i) Public Accountability is the ability to call public officials to answer for their actions and inactions and to show evidence that public funds are utilized for public interest.

ii) Mechanisms for ensuring public accountability include:

• Disclosure: Making information available to stakeholders.
• Organisational structure: Clearly defining the authority and responsibilities of individual office holders.
• Reporting: Providing financial, administrative, and other relevant reports to government and stakeholders.
• Transparency – making information available and openness of
  information at no or low cost to stakeholders;
• Predictability – adherence to law and regulations that are clear and known
  in advance, uniformly and effectively enforced.