Question Tag: Audit opinion

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  • 20 Marks

AA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4 – Letter of Representation

Explain letter of representation, its contents, and actions if management refuses to provide it.

a) During the audit of Abako Manufacturing LTD, the audit team from Henne Frema & Associates is awaiting written representations from management. One of the key areas of concern is the completeness of the financial records provided due to high turnover of staff especially at the finance department.

Required:

i) Explain letter of representation. (2 marks)

ii) Identify EIGHT statements/issues that may form part of a letter of representation. (4 marks)

iii) Discuss TWO actions that the auditor would take if management refuse to provide the letter of representation.

b) You are part of the team auditing a client who is part of a large multinational group. During the audit, your team noted that the company is reporting adverse liquidity and solvency ratios. Also, the company was in breach of its loan covenants and recently lost a major customer.

Your team has requested that management provide forecast of financial results showing that the company will be liquid and solvent in the foreseeable future, at least 12 months from the date of reporting to support management use of the going concern assumption in the preparation of the financial statements. Your team has also requested a letter of financial support from the company’s parent company.

The team has assessed that a material uncertainty exists and the use of the going concern assumption is inappropriate in the absence of the requested mitigation information.

Required:

i) State the type of audit report to be issued should management fail to provide the requested mitigation information. (4 marks)

ii) Assess the impact of the evidence provided on the audit report. Assume a material uncertainty still exists even after providing the needed evidence but the use of the going concern is appropriate. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q3 – Audit of Complex Transactions and Provisions

Justify provisions for toxic emission fines, outline audit procedures for a new filter and provision, and identify risks in providing assurance for a disposal licence.

You are partner for a firm called Konamoah & Associates, who are auditors for Aluco, an aluminium processing company. Aluco has several issues with its aluminium and steel byproducts, including toxic emissions and a poor health and safety record for employees in the workshop. Aluco has proven to be very lucrative for your firm and you are busy planning the coming year’s audit visits after agreeing to continue this engagement some weeks earlier. The by-products arising from the production process include the following:

  • Sharp metallic fragments that require disposal under an annually granted licence.
  • Toxic exhaust gases that require treatment by a specific filter.
  • Carcinogenic oil that require storage in underground bunkers. Aluco is in the process of installing a new filter to process toxic exhaust gases. This represents an investment of GH¢2,000,000 and is material to the financial statements. The new filter is expected to reduce the number of toxic leaks that the company has caused by over 90%, although the suppliers of the filter, Adamah Enterprises, have only just rushed this product onto the market. In the last five years, Aluco has been fined material amounts of between GH¢200,000 and GH¢400,000 by the Tema Metropolitan Assembly, so this new filter is expected to reduce their liability substantially. During an initial planning meeting held at Aluco, the Finance Director Frank Afful suggested to you that the year’s provision for toxic emission fines be removed as the new filter is likely to reduce these to negligible amounts. He has also mentioned that Aluco will need to start supplying information to assist with the metallic fragment disposal licence application and asked if your firm would be interested in providing assurance on the information required. Required: a) As the Audit Partner, justify the need for any provisions in respect of toxic emission fines. (4 marks) b) What audit procedures are you required to perform to determine the most appropriate treatment of both the new filter and the provision in the financial statements of Aluco and any possible worst case impact on your audit report? (10 marks) c) Identify SIX risks that your firm might have by agreeing to provide required assurance for Aluco’s application for a disposal licence. (6 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Going Concern Considerations and Audit Reporting

Outline factors raising concerns about going concern and how auditors should report findings.

During the audit of Darko Retail LTD, the audit team from Zalia Audit Firm observed that management has not performed a formal assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. It was noted that though the financial statements show a favourable financial position, the company has been facing liquidity issues and has not been able to secure funds for a significant loan due shortly after the balance sheet date.

Required:
i) Outline FOUR factors that can raise questions about the going concern of Darko Retail LTD in the absence of a formal assessment by management.

ii) Describe how the audit team should report their findings related to the going concern assumption in their auditor’s report if they conclude that a material uncertainty exists but is not adequately disclosed in the financial statements.

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q4 – Audit Reporting

Review the suitability of proposed audit opinions for four audit clients and suggest necessary modifications.

You are the manager responsible for four audit clients of Globe & Co, a firm of Chartered Accountants. The year-end in each case is June 30, 2015.
You are currently reviewing the audit working paper files and the audit seniors’ recommendations for the auditors’ reports. Details are as follows:

a. Red Co. Limited is a subsidiary of Yellow Holdings Plc. Serious going concern problems have been noted during this year’s audit. Red will be unable to trade for the foreseeable future unless it continues to receive financial support from the parent company. Red has received a letter of support (‘comfort letter’) from Yellow Holdings Plc.
The audit senior has suggested that due to the seriousness of the situation, the audit opinion must at least be qualified ‘except for’. (5 Marks)

b. Edo Co Plc has changed its accounting policy for goodwill during the year from amortisation over its estimated useful life to annual impairment testing. No disclosure of this change has been given in the financial statements. The carrying amount of goodwill in the statement of financial position as at June 30, 2015, is the same as at June 30, 2014, as management’s impairment test shows that it is not impaired.
The audit senior has concluded that a modification to the opinion is not required but suggests that attention can be drawn to the change by way of an emphasis of matter paragraph. (6 Marks)

c. The directors’ report of Prompt Co Limited states that investment property rental forms a major part of revenue. However, a note to the financial statements shows that property rental represents only 1.6% of total revenue for the year. The audit senior is satisfied that the revenue figures are correct.
The audit senior has noted that an unmodified opinion should be given as the audit opinion does not extend to the directors’ report. (4 Marks)

d. Audit work on the after-date bank transactions of Twinkle Co Limited has identified a transfer of cash from Star Co. Limited. The audit senior assigned to the audit of Twinkle has documented that Twinkle’s finance director explained that Star commenced trading on July 20, 2015, after being set up as a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary of Twinkle.
The audit senior has noted that although no other evidence has been obtained, an unmodified opinion is appropriate because the matter does not impact on the current year’s financial statements. (5 Marks)

Required:
For each situation, comment on the suitability or otherwise of the audit senior’s proposals for the auditors’ reports. Where you disagree, indicate what audit report modification (if any) should be given instead.

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Audit Reporting

Evaluate criteria and communication of Key Audit Matters, including actions if none exist.

Romeo and Juliet Plc is an indigenous company incorporated on March 5, 2012. The entity operates in the oil sector of the economy, which has experienced severe income decline over the past years. The global oil prices hit a record low of about $28 per barrel in 2019 and 2020, further plunging the company and the industry into a downward slide in income generation. The company is also affected by foreign exchange difficulties faced by most companies in the country resulting from increased regulation of foreign exchange. Regular cases of oil theft, pipeline vandalism, and insecurity have also affected the operations of major international oil companies, which are the entity’s major customers. As a result of the above, the company recorded the following in its books of account:

  1. Financial losses: The company has made consistent losses from the financial year ended December 31, 2017, to date.
  2. Current liability position: The company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets.
  3. Negative net operating cash position: The company has maintained a negative net operating cash position from December 31, 2017, to date.

Furthermore, the company’s performance has worsened as a result of a decrease in sales and an increase in expenses.

The largest proportion of the current liabilities is the intercompany borrowings, which accounted for 62% (2020 – 45%) of the total current liability balance. The borrowings stood at N1.5 billion, N1.6 billion, and N2 billion for the financial years ended December 31, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The finance costs in relation to the borrowings stood at N230 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020- N214 million).

The company has currently defaulted on a number of its contractual obligations with its directors, and there was no directors’ remuneration in the current year due to its continuous loss-making position.

At the pre-audit meeting with management of Romeo and Juliet Plc, your firm (the auditors) were informed that, in the year, the company was involved in a business combination with another oil company. To pay for the cost of acquisition, an additional intercompany loan was obtained because of the poor financial position of the company. In addition, the company’s major investment in an associated company was disposed of. The business acquisition proposal has all necessary regulatory approvals. It was approved at the meeting of the directors and annual general meeting of the company in the previous year and disclosed in the company’s prior year financial statements as business matters.

After the meeting with management, you have started the preparation for the year-end audit, and in compliance with regulatory requirements and auditing standards, a Key Audit Matter should be inserted on the opinion page.

Required:

(a) Evaluate the criteria that will help the engagement team determine what qualifies as a matter requiring significant auditor’s attention and can be classified as a Key Audit Matter. (8 Marks)

(b) Discuss the factors that will determine matters of most significance to be communicated to those charged with governance. (10 Marks)

(c) Discuss the criteria for what must be included in the description of a Key Audit Matter on the audit opinion. (6 Marks)

(d) Evaluate what should be done, assuming that you have determined that there are no Key Audit Matters to be reported in the above scenario. (6 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Evaluate significant audit issues related to fraud by the MD/CEO, disclosure of discontinued operations, and audit responsibilities for internet banking.

Havana Bank Plc was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 2015. There was an initial public offer in the same period with proceeds of N5 billion. Part of the proceeds was expected to be utilized to strengthen the bank’s internet banking facility.

In November of the same year, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer (MD/CEO) proceeded on a three-week vacation to the United Kingdom but did not return at the time of concluding the audit of the 2015 financial statements early in 2016. It was observed that the MD/CEO had absconded with documents relating to the public offer. It was also noted that he kept drawing cash whilst in the United Kingdom amounting to N922 million.

The Bank closed its Gambian operations in June 2015 because it had made losses for two consecutive years. Prior to the two years before the closure, the operations in Gambia had grown into a network of five branches, contributing 15 percent of the gross income and 9.5 percent of the net profits of the group. The closure was not disclosed in the financial statements, but reference was made to the closure in the directors’ report.

As the Audit Manager in the firm of Chartered Accountants that audits Havana Bank Plc, you are required to:
a. Identify and explain the significant audit matters you will consider in forming an opinion in relation to the missing documents and the cash drawings by the absconded MD/CEO. (10 Marks)
b. Analyse and evaluate your views on the non-inclusion of the discontinued Gambian operations in the financial statements. (10 Marks)
c. Explain FIVE duties, as an auditor, in relation to the bank’s internet banking. (10 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q3a – Audit Reporting

Discuss forming an appropriate opinion due to scope limitations and evaluate drafted audit report extracts.

You are the Manager-in-charge of the audit of Moonshine Limited. Your auditor’s report for the financial year ended December 31, 2019, was signed without modification in February 2020. The scope of the audit for the year ended December 31, 2020, has been limited because the company’s Chief Executive Officer fled the country in April 2020, taking the accounting records with him.

You have identified a valuable training opportunity for Richard, a member of your audit team. As a training exercise, you have asked Richard to draft the extracts for the basis of opinion and opinion paragraphs that may not be standard wording in an unmodified auditor’s report.

Richard’s draft extracts were produced as follows:

  • Basis of Opinion (extract)
    “However, the evidence available to us was limited because accounting records were missing from early in the year and it was not possible to reconstruct them completely.”
  • Opinion (extract)
    “Because of the possible effect of the limitations in the information available to us, we do not express an opinion on the financial statements.”

Required:

  1. Discuss the principal matters relevant to forming an appropriate opinion on the financial statements of Moonshine for the year ended December 31, 2020. (8 Marks)
  2. Evaluate the suitability of Richard’s draft extracts. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q4 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Assessing a company's ability to continue as a going concern and forming an audit opinion on material uncertainties

You are an audit senior in a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are about to commence work on the audit of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited, a family-owned and managed limited liability company. You have been informed by a business contact that the company has not been trading very successfully and is having difficulties with its bankers. However, you are not aware of any specific details.

The Engagement Manager on the audit is also aware of this information and is concerned about the ability of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited to continue in business for the foreseeable future. He has asked you to visit the company to ascertain the current state of affairs.

Required:

a. Prepare a list of questions that you would wish to ask and details of any information that you would wish to obtain from the Finance Director of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited, to enable you to identify indicators and assess the ability of the company to continue as a going concern. (16 Marks)

b. Explain briefly the audit opinion that you would give, assuming you concluded, after carrying out appropriate audit procedures, that there was a material uncertainty regarding the ability of the company to continue in business and management has included appropriate disclosures in the financial statements. (You are not required to draft the audit report). (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3 – Audit Reporting

Assess material and pervasive effects on financial statements, audit procedures, and draft audit report opinion paragraphs for Tophem Bank’s foreign associate investment.

Tophem Bank Nigeria Plc has been operational for 20 years, with your firm auditing the company for the past five years. During the year, Tophem acquired an investment in Accra Insurance Limited, a foreign associate, which is accounted for using the equity method and listed at ₦575 million on the Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2016. Tophem’s income for the year includes its share of Accra’s net income. However, the audit team was denied access to Accra’s management, auditors, and financial data.

Following a review of the audit file for the year ended December 31, 2016, your partner has recommended a modified opinion for the audit report, providing a draft outline and requesting your input to complete it.

Requirements:
a. Evaluate the circumstances under which a matter could be both material and pervasive in its effect on the financial statements.

(4 Marks)
b. Explain EIGHT appropriate procedures to follow in the audit assignment before finalizing the audit opinion.

(8 Marks)
c. Draft an appropriate basis of opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)
d. Draft an appropriate opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7a – Audit Evidence

Identify additional information needed to determine the audit opinion for Musky Fresh Ltd following supplier difficulties.

Musky Fresh Limited has been in existence, for a number of years, importing perfume. The managing director had built up the business using contacts he already had in the industry. The company imports only one brand of perfume which is manufactured exclusively by one company. The perfume is distributed via ‘shops within shops’ at 20 branches of a well-known store. Under this agreement, Musky Fresh Limited pays a percentage of its takings to the store, with a minimum annual payment of N100,000 per store.

The audit is nearing completion, but you have just heard that the Arabian manufacturer is facing serious financial difficulties, and that supplies have ceased.

Required:

a. Set out the further information the auditor would require before reaching his audit opinion. (6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4 – Letter of Representation

Explain letter of representation, its contents, and actions if management refuses to provide it.

a) During the audit of Abako Manufacturing LTD, the audit team from Henne Frema & Associates is awaiting written representations from management. One of the key areas of concern is the completeness of the financial records provided due to high turnover of staff especially at the finance department.

Required:

i) Explain letter of representation. (2 marks)

ii) Identify EIGHT statements/issues that may form part of a letter of representation. (4 marks)

iii) Discuss TWO actions that the auditor would take if management refuse to provide the letter of representation.

b) You are part of the team auditing a client who is part of a large multinational group. During the audit, your team noted that the company is reporting adverse liquidity and solvency ratios. Also, the company was in breach of its loan covenants and recently lost a major customer.

Your team has requested that management provide forecast of financial results showing that the company will be liquid and solvent in the foreseeable future, at least 12 months from the date of reporting to support management use of the going concern assumption in the preparation of the financial statements. Your team has also requested a letter of financial support from the company’s parent company.

The team has assessed that a material uncertainty exists and the use of the going concern assumption is inappropriate in the absence of the requested mitigation information.

Required:

i) State the type of audit report to be issued should management fail to provide the requested mitigation information. (4 marks)

ii) Assess the impact of the evidence provided on the audit report. Assume a material uncertainty still exists even after providing the needed evidence but the use of the going concern is appropriate. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q3 – Audit of Complex Transactions and Provisions

Justify provisions for toxic emission fines, outline audit procedures for a new filter and provision, and identify risks in providing assurance for a disposal licence.

You are partner for a firm called Konamoah & Associates, who are auditors for Aluco, an aluminium processing company. Aluco has several issues with its aluminium and steel byproducts, including toxic emissions and a poor health and safety record for employees in the workshop. Aluco has proven to be very lucrative for your firm and you are busy planning the coming year’s audit visits after agreeing to continue this engagement some weeks earlier. The by-products arising from the production process include the following:

  • Sharp metallic fragments that require disposal under an annually granted licence.
  • Toxic exhaust gases that require treatment by a specific filter.
  • Carcinogenic oil that require storage in underground bunkers. Aluco is in the process of installing a new filter to process toxic exhaust gases. This represents an investment of GH¢2,000,000 and is material to the financial statements. The new filter is expected to reduce the number of toxic leaks that the company has caused by over 90%, although the suppliers of the filter, Adamah Enterprises, have only just rushed this product onto the market. In the last five years, Aluco has been fined material amounts of between GH¢200,000 and GH¢400,000 by the Tema Metropolitan Assembly, so this new filter is expected to reduce their liability substantially. During an initial planning meeting held at Aluco, the Finance Director Frank Afful suggested to you that the year’s provision for toxic emission fines be removed as the new filter is likely to reduce these to negligible amounts. He has also mentioned that Aluco will need to start supplying information to assist with the metallic fragment disposal licence application and asked if your firm would be interested in providing assurance on the information required. Required: a) As the Audit Partner, justify the need for any provisions in respect of toxic emission fines. (4 marks) b) What audit procedures are you required to perform to determine the most appropriate treatment of both the new filter and the provision in the financial statements of Aluco and any possible worst case impact on your audit report? (10 marks) c) Identify SIX risks that your firm might have by agreeing to provide required assurance for Aluco’s application for a disposal licence. (6 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Going Concern Considerations and Audit Reporting

Outline factors raising concerns about going concern and how auditors should report findings.

During the audit of Darko Retail LTD, the audit team from Zalia Audit Firm observed that management has not performed a formal assessment of the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. It was noted that though the financial statements show a favourable financial position, the company has been facing liquidity issues and has not been able to secure funds for a significant loan due shortly after the balance sheet date.

Required:
i) Outline FOUR factors that can raise questions about the going concern of Darko Retail LTD in the absence of a formal assessment by management.

ii) Describe how the audit team should report their findings related to the going concern assumption in their auditor’s report if they conclude that a material uncertainty exists but is not adequately disclosed in the financial statements.

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q4 – Audit Reporting

Review the suitability of proposed audit opinions for four audit clients and suggest necessary modifications.

You are the manager responsible for four audit clients of Globe & Co, a firm of Chartered Accountants. The year-end in each case is June 30, 2015.
You are currently reviewing the audit working paper files and the audit seniors’ recommendations for the auditors’ reports. Details are as follows:

a. Red Co. Limited is a subsidiary of Yellow Holdings Plc. Serious going concern problems have been noted during this year’s audit. Red will be unable to trade for the foreseeable future unless it continues to receive financial support from the parent company. Red has received a letter of support (‘comfort letter’) from Yellow Holdings Plc.
The audit senior has suggested that due to the seriousness of the situation, the audit opinion must at least be qualified ‘except for’. (5 Marks)

b. Edo Co Plc has changed its accounting policy for goodwill during the year from amortisation over its estimated useful life to annual impairment testing. No disclosure of this change has been given in the financial statements. The carrying amount of goodwill in the statement of financial position as at June 30, 2015, is the same as at June 30, 2014, as management’s impairment test shows that it is not impaired.
The audit senior has concluded that a modification to the opinion is not required but suggests that attention can be drawn to the change by way of an emphasis of matter paragraph. (6 Marks)

c. The directors’ report of Prompt Co Limited states that investment property rental forms a major part of revenue. However, a note to the financial statements shows that property rental represents only 1.6% of total revenue for the year. The audit senior is satisfied that the revenue figures are correct.
The audit senior has noted that an unmodified opinion should be given as the audit opinion does not extend to the directors’ report. (4 Marks)

d. Audit work on the after-date bank transactions of Twinkle Co Limited has identified a transfer of cash from Star Co. Limited. The audit senior assigned to the audit of Twinkle has documented that Twinkle’s finance director explained that Star commenced trading on July 20, 2015, after being set up as a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary of Twinkle.
The audit senior has noted that although no other evidence has been obtained, an unmodified opinion is appropriate because the matter does not impact on the current year’s financial statements. (5 Marks)

Required:
For each situation, comment on the suitability or otherwise of the audit senior’s proposals for the auditors’ reports. Where you disagree, indicate what audit report modification (if any) should be given instead.

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Audit Reporting

Evaluate criteria and communication of Key Audit Matters, including actions if none exist.

Romeo and Juliet Plc is an indigenous company incorporated on March 5, 2012. The entity operates in the oil sector of the economy, which has experienced severe income decline over the past years. The global oil prices hit a record low of about $28 per barrel in 2019 and 2020, further plunging the company and the industry into a downward slide in income generation. The company is also affected by foreign exchange difficulties faced by most companies in the country resulting from increased regulation of foreign exchange. Regular cases of oil theft, pipeline vandalism, and insecurity have also affected the operations of major international oil companies, which are the entity’s major customers. As a result of the above, the company recorded the following in its books of account:

  1. Financial losses: The company has made consistent losses from the financial year ended December 31, 2017, to date.
  2. Current liability position: The company’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets.
  3. Negative net operating cash position: The company has maintained a negative net operating cash position from December 31, 2017, to date.

Furthermore, the company’s performance has worsened as a result of a decrease in sales and an increase in expenses.

The largest proportion of the current liabilities is the intercompany borrowings, which accounted for 62% (2020 – 45%) of the total current liability balance. The borrowings stood at N1.5 billion, N1.6 billion, and N2 billion for the financial years ended December 31, 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The finance costs in relation to the borrowings stood at N230 million in the year ended December 31, 2021 (2020- N214 million).

The company has currently defaulted on a number of its contractual obligations with its directors, and there was no directors’ remuneration in the current year due to its continuous loss-making position.

At the pre-audit meeting with management of Romeo and Juliet Plc, your firm (the auditors) were informed that, in the year, the company was involved in a business combination with another oil company. To pay for the cost of acquisition, an additional intercompany loan was obtained because of the poor financial position of the company. In addition, the company’s major investment in an associated company was disposed of. The business acquisition proposal has all necessary regulatory approvals. It was approved at the meeting of the directors and annual general meeting of the company in the previous year and disclosed in the company’s prior year financial statements as business matters.

After the meeting with management, you have started the preparation for the year-end audit, and in compliance with regulatory requirements and auditing standards, a Key Audit Matter should be inserted on the opinion page.

Required:

(a) Evaluate the criteria that will help the engagement team determine what qualifies as a matter requiring significant auditor’s attention and can be classified as a Key Audit Matter. (8 Marks)

(b) Discuss the factors that will determine matters of most significance to be communicated to those charged with governance. (10 Marks)

(c) Discuss the criteria for what must be included in the description of a Key Audit Matter on the audit opinion. (6 Marks)

(d) Evaluate what should be done, assuming that you have determined that there are no Key Audit Matters to be reported in the above scenario. (6 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Evaluate significant audit issues related to fraud by the MD/CEO, disclosure of discontinued operations, and audit responsibilities for internet banking.

Havana Bank Plc was listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in February 2015. There was an initial public offer in the same period with proceeds of N5 billion. Part of the proceeds was expected to be utilized to strengthen the bank’s internet banking facility.

In November of the same year, the Managing Director/Chief Executive Officer (MD/CEO) proceeded on a three-week vacation to the United Kingdom but did not return at the time of concluding the audit of the 2015 financial statements early in 2016. It was observed that the MD/CEO had absconded with documents relating to the public offer. It was also noted that he kept drawing cash whilst in the United Kingdom amounting to N922 million.

The Bank closed its Gambian operations in June 2015 because it had made losses for two consecutive years. Prior to the two years before the closure, the operations in Gambia had grown into a network of five branches, contributing 15 percent of the gross income and 9.5 percent of the net profits of the group. The closure was not disclosed in the financial statements, but reference was made to the closure in the directors’ report.

As the Audit Manager in the firm of Chartered Accountants that audits Havana Bank Plc, you are required to:
a. Identify and explain the significant audit matters you will consider in forming an opinion in relation to the missing documents and the cash drawings by the absconded MD/CEO. (10 Marks)
b. Analyse and evaluate your views on the non-inclusion of the discontinued Gambian operations in the financial statements. (10 Marks)
c. Explain FIVE duties, as an auditor, in relation to the bank’s internet banking. (10 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q3a – Audit Reporting

Discuss forming an appropriate opinion due to scope limitations and evaluate drafted audit report extracts.

You are the Manager-in-charge of the audit of Moonshine Limited. Your auditor’s report for the financial year ended December 31, 2019, was signed without modification in February 2020. The scope of the audit for the year ended December 31, 2020, has been limited because the company’s Chief Executive Officer fled the country in April 2020, taking the accounting records with him.

You have identified a valuable training opportunity for Richard, a member of your audit team. As a training exercise, you have asked Richard to draft the extracts for the basis of opinion and opinion paragraphs that may not be standard wording in an unmodified auditor’s report.

Richard’s draft extracts were produced as follows:

  • Basis of Opinion (extract)
    “However, the evidence available to us was limited because accounting records were missing from early in the year and it was not possible to reconstruct them completely.”
  • Opinion (extract)
    “Because of the possible effect of the limitations in the information available to us, we do not express an opinion on the financial statements.”

Required:

  1. Discuss the principal matters relevant to forming an appropriate opinion on the financial statements of Moonshine for the year ended December 31, 2020. (8 Marks)
  2. Evaluate the suitability of Richard’s draft extracts. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q4 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Assessing a company's ability to continue as a going concern and forming an audit opinion on material uncertainties

You are an audit senior in a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are about to commence work on the audit of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited, a family-owned and managed limited liability company. You have been informed by a business contact that the company has not been trading very successfully and is having difficulties with its bankers. However, you are not aware of any specific details.

The Engagement Manager on the audit is also aware of this information and is concerned about the ability of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited to continue in business for the foreseeable future. He has asked you to visit the company to ascertain the current state of affairs.

Required:

a. Prepare a list of questions that you would wish to ask and details of any information that you would wish to obtain from the Finance Director of B & Z Pharmaceuticals Limited, to enable you to identify indicators and assess the ability of the company to continue as a going concern. (16 Marks)

b. Explain briefly the audit opinion that you would give, assuming you concluded, after carrying out appropriate audit procedures, that there was a material uncertainty regarding the ability of the company to continue in business and management has included appropriate disclosures in the financial statements. (You are not required to draft the audit report). (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3 – Audit Reporting

Assess material and pervasive effects on financial statements, audit procedures, and draft audit report opinion paragraphs for Tophem Bank’s foreign associate investment.

Tophem Bank Nigeria Plc has been operational for 20 years, with your firm auditing the company for the past five years. During the year, Tophem acquired an investment in Accra Insurance Limited, a foreign associate, which is accounted for using the equity method and listed at ₦575 million on the Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2016. Tophem’s income for the year includes its share of Accra’s net income. However, the audit team was denied access to Accra’s management, auditors, and financial data.

Following a review of the audit file for the year ended December 31, 2016, your partner has recommended a modified opinion for the audit report, providing a draft outline and requesting your input to complete it.

Requirements:
a. Evaluate the circumstances under which a matter could be both material and pervasive in its effect on the financial statements.

(4 Marks)
b. Explain EIGHT appropriate procedures to follow in the audit assignment before finalizing the audit opinion.

(8 Marks)
c. Draft an appropriate basis of opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)
d. Draft an appropriate opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7a – Audit Evidence

Identify additional information needed to determine the audit opinion for Musky Fresh Ltd following supplier difficulties.

Musky Fresh Limited has been in existence, for a number of years, importing perfume. The managing director had built up the business using contacts he already had in the industry. The company imports only one brand of perfume which is manufactured exclusively by one company. The perfume is distributed via ‘shops within shops’ at 20 branches of a well-known store. Under this agreement, Musky Fresh Limited pays a percentage of its takings to the store, with a minimum annual payment of N100,000 per store.

The audit is nearing completion, but you have just heard that the Arabian manufacturer is facing serious financial difficulties, and that supplies have ceased.

Required:

a. Set out the further information the auditor would require before reaching his audit opinion. (6 Marks)

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