Subject: PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING & FINANCE (PSAF)

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5c – Functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority

Explains four functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority (SIGA) in overseeing state entities.

Question

The Nine Hundred and Ninetieth Act of the Parliament of the Republic of Ghana entitled the State Interests and Governance Authority Act, 2019 was established to oversee and administer state interests in state-owned enterprises, joint venture companies, and other state entities and to provide for related matters.

Required:

Explain FOUR functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority (SIGA).

Answer

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Topic: Public expenditure and financial accountability framework
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Nolan’s Principles of Public Life

Explains four of Nolan’s Seven Principles of Public Life, which guide ethical behavior in public office.

Question

Nolan’s Seven Principles of Public Life serve as guidelines for ethical behavior in public service. They are not typically enforceable through direct legal actions; instead, they often operate as moral and professional standards shaping the behavior of individuals in public office.

Required:

Explain FOUR of these principles.

Answer

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Tags: Accountability, Integrity, Leadership, Nolan’s Principles, Professionalism, Public Ethics, Public Governance, Public Service, Selflessness
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public expenditure and financial accountability framework
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Public Financial Management Regulations

Explains the provisions in PFM Regulation 2019 for a Principal Spending Officer in the payment process and differentiates between misapplication and misappropriation of funds.

Question

a) The Public Financial Management Regulation makes the Principal Spending Officer (PSO) personally responsible for all payments of the covered entity. To mitigate possible risk exposure of the PSO during the payment process, the regulations provide guidance to assist approving authorities before signing off any payment.

In recent times, the Auditor-General has faulted PSOs for infractions such as misapplication of funds, misappropriation of funds, and partially accounted payments among others. Similar observations were cited in the 2023 Management Letter of Nipa Ye Municipal Assembly.

Required:

i) With reference to the PFM Regulation 2019, LI 2378, explain the provisions available to the PSO in the payment process before approval.

ii) Distinguish between misapplication of funds and misappropriation of funds as used by the Auditor-General with an example each.

Answer

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Topic: Public expenditure and financial accountability framework
Series: Nov 2024

PSA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4c – Events After the Reporting Date

Explanation of events occurring after the reporting date and their impact on financial statements.

Question

Explain THREE limitations of ratio analysis

Answer

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Tags: Adjusting Events, Events After Reporting Date, Financial Statements, Non-adjusting Events
Level: Level 2

Topic: General purpose financial reporting framework
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

Explanation of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework and its application.

Question

Based on your results in (a), write a report to the newly appointed board analyzing and indicating whether their performance is better in comparison with the old board.

Answer

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Tags: Accountability, Budgeting, Compliance, Financial Reporting, Public Expenditure
Level: Level 2

Topic: Financial Statements Discussion and Analysis
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Financial Ratio Analysis

Compute financial ratios for Ghana Wind Farms LTD to analyze performance trends.

Question

Ghana Wind Farms LTD, a State-Owned Enterprise (SOE), has appointed a new Board of Directors in January 2023. The new Board, after settling for a year, is interested in assessing their performance for the year 2023 against the performance of the previous Board in the year 2022 through ratio analysis. Below is the financial statement of Ghana Wind Farms LTD for the two years.

Ghana Wind Farms LTD

Statement of Profit or Loss for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

	2023 (GH¢)	2022 (GH¢)
Revenue	9,860,000	6,218,000
Direct Cost	(5,905,000)	(5,822,000)
Gross Profit	3,955,000	396,000
Distribution Costs	(297,000)	(264,000)
Administrative Expenses	(505,000)	(455,000)
Other Income	236,000	13,000
Other Gains	–	1,482,000
Operating Profit	3,389,000	1,172,000
Finance Cost	(1,000,000)	(334,000)
Profit Before Tax Expense	2,389,000	838,000
Tax Expense	(500,000)	(144,000)
Profit After Tax	1,889,000	694,000

Ghana Wind Farms LTD

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

	2023 (GH¢)	2022 (GH¢)
ASSETS
Non-Current Assets
Property, Plant & Equipment	17,000,000	15,000,000
Investment	5,000	2,000
Advances & Loans	–	30,000
Total Non-Current Assets	17,005,000	15,032,000
Current Assets
Inventories	687,000	546,000
Trade and Other Receivables	2,829,000	1,978,000
Prepayments	87,000	42,000
Cash and Cash Equivalents	383,000	434,000
Total Current Assets	3,986,000	3,000,000
TOTAL ASSETS	20,991,000	18,032,000
EQUITY & LIABILITIES
Equity
Government Equity	8,000	8,000
Other Government Equity	613,000	306,000
Capital Surplus	8,471,000	7,599,000
Income Surplus	(1,434,000)	478,000
Total Equity	7,970,000	8,697,000
Non-Current Liabilities
Deferred Credit	6,692,000	670,000
Deferred Tax Liabilities	2,498,000	2,572,000
Borrowings (Due After One Year)	1,297,000	950,000
Total Non-Current Liabilities	10,487,000	4,192,000
Current Liabilities
Bank Overdraft	166,000	180,000
Provision for Company Tax	109,000	109,000
Trade and Other Payables	1,820,000	4,516,000
Borrowings (Due Within One Year)	439,000	338,000
Total Current Liabilities	2,534,000	5,143,000
Total Liabilities	13,021,000	9,335,000
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES	20,991,000	18,032,000

Required:

a) Compute the following ratios:

i) Current Ratio
ii) Quick Ratio
iii) Inventory Turnover (Days)
iv) Trade Receivable Collection Period (Days)
v) Trade Payables Period (Days)
vi) Working Capital Cycle
vii) Interest Cover Ratio
viii) Total Debt – Total Asset Ratio

Answer

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Tags: Efficiency, Financial Performance, Liquidity, Ratio Analysis, Solvency
Level: Level 2

Topic: Financial Statements Discussion and Analysis
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment

Evaluate the financial performance of a local government based on PEFA assessment results and recommend strategies for improvement.

Question

Accounting and reporting constitute a key pillar of an organised and transparent public financial management system in the public sector. The effectiveness of accounting and reporting reflects the integrity of financial data, the accuracy of in-year budget reports, and the quality of annual financial statements. In a recent Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment, a local government had the following results:

Annual financial reporting: D
In-year budget report: D+
Financial data integrity: C

Required:
i) Explain the assessment performance to the Municipal Chief Executive of the local government.
ii) Recommend two strategies for improving the performance of the local government in each of the assessed areas.

Answer

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Tags: Budget Reporting, Data Integrity, EFA, financial assessment, Financial Reporting, Local Government
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public expenditure and financial accountability framework
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Public Financial Management Cycle

Explaining objectives and improvements in public financial management systems.

Question

As part of efforts to improve public financial management, the government has engaged experts to evaluate the entire public financial management cycle. The review report indicates that every component of the cycle is malfunctioning and emphasizes the need for a stronger commitment to building a robust system to achieve the desired outcomes.

Required:

i) Explain THREE key objectives of an orderly and open public financial management system.

ii) Recommend TWO ways of enhancing each stage of the public financial management cycle towards the attainment of desired outcomes.

Answer

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Tags: Budget Planning, Financial Oversight, Fiscal Efficiency, Government Expenditure, Public Financial Management
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Related Party Transactions and Disclosures

Explains related party transactions and their implications under IPSAS 20.

Question

You are the Director of Finance at the Ghana Water Development Authority, an entity under the Ministry of Forestry and Water. The Authority has a five-member Board chaired by the daughter of the Sector Minister. The Chief Executive Officer of the Authority has just been appointed by Government for an initial term of four years.

The Chairperson of the board runs boutique services. The Authority buys a lot of presents from this boutique whenever they are confronted with the need to give out presents to any high-profile person. The Chairperson has made a request to the Authority to finance her boutique services with an amount of GH¢546,000 to enable her business to pay some urgent bills. No terms or conditions were provided in the request. Such an assistance from a financial institution would attract the current prevailing bank interest on loans at a rate of 35% per annum. Recently, another member of the Board contracted a loan from the Bank for her child’s university entrance fees at that rate.

Management of the Authority indicated that the amount was not significant to the Authority and has been approved by the Head of the entity and the Chief Director. The approved document has been handed over to you for payment. Considering the PFM Laws and IPSAS, you engaged the Chief Director about the request, but you were directed to go ahead and pay and use the appropriate accounting treatment in such circumstances. You accordingly raised the necessary documentation and effected the payment.

Required:

In relation to IPSAS 20: Related Party Disclosures:

i) Explain the implications of this transaction on the Authority and state how you would account for this transaction in the financial statements of the entity.

ii) State SIX situations where related party transactions may lead to disclosures by a reporting entity.

iii) Explain TWO reasons for disclosing related party transactions/relations.

Answer

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Tags: Conflict of Interest, Financial Disclosure, Governance, IPSAS 20, Related Party Transactions, Transparency
Level: Level 2

Topic: International public sector accounting standards
Series: Nov 2024

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Valuation of Legacy Fixed Assets

Valuation and accounting treatment of legacy fixed assets in compliance with IPSAS.

Question

The Ministry of Indigenous Enterprises has been charged to collect legacy fixed assets data and value them in accordance with International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS). The Fixed Assets Coordinating Unit (FACU) of the Ministry has collected for valuation the following data for your action:

The Ministry owns a four (4) storey Office Administration block. The average cost per floor is GH¢4,741,256.25. The building was constructed on a land size of 20 plots of land owned by the Ministry. Currently, a plot of land in that area costs GH¢2,500,000. The FACU has measured the sizes of the building as follows:

Length: 87.5 meters
Width: 42.65 meters
Reference Price per Square Meter: GH¢4,432

However, a professional body, the Institute of Architects and Engineers, has given the reference price for the cost of such an office building at an estimated price of GH¢87,965,025. The building has not seen any further facelift ever since. However, a fence wall with a gate to enforce security and secure the land has just been completed in the current year at a cost of GH¢8,970,000 with a lifespan of 50 years.

The year of construction of the office building could not be determined, yet an old watchman who had been there for ages remembers that the building was constructed some 42 years ago, a time when his seventh child was born. It is the decision of the Government of Ghana on the adoption of IPSAS not to take advantage of the three-year exemption period but to account for legacy fixed assets by taking 60% of the reference cost of the legacy assets as the deemed cost, with a reduced lifespan of 30 years.

Required:

i) Calculate the cost of the land and buildings with structures to be brought into the books on the adoption of IPSAS and determine the depreciation chargeable in the first year in respect of these assets. ii) Show the extract of Statement of Financial Position of the Ministry of Indigenous
Enterprises as at that date

Answer

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Tags: Depreciation, Financial Statements, Fixed Assets, IPSAS, Public Sector, Valuation
Level: Level 2

PSAF – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Regulatory and Institutional Framework

Lists four required documents that must accompany the appropriation bill for National Assembly submission.

Question

Enumerate FOUR of the documents that must accompany the appropriation bill when the President is making submission to the National Assembly. (8 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Appropriation Bill, Budget Documentation, Fiscal Targets, National Assembly
Level: Level 2

Topic: Regulatory and Institutional Framework

PSF – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Assess expected profit, completion stage, and financial statement recognition for a government contract under IPSAS.

Question

Housing-for-all Corporation is an entity established by Kazua State to engage in building construction. The corporation is partly financed with subvention from the State and also from the proceeds from its operations. It applied for a bid to construct twenty (20) classroom buildings in the riverine area of the state. After all the initial procurement processes on bid-opening were carried out, the corporation won the contract in June 2018. The contract price was N220m. The building construction contract was billed for completion in two years. The company uses stages of completion on the basis of value of work completed. The following financial data were available in respect of the contract as at December 31, 2019:

Description	Amount (N’000)
Total contract price	220,000
Total expected costs	180,000
Costs incurred to date	120,000
Value of work certified as complete	140,000
Amount billed to client (Kazua State)	130,000
Progress payment received from client	100,000

The contract was duly completed in June 2020.

Required:

a. Determine the expected profit of the contract, stage of completion in percentage, as well as the amount to be recognized in Housing-for-all Corporation’s income statement at December 31, 2019. (11 Marks)

b. Calculate the amount to be recognized as gross amount due to or from the client, Kazua State, the amount of trade receivable, and prepare extracts of financial statements in respect of the construction contracts at December 31, 2019. (13 Marks)

c. Identify what constitutes the composition of contract costs as contained in IPSAS 11. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Construction Contracts, Financial Statements, IPSAS 11, Public Sector Projects, Revenue Recognition
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public Sector Financial Statements

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q7 – Public Sector Reforms

Advising on investment projects based on expected returns and understanding cost-benefit analysis features in public project appraisal.

Question

a. Mr. Make-No-Mistake has N200,000 which he decides to invest if he can secure an assurance that the investment will earn at least 10% p.a. He is considering three projects:

Project A: Will earn N218,000 at the end of the 1st year.
Project B: Will earn N250,000 at the end of the 2nd year.
Project C: Will earn N140,000 at the end of 1st year and another N100,000 at the end of 2nd year.

If none of the projects is undertaken, Mr. Make-No-Mistake will invest his N200,000 in something else that will earn him 10% p.a.

You are required to assess and advise Mr. Make-No-Mistake on which of the projects he should undertake. (12 Marks)

b. Identify THREE main features of Cost-Benefit Analysis in public project appraisal. (3 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Cost-benefit analysis, Investment Assessment, Project evaluation, Public Project Appraisal
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public Sector Reforms

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q6 – Public Sector Reforms

Comparison of domestic vs. external public debts and proposing debt restructuring for Nigeria.

Question

Nigeria has contracted a number of debts obligations from both domestic and external sources.

a. What comparisons can you make between domestic and external public debts?
(9 Marks)

b. Formulate a debt restructuring method as a strategy for debts management in Nigeria.
(6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Debt Restructuring, Domestic Debt, External Debt, Financial management, Public Debt, Treasury Management
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public Sector Reforms

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q5 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Market Failure, Public Goods, Economic Intervention, Developing Economies, Nigeria, Government Intervention

Question

The need for governmental intervention in the economy is justified on the basis of market failure and public goods provision.”

Required:

a. Explain the concept of market failure and public goods. (5 Marks)

b. What conclusions can you draw from the foregoing statement in the context of a developing nation like Nigeria? (10 Marks)

Answer

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Topic: Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Explanation of reporting vs. authorization dates, and types of events after reporting date with treatment examples.

Question

The General National Communication Commission (GNCC) is the sub-regulatory body in the Communications industry. It is mandatory for the Board of GNCC to submit its Report/Financial statements to the Ministry of Communication before publication in accordance with IPSAS 14 (Events after the reporting date). The events occurring after the reporting date could be favourable and/or unfavourable.

You are required to:

a. Distinguish between the reporting date and authorization date of the financial statements, giving examples. (4 Marks)

b. Explain briefly the differences between Adjusting and Non-Adjusting events after the reporting date, giving TWO examples of each. (8 Marks)

c. Identify the events (occurring after the reporting date) in the following situations and explain briefly the treatment of each:

i. General National Communication Commission carries its inventories at the lower of cost and net realizable value. At 31 December 2013, the cost of inventory determined under the First In, First Out (FIFO) method as reported in its financial statement for the year ended was N5 million. Due to severe recession and negative economic trends, the inventory could not be sold in January 2014. On 10 February, GNCC entered into an agreement to sell the entire inventory for N3 million. (2 Marks)

ii. The statutory audit of GNCC for the year ended 31 December 2012 was completed on 28 February 2013. The Financial Statement was signed by the Chief Executive Officer on 8 March 2013 and approved on 10 April 2013. The following events have since occurred:

A special equipment costing N605,000 purchased on 1 September, 2012
was destroyed by fire on 31 December, 2012. GNCC had booked a
receivable of N508,000 from the insurance company in respect of this
claim. On completion of investigation by the insurance company, it was
discovered that the fire broke out due to negligence on the part of a
machine operator. Consequently, the insurance company repudiated
liability.

iii. A debtor owing N900,000 filed for bankruptcy on January 15, 2013. The financial statements had included an allowance for doubtful debts relating to this debtor for N60,000 only. (2 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Adjusting Events, Financial Statement Authorization, IPSAS 14, Non-adjusting Events, Reporting Date
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public Sector Financial Statements

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Public Sector Audit

Explanation of financial fraud types and calculation of revenue loss within EFCC operations.

Question

Fraud is described as an intentional act involving deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. It involves the presentation of a statement or representation made recklessly or without the belief in the truth or suppression of facts.

The Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) is a criminal investigation organisation in charge of investigating financial crimes involving politicians, economic saboteurs, and electoral fraudsters. EFCC’s “modus operandi” is such that any suspect or ‘accused’ must deposit all his money and other belongings with the exhibit section headed by Mr. Oripipe, a cashier, who is expected to pay all cash receipts collected by him to the Banking officer. The banking officer issues a revenue receipt to the Cashier.

Mrs. Innocent, the resident auditor, conducted a physical cash survey and discovered that the total amount on the duplicate receipt book with the banking officer is N4,550,000, which does not agree with the actual cash paid in. It was suspected that the organisation has been defrauded.

The following information relates to the deposits collected from January to December 2013:

Cash from Honourable Talaka: N12,500
Cash from a container with five suitcases, each containing N250,000: N1,250,000
Cash recovered from Anine, a criminal that raided Ifako bank: N4,000,000
Cash sales of impounded lace: N425,000
Five boxes containing consumable items earlier disposed of for N16,000, mistakenly kept in Mr. Oripipe’s drawer, were later discovered by the auditor.
On investigation, it was discovered that the banking officer was illegally removing N500 from every N2,500 paid to him by the cashier.

Required:

a. Explain briefly FOUR types of financial fraud. (4 Marks)

b. Prepare the correct statement of deposits from detainees as it should be in Mr. Oripipe’s records and identify the shortfall due to his negligence. (10 Marks)

c. Calculate the amount of cash lost by the government as a result of the fraud. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Cash Handling, EFCC Operations, Financial Control, Fraud Detection, Fraud Prevention, Public Sector Audit
Level: Level 2

Topic: Public Sector Auditing

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q2 – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Examination of government budgeting purposes, budget types, and factors affecting budget implementation in Nigeria.

Question

In all Government units, the executive arm prepares the budget and submits the same to the legislative arm for review, modifications, and approval. The approved budget serves as a basis for the activities of that government unit for the fiscal year under focus.

Required:

a. Explain any TWO main purposes which a government budget serves. (2 Marks)
b. Explain any THREE basic features of each of the following budget concepts:

i. Performance budgeting. (6 Marks)
ii. Zero-based budgeting. (6 Marks)

c. Nigeria is said to be low in budget implementation. Discuss any THREE key factors that negate efficient and effective budget implementation in the Nigerian public sector. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Budget Efficiency, Budget Implementation, Government Budget, Nigerian Public Sector, Performance Budgeting, Zero-Based Budgeting
Level: Level 2

Topic: The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q1 – Government Revenue

Calculation and distribution of revenue collected by Olakoma Federation across federal, state, and local levels.

Question

Eboda State is one of the 30 states in the Olakoma Federation. The Federation has a population of 120 million people with 700 local government councils and a land mass of 300,000 sq kilometers.

Eboda State has a population of 12 million, 25 local government councils, and a land mass of 30,000 sq kilometers.

The following transactions took place in the Office of the Accountant-General of Olakoma Federation during the year ended December 31, 2013:

Revenue Source	Amount (N’ Million)
Crude oil sale	350,000
Domestic oil receipts	445,000
Miscellaneous oil receipts	105,000
Royalty on crude oil	101,000
Royalty on gas	95,000
Rentals on oil field	87,000
Gas flared penalty	77,000
Petroleum profit tax	650,000
Companies income tax	500,000
Other non-oil taxes	225,000
Import duties	255,000
Export duties	125,000
Excise duties	320,000
Custom penalty charge	115,000
Custom fees account	120,000
Common external tariff levy	100,000
Court fees	30,000
PAYE of armed forces	55,000
7% Port levy	25,000
Value Added Tax (VAT)	700,000

Additional Information:

The Olakoma Customs Service is entitled to 7% cost of collection on all revenues collected, while the Federal Inland Revenue Service is entitled to 4% of non-oil revenue.
The sharing formula for the Federation Account and VAT is as follows:

Category Federation Account VAT

Federal Government 52.68% 15%

State Governments 26.72% 50%

Local Governments 20.60% 35%
A 13% derivation is paid to oil-producing states, based on oil and gas-related income.
The sharing ratio in (ii) above is based on the following criteria:

Category State Local Government

Equity 40% 40%

Population 30% 30%

Land Mass 20% 20%

Internally Generated Revenue Effort 10% 10%
The total internally generated revenue effort of the 30 states and 700 local government councils amounted to N500 billion and N300 billion, respectively.
The total internally generated revenue effort of Eboda State and its 25 local governments amounted to N50 billion and N20 billion, respectively. Eboda State is not one of the oil-producing states.
All revenues due to all local governments in each state are paid to the State Joint Local Government Account. This account is entitled to 10% of the Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) of the state.

Category	Federation Account	VAT
Federal Government	52.68%	15%
State Governments	26.72%	50%
Local Governments	20.60%	35%

Category	State	Local Government
Equity	40%	40%
Population	30%	30%
Land Mass	20%	20%
Internally Generated Revenue Effort	10%	10%

Required:

a. State the differences between the Federation Account and the Consolidated Revenue Account. (4 Marks)

b. Calculate:

i. Olakoma Custom Service’s cost of collection. (3 Marks)
ii. Federal Inland Revenue Service’s cost of collection. (2 Marks)
iii. The 13% derivation paid to oil-producing states. (3 Marks)

c. Calculate the amount to be credited to:

i. Consolidated Revenue Fund of Olakoma Federal Government. (6 Marks)
ii. Eboda State Consolidated Revenue Fund Account. (6 Marks)
iii. State Joint Local Government Account. (6 Marks)

(Show workings)

Answer

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Tags: Allocation Formulas, Consolidated Revenue Fund, Cost of Collection, Federation Account, Government Revenue, Revenue Allocation, State Revenue
Level: Level 2

Topic: Government Revenue

PSAF – May 2021 – L2 – Q6b – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Explanation of budget uses and steps for National Chart of Accounts application in public budgeting.

Question

The importance of classification code as a system driven for budget cannot
be over emphasised as it forms the basis for budgeting and budgetary
control mechanism. Thus, for a country, state or local government to
achieve a reasonable level of success in accountability, transparency,
performance evaluation and adherence to Appropriation Act, the
application of unified chart of accounts is paramount.

Required:

Discuss FOUR uses of budget and FOUR steps to be followed to ensure completeness of using the National Chart of Accounts for budgeting.

Answer

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Tags: Accountability, Budget Classification, Budget Completeness, Chart of Accounts, Transparency
Level: Level 2

Topic: The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector
Series: MAY 2021

Subject: PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING & FINANCE (PSAF)

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5c – Functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority

Explains four functions of the State Interests and Governance Authority (SIGA) in overseeing state entities.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Nolan’s Principles of Public Life

Explains four of Nolan’s Seven Principles of Public Life, which guide ethical behavior in public office.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Public Financial Management Regulations

Explains the provisions in PFM Regulation 2019 for a Principal Spending Officer in the payment process and differentiates between misapplication and misappropriation of funds.

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PSA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4c – Events After the Reporting Date

Explanation of events occurring after the reporting date and their impact on financial statements.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

Explanation of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework and its application.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Financial Ratio Analysis

Compute financial ratios for Ghana Wind Farms LTD to analyze performance trends.

Ghana Wind Farms LTD

Statement of Profit or Loss for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

Ghana Wind Farms LTD

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 December 2023

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment

Evaluate the financial performance of a local government based on PEFA assessment results and recommend strategies for improvement.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Public Financial Management Cycle

Explaining objectives and improvements in public financial management systems.

Required:

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Related Party Transactions and Disclosures

Explains related party transactions and their implications under IPSAS 20.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Valuation of Legacy Fixed Assets

Valuation and accounting treatment of legacy fixed assets in compliance with IPSAS.

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PSAF – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Regulatory and Institutional Framework

Lists four required documents that must accompany the appropriation bill for National Assembly submission.

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PSF – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Assess expected profit, completion stage, and financial statement recognition for a government contract under IPSAS.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q7 – Public Sector Reforms

Advising on investment projects based on expected returns and understanding cost-benefit analysis features in public project appraisal.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q6 – Public Sector Reforms

Comparison of domestic vs. external public debts and proposing debt restructuring for Nigeria.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q5 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Market Failure, Public Goods, Economic Intervention, Developing Economies, Nigeria, Government Intervention

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Explanation of reporting vs. authorization dates, and types of events after reporting date with treatment examples.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Public Sector Audit

Explanation of financial fraud types and calculation of revenue loss within EFCC operations.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q2 – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Examination of government budgeting purposes, budget types, and factors affecting budget implementation in Nigeria.

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PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q1 – Government Revenue

Calculation and distribution of revenue collected by Olakoma Federation across federal, state, and local levels.

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PSAF – May 2021 – L2 – Q6b – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Explanation of budget uses and steps for National Chart of Accounts application in public budgeting.

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