key opportunities and threats. Required: Using Porter’s Diamond Model, analyse THREE factors that contribute to Ghana’s competitiveness in the global mining industry. How can AML leverage these factors for long-term success?

c) AML has evolved through various strategic phases over the last decades, including modernization, diversification and international expansion. The company is evolving and strengthening its governance, financial structure and operational processes. As AML continues to grow in a competitive mining industry, selecting an appropriate strategic approach is crucial for sustaining long-term success. The board of AML must consider different organisational strategy approaches to align with its corporate objectives, resource capabilities and industry trends. These approaches include the systems-based approach, resource-based approach, core competencies approach, rational strategy and adaptive/emergent strategy. Required: Using AML’s strategic journey as a reference, explain each of the FIVE strategic approaches and how they are relevant to AML’s organisational strategy.

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4- Partnership Taxation

Compute Nmani Pharmacy’s chargeable income for 2023.

a) Three pharmacy students, Abanga, Banzey and Chambas who completed the Tamale Technical University have teamed up to undertake a business venture in the pharmaceutical sector under a Trading Name Nmani Pharmacy. They agreed to share profit and losses in the ratio 3:2:1 for Abanga, Banzey and Chambas respectively. The details provided below relate to the business financial performance for the year 2023.

 

Details GH¢
Sales 663,400
Cost of goods sold:
Opening inventory 150,000
Purchases 300,000
450,000
Closing inventory (120,000)
330,000
Gross profit 333,400
Less expenses:
Staff cost 102,000
Business promotions 58,100
Depreciation 98,200
Electricity and water 53,000
Expired drugs 12,100
Donation 78,000
Rent and rates 15,000
Sundry expenses 50,000
Vehicle running cost 63,000
(529,400)
Net profit 134,000
Tax paid (15,200)
Net profit after tax 118,800

Additional Information:

  1. Staff cost includes monthly stipend allocations to the aged parents of the partners totaling GH¢18,000.
  2. All three Partners are taking care of their aged parents who are more than 60 years.
  3. Business promotions include lunch expenses of the partners amounting to GH¢21,200.
  4. Donations include funeral donation made during the funeral of the mother of the Vice Chancellor of the Tamale Technical University amounting to GH¢20,000.
  5. Sundry expenses include fine amounting to GH¢32,000 imposed by the Food and Drugs Authority for failure to remove some expired drugs from shelves.
  6. The Partners received Withholding Tax Certificates indicating an amount of GH¢15,200 from the Binabaani European Hospital for medical consumables supplied to the hospital.
  7. Capital allowance has been agreed with the Ghana Revenue Authority at GH¢104,200.

Required: i) Compute the chargeable income for Nmani Pharmacy for the 2023 Year of Assessment.

(ii) Compute the net tax payable by each partner for the year 2023.

(b) In line with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896), partnership and limited liability companies in Ghana are taxed in accordance with their residency status in a year of assessment.

Required: State the criteria for the determination of the residency status of partnership and limited liability companies.

(c) All over the world, countries have introduced policies to guarantee income for their hard-working workforce who may go on retirement to enable them to live meaningful lives after retirement. Ghana’s pension system aims to provide personal financial security for employees in their retirement years.

Required: Describe the current pension system in Ghana.

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Taxation of Individuals

Determine Selassi Afolabi’s chargeable income for 2023.

a) Selassi Afolabi was employed as the Personnel Manager of Tano North District Assembly on 1 March 2021 on salary scale of GH¢72,000, which is expected to increase by GH¢4,000 annually to a maximum of GH¢84,000. As part of his conditions of employment, he is entitled to the following: i) He has a fully furnished accommodation. ii) He has a vehicle, fuel and driver for official use only. iii) Risk allowance of GH¢2,000 a month. iv) Inconvenience allowance of GH¢1,500 a month. v) Professional allowance of GH¢2,500 a month. vi) He was paid a bonus of GH¢16,000. vii) He had the services of a gardener who receives monthly salary of GH¢800, paid by the employer. viii) He is divorced with three children who are schooling in government approved schools in Ghana. ix) He contributes 5.5% of his salary to the Social Security Scheme. x) He contributes 8% of his salary to an approved Provident Fund and his employers also contributes 10% on his behalf to the Provident Fund. xi) He received a net dividend of GH¢12,800 in 2023 from shares owned in a resident company. xii) He received a director’s fee of GH¢16,000 net of 20% WHT in 2023 from being a Board member in a private company.

Required: Determine his chargeable income for the 2023 year of assessment.

b) Adwoa Ntowbea is an investor in several companies in Ghana and abroad. Below are details of ordinary share dealing of Adwoa Ntowbea in Amaraaba LTD, a limited liability company in Ghana which is not listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange.

 

Date Details
1 Jan 2023 Bought 500 shares at GH¢11 each
18 Sept 2023 Bought 1500 shares at GH¢12 each
30 Dec 2023 Bought 800 shares at GH¢10 each
19 Nov 2024 Sold 500 shares for GH¢12 each

Required: i) Determine the gains on the shares sold

ii) Determine the tax, if any, on the shares sold.

iii) Explain the withholding tax regime on realization of capital assets.

iv) What are the tax return requirements on realization of capital gains?

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  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Decision making techniques

Determine whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy extra seating assemblies for scooters, considering costs and opportunity costs.

a) i)
Moree Engineers LTD (MEL) makes electrically-driven disability scooters aimed at elderly and/or disabled customers. At present, wheels and tyres are bought from external suppliers but all other parts are manufactured in-house. The scooters have a strong reputation due mainly to innovative designs, special power units that can be recharged at home and seats that enable easy access for a wide range of disabilities. MEL also sells power units to other firms.
Current monthly costs are as follows:

Seating Department Power Unit Department
Costs GH¢ GH¢
Direct Materials 9,300 4,140
Direct Labour 12,600 9,450
Apportioned overheads 26,700 17,200
48,600 30,790
Production level 60 units 90 units

The power unit department currently produces 90 units a month, 60 units are used in MEL’s own scooters while 30 units are sold externally at GH¢376 each.
A contract has been won to supply an additional 10 scooters per month. However, the directors are considering how best to meet the additional demand.
Sufficient capacity exists for the company to increase its monthly production to 70 scooters, except that making an extra 10 seating assemblies would require reallocation of labour and other resources from the power unit to the seating department. This would cut power unit output by 20 units per month.
The alternative course would be to buy 10 seating assemblies from an outside supplier and fit the 10 power units from the present production of 90 units. The cheapest quote for seating assemblies is GH¢610 per assembly.

Required:
Based on the figures given, show whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy the extra seats.

a) ii) Discuss FOUR other factors that should be considered before a final decision is taken to make or to buy the extra seats.

b) i). Bambo LTD produces three medical products namely, gloves, bandages and syringes. The budgeted sales in the coming year for the three products is GH¢4,530,000. The company accordingly projected GH¢750,000 post-tax profit on the three products for the period.
Detailed budgeted Cost and sales data for the coming year are as follows:

Gloves Bandages Syringes
Sales Volume (%) 40% 25% 35%
Variable cost to Sales ratio 60% 67.5% 54.5%

The fixed cost for Bambo LTD amounted to GH¢1,330,000.
Other information:
Corporate tax rate is 25%

Required:
Calculate margin of safety in percentage (%) terms.

b) ii) Calculate post-tax revenue to achieve the projected profit.

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  • 20 Marks

TAI – Feb 2020 – L1 – Q3 – Audit Evidence Sources

List and explain five significant sources of audit evidence and the nature of evidence expected from each.

a) The auditor should obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence in order to be able to form an audit opinion.

Required: a) Enumerate five (5) significant sources of audit evidence and for each source explain briefly the nature of evidence expected.

b) What is sufficient audit evidence depends upon auditor’s judgment. Explain three matters which influence such judgment.

c) Identify and explain three situations which restrict the auditor’s ability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence. Give two examples for each situation.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar2025 – L3 – Q4 – Financial Management

AML evaluates money market and forward contract hedges to mitigate USD/GHS exchange rate risk on USD 10M gold export revenue, with calculations and internal hedging strategies.

Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) exports a significant portion of its gold production, making its revenue highly sensitive to global gold prices and exchange rate fluctuations. Recently, gold prices have surged to a six-month high of USD 2,904.4 per troy ounce, creating an opportunity for AML to maximize export earnings. However, the company also faces foreign exchange risk, as the Ghanaian cedi (GHS) may depreciate before AML receives its USD payments.
To mitigate this risk, AML’s finance team is considering two hedging strategies: money market hedge and forward contracts. The company must determine which approach provides the best protection against exchange rate fluctuations while optimising its financial position.
AML expects to receive USD 10 million from gold exports in three months. The company is concerned that the USD/GHS exchange rate may depreciate and is evaluating both a money market hedge and a forward contract. The following information is available:

  • Current spot exchange rate: 1 USD = 12.50 GHS
  • Three-month forward rate: 1 USD = 12.20 GHS
    Three-month interest rates:
  • USD borrowing rate: 4% per annum
  • USD deposit rate: 3% per annum
  • GHS borrowing rate: 23% per annum
  • GHS deposit rate: 18% per annum

Required:
a) Explain the concept of both the money market hedge and forward contract hedge, and how AML can use each to mitigate its exchange rate risk.
(6 marks)
b) Calculate the amount AML needs to borrow or invest today in both USD and GHS under the money market hedge to fully hedge the future receipt of USD 10 million.
(4 marks)
c) Calculate the GHS amount AML would receive if it chooses the forward contract hedge instead.
(2 marks)
d) Compare the GHS amounts received under the money market hedge and forward contract hedge. Recommend the better option for AML based on the calculations.
(2 marks)
e) Discuss THREE internal hedging techniques AML can employ to mitigate the depreciation of the Ghana Cedi against the US Dollar.
(6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q3 – Competitive advantage, International financial

Analyze AML's employee management using IR Framework and evaluate the appropriateness of its diversification strategy into lithium mining.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) operates in both local and international mining markets, with operations spread across different regions, including Ghana, Mali and Burkina Faso. AML faces pressures for local adaptiveness, such as meeting the specific needs of employees in diverse communities, and global integration, which requires maintaining consistent HR policies and performance standards across all operations. The IntegrationResponsiveness (IR) Framework helps organisations determine how to balance these competing pressures to achieve strategic objectives.

Required:

i) Explain the Integration-Responsiveness (IR) Framework, and show how AML can manage its employees across various locations by balancing the pressures for local adaptiveness and global integration. (6 marks)

ii) Suggest TWO situations where AML should emphasise local adaptiveness and TWO where it should prioritise global integration. Provide examples to support your response. (4 marks)

b) AML diversified its operations by integrating lithium extraction into its core business. Diversification is appropriate in some situations but not in others.

Required: Explain FIVE reasons why the diversification strategy of AML is appropriate and THREE factors that could make the diversification strategy inappropriate. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Withholding Tax

State five payments exempt from withholding taxes in Ghana.

a) The Managing Director of Kantorse LTD is worried about the amount of withholding tax deductions the company suffers when the company receives payment for the supply of goods to some customers. He has heard that some payments could be exempted from withholding taxes.

Required: State FIVE payments that are exempt from withholding taxes.

b) State FIVE responsibilities of a VAT Withholding Agent.

c) The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) has implemented an online tax filing system that allows taxpayers to submit their tax returns through the GRA portal. This system is part of the broader digitalization effort aimed at enhancing tax compliance and administration in Ghana.

Required: i) Discuss FOUR benefits of using the GRA online tax filing system for both taxpayers and tax administrators.

ii) Identify TWO challenges that taxpayers may face when using the online tax filing system and recommend possible solutions.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q2 – Change Management

Explain leadership's role in change management and three of Kanter's skills for AML's diversification strategy.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) has undergone significant transformations in its operations, particularly with the integration of lithium extraction into its core business. This shift has presented both opportunities and challenges, including regulatory compliance, technological advancements and stakeholder management. Successfully navigating these changes requires effective leadership and change management.

Rosabeth Moss Kanter suggests that managers in change-adept organisations must possess key skills to drive transformation effectively. As AML continues its diversification efforts, the company’s leadership must demonstrate these skills to sustain growth and maintain a competitive edge.

Required:

Identify and explain the critical role of leadership in managing change and THREE out of five key change management skills suggested by Kanter that AML’s leadership should exhibit to effectively manage its diversification and growth strategies.

b) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) recently engaged a risk consultant from Isodek Consultants to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and provide recommendations on managing the transformational changes the company is undergoing. The consultant’s report highlights key risks and challenges related to AML’s diversification strategy, operational restructuring, stakeholder engagement and compliance with global sustainability standards.

To navigate these challenges effectively, AML’s leadership needs to apply the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model which provides a structured framework for managing large-scale organisational change.

Required:

Using the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model, discuss how each component can be applied to address the operational and environmental risks identified in the consultant’s report.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q1 – Employee Satisfaction

Identify two key concerns from AML's employee satisfaction survey and their impact on competitive advantage.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) recently conducted an employee satisfaction survey to address ongoing challenges in attracting and retaining skilled labour. The survey evaluated staff experiences across five critical areas: conditions of service, career development, performance support, work environment and work satisfaction. The survey revealed key issues related to job security, career progression and employee welfare. AML’s leadership is now focused on implementing strategic measures to enhance employee satisfaction and engagement to reduce turnover risks and improve productivity. Required: Identify and explain TWO key areas of concern from the employee satisfaction survey. How might these concerns impact AML’s ability to maintain a sustainable competitive advantage?

b) AML has expanded its operations beyond Ghana, securing mining concessions in Mali and Burkina Faso. The company’s international growth has been driven by rising global demand for gold and lithium, particularly for use in battery production and renewable energy technologies. However, AML must navigate various external factors such as economic fluctuations, trade policies, global commodity pricing, and regulatory frameworks in different countries. To maintain its competitive advantage, AML’s leadership must evaluate external business conditions using tools such as Porter’s Diamond Model, which assesses factors influencing national competitiveness, and broader international economic analysis to identify key opportunities and threats. Required: Using Porter’s Diamond Model, analyse THREE factors that contribute to Ghana’s competitiveness in the global mining industry. How can AML leverage these factors for long-term success?

c) AML has evolved through various strategic phases over the last decades, including modernization, diversification and international expansion. The company is evolving and strengthening its governance, financial structure and operational processes. As AML continues to grow in a competitive mining industry, selecting an appropriate strategic approach is crucial for sustaining long-term success. The board of AML must consider different organisational strategy approaches to align with its corporate objectives, resource capabilities and industry trends. These approaches include the systems-based approach, resource-based approach, core competencies approach, rational strategy and adaptive/emergent strategy. Required: Using AML’s strategic journey as a reference, explain each of the FIVE strategic approaches and how they are relevant to AML’s organisational strategy.

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4- Partnership Taxation

Compute Nmani Pharmacy’s chargeable income for 2023.

a) Three pharmacy students, Abanga, Banzey and Chambas who completed the Tamale Technical University have teamed up to undertake a business venture in the pharmaceutical sector under a Trading Name Nmani Pharmacy. They agreed to share profit and losses in the ratio 3:2:1 for Abanga, Banzey and Chambas respectively. The details provided below relate to the business financial performance for the year 2023.

 

Details GH¢
Sales 663,400
Cost of goods sold:
Opening inventory 150,000
Purchases 300,000
450,000
Closing inventory (120,000)
330,000
Gross profit 333,400
Less expenses:
Staff cost 102,000
Business promotions 58,100
Depreciation 98,200
Electricity and water 53,000
Expired drugs 12,100
Donation 78,000
Rent and rates 15,000
Sundry expenses 50,000
Vehicle running cost 63,000
(529,400)
Net profit 134,000
Tax paid (15,200)
Net profit after tax 118,800

Additional Information:

  1. Staff cost includes monthly stipend allocations to the aged parents of the partners totaling GH¢18,000.
  2. All three Partners are taking care of their aged parents who are more than 60 years.
  3. Business promotions include lunch expenses of the partners amounting to GH¢21,200.
  4. Donations include funeral donation made during the funeral of the mother of the Vice Chancellor of the Tamale Technical University amounting to GH¢20,000.
  5. Sundry expenses include fine amounting to GH¢32,000 imposed by the Food and Drugs Authority for failure to remove some expired drugs from shelves.
  6. The Partners received Withholding Tax Certificates indicating an amount of GH¢15,200 from the Binabaani European Hospital for medical consumables supplied to the hospital.
  7. Capital allowance has been agreed with the Ghana Revenue Authority at GH¢104,200.

Required: i) Compute the chargeable income for Nmani Pharmacy for the 2023 Year of Assessment.

(ii) Compute the net tax payable by each partner for the year 2023.

(b) In line with the provisions of the Income Tax Act, 2015 (Act 896), partnership and limited liability companies in Ghana are taxed in accordance with their residency status in a year of assessment.

Required: State the criteria for the determination of the residency status of partnership and limited liability companies.

(c) All over the world, countries have introduced policies to guarantee income for their hard-working workforce who may go on retirement to enable them to live meaningful lives after retirement. Ghana’s pension system aims to provide personal financial security for employees in their retirement years.

Required: Describe the current pension system in Ghana.

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  • 20 Marks

POT – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Taxation of Individuals

Determine Selassi Afolabi’s chargeable income for 2023.

a) Selassi Afolabi was employed as the Personnel Manager of Tano North District Assembly on 1 March 2021 on salary scale of GH¢72,000, which is expected to increase by GH¢4,000 annually to a maximum of GH¢84,000. As part of his conditions of employment, he is entitled to the following: i) He has a fully furnished accommodation. ii) He has a vehicle, fuel and driver for official use only. iii) Risk allowance of GH¢2,000 a month. iv) Inconvenience allowance of GH¢1,500 a month. v) Professional allowance of GH¢2,500 a month. vi) He was paid a bonus of GH¢16,000. vii) He had the services of a gardener who receives monthly salary of GH¢800, paid by the employer. viii) He is divorced with three children who are schooling in government approved schools in Ghana. ix) He contributes 5.5% of his salary to the Social Security Scheme. x) He contributes 8% of his salary to an approved Provident Fund and his employers also contributes 10% on his behalf to the Provident Fund. xi) He received a net dividend of GH¢12,800 in 2023 from shares owned in a resident company. xii) He received a director’s fee of GH¢16,000 net of 20% WHT in 2023 from being a Board member in a private company.

Required: Determine his chargeable income for the 2023 year of assessment.

b) Adwoa Ntowbea is an investor in several companies in Ghana and abroad. Below are details of ordinary share dealing of Adwoa Ntowbea in Amaraaba LTD, a limited liability company in Ghana which is not listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange.

 

Date Details
1 Jan 2023 Bought 500 shares at GH¢11 each
18 Sept 2023 Bought 1500 shares at GH¢12 each
30 Dec 2023 Bought 800 shares at GH¢10 each
19 Nov 2024 Sold 500 shares for GH¢12 each

Required: i) Determine the gains on the shares sold

ii) Determine the tax, if any, on the shares sold.

iii) Explain the withholding tax regime on realization of capital assets.

iv) What are the tax return requirements on realization of capital gains?

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  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Decision making techniques

Determine whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy extra seating assemblies for scooters, considering costs and opportunity costs.

a) i)
Moree Engineers LTD (MEL) makes electrically-driven disability scooters aimed at elderly and/or disabled customers. At present, wheels and tyres are bought from external suppliers but all other parts are manufactured in-house. The scooters have a strong reputation due mainly to innovative designs, special power units that can be recharged at home and seats that enable easy access for a wide range of disabilities. MEL also sells power units to other firms.
Current monthly costs are as follows:

Seating Department Power Unit Department
Costs GH¢ GH¢
Direct Materials 9,300 4,140
Direct Labour 12,600 9,450
Apportioned overheads 26,700 17,200
48,600 30,790
Production level 60 units 90 units

The power unit department currently produces 90 units a month, 60 units are used in MEL’s own scooters while 30 units are sold externally at GH¢376 each.
A contract has been won to supply an additional 10 scooters per month. However, the directors are considering how best to meet the additional demand.
Sufficient capacity exists for the company to increase its monthly production to 70 scooters, except that making an extra 10 seating assemblies would require reallocation of labour and other resources from the power unit to the seating department. This would cut power unit output by 20 units per month.
The alternative course would be to buy 10 seating assemblies from an outside supplier and fit the 10 power units from the present production of 90 units. The cheapest quote for seating assemblies is GH¢610 per assembly.

Required:
Based on the figures given, show whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy the extra seats.

a) ii) Discuss FOUR other factors that should be considered before a final decision is taken to make or to buy the extra seats.

b) i). Bambo LTD produces three medical products namely, gloves, bandages and syringes. The budgeted sales in the coming year for the three products is GH¢4,530,000. The company accordingly projected GH¢750,000 post-tax profit on the three products for the period.
Detailed budgeted Cost and sales data for the coming year are as follows:

Gloves Bandages Syringes
Sales Volume (%) 40% 25% 35%
Variable cost to Sales ratio 60% 67.5% 54.5%

The fixed cost for Bambo LTD amounted to GH¢1,330,000.
Other information:
Corporate tax rate is 25%

Required:
Calculate margin of safety in percentage (%) terms.

b) ii) Calculate post-tax revenue to achieve the projected profit.

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