i) Resignation:

• Regulatory: The auditor must comply with regulatory requirements, such as informing the appropriate authorities and providing reasons for resignation, as per the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992).
• Ethical: The auditor must maintain confidentiality, avoid actions that damage the entity’s reputation or their own, and should not resign to avoid issuing an unfavorable opinion or for personal gain.

ii) Retirement:

• Regulatory: Upon retirement, the auditor must inform authorities and ensure that a successor auditor is appointed, per the requirements of the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992).
• Ethical: The auditor must act with integrity, avoiding any conflicts of interest or compromise to their independence and objectivity. Retirement should not be used as a strategy to avoid issuing an unfavorable opinion.

iii) Dismissal/Removal:

• Regulatory: In Ghana, a resolution to remove an auditor is effective only if it is passed at an annual general meeting, preceded by appropriate notice to both the company and the auditor (35 days before the meeting, 21 days before members’ notification). The auditor has the right to speak on the resolution at the meeting.
• Ethical: The auditor must ensure confidentiality, and dismissal should not be accepted to avoid modifying their opinion without proper justification. Dismissal for refusing to alter an opinion would violate professional ethics.