Subject: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

Search 500 + past questions and counting.

  • Filter by Professional Bodies

  • Filter by Subject

  • Filter by Series

  • Filter by Topics

  • Filter by Levels

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Decision making techniques

Determine whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy extra seating assemblies for scooters, considering costs and opportunity costs.

a) i)
Moree Engineers LTD (MEL) makes electrically-driven disability scooters aimed at elderly and/or disabled customers. At present, wheels and tyres are bought from external suppliers but all other parts are manufactured in-house. The scooters have a strong reputation due mainly to innovative designs, special power units that can be recharged at home and seats that enable easy access for a wide range of disabilities. MEL also sells power units to other firms.
Current monthly costs are as follows:

Seating Department Power Unit Department
Costs GH¢ GH¢
Direct Materials 9,300 4,140
Direct Labour 12,600 9,450
Apportioned overheads 26,700 17,200
48,600 30,790
Production level 60 units 90 units

The power unit department currently produces 90 units a month, 60 units are used in MEL’s own scooters while 30 units are sold externally at GH¢376 each.
A contract has been won to supply an additional 10 scooters per month. However, the directors are considering how best to meet the additional demand.
Sufficient capacity exists for the company to increase its monthly production to 70 scooters, except that making an extra 10 seating assemblies would require reallocation of labour and other resources from the power unit to the seating department. This would cut power unit output by 20 units per month.
The alternative course would be to buy 10 seating assemblies from an outside supplier and fit the 10 power units from the present production of 90 units. The cheapest quote for seating assemblies is GH¢610 per assembly.

Required:
Based on the figures given, show whether Moree Engineers LTD should make or buy the extra seats.

a) ii) Discuss FOUR other factors that should be considered before a final decision is taken to make or to buy the extra seats.

b) i). Bambo LTD produces three medical products namely, gloves, bandages and syringes. The budgeted sales in the coming year for the three products is GH¢4,530,000. The company accordingly projected GH¢750,000 post-tax profit on the three products for the period.
Detailed budgeted Cost and sales data for the coming year are as follows:

Gloves Bandages Syringes
Sales Volume (%) 40% 25% 35%
Variable cost to Sales ratio 60% 67.5% 54.5%

The fixed cost for Bambo LTD amounted to GH¢1,330,000.
Other information:
Corporate tax rate is 25%

Required:
Calculate margin of safety in percentage (%) terms.

b) ii) Calculate post-tax revenue to achieve the projected profit.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Decision making techniques"

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4 – Capital Budgeting

Evaluate two projects using benefit-cost ratio for GKIA with given financial data and 20% required rate of return.

a). GKIA, an Early Childhood Development Centre (ECDC) under Ghana’s Ministry of Health (MOH) has obtained funding from the Global Fund (GF) to implement targeted programmes in line with the vision of the GF. In GF’s recent grant releases, GKIA received an amount of GH¢2 million and has the option of spending the amount on any project provided it falls within any of the thematic areas specified by the GF.
Accordingly, GKIA is considering spending the funds on either of two projects. The first option involves the construction, equipping and full furnishing of a 30-bed paediatric unit for the Centre. The second option involves the refurbishment of all existing leisure and recreational facilities that the Centre currently operates. Both options qualify for funding under the thematic areas of the GF.
The information in the table below presents financial details of both options that GKIA is considering.

Option A: Paediatric Unit Option B: Leisure and recreational facilities
Initial capital outlay GH¢2 million GH¢2 million
Year Costs (GH¢) Benefits (GH¢) Costs (GH¢) Benefits (GH¢)
1 175,000 150,000 150,000 1,000,000
2 218,750 225,000 187,500 1,050,000
3 262,500 562,500 225,000 997,500
4 301,875 1,687,500 258,750 847,875
5 332,062.50 5,906,250 271,687.50 975,056.25

The required rate of return on any investment project undertaken by GKIA is 20%.

Required:
As the Management Accountant of GKIA, you are required to evaluate the acceptability of each project on the basis of benefit-cost ratio.

b). The term Value for Money (VFM) is synonymous with spending in the public sector, where it is expected that little resources should be used to generate the best possible output/outcome for the public good.

Required:
Explain the ‘three Es’ that public sector management accountants will need to take into consideration when making public spending decisions.

c). In the application of the controllability principle, identify the cost centre manager who is responsible for any adverse impact of labour on production. (provide three reasons to justify your answer).

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q4 – Capital Budgeting"

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Standard costing and variance analysis

Calculate sales volume variance for four distribution areas using a contribution income statement for Azumah Enterprise.

a) The data below relates to Azumah Enterprise for the month of August. The data relates to activities for his four areas of distribution in Accra.

Distribution Area Selling Price Per Unit (GHc) Standard Variable Cost Price Per Unit (GHc)
Awoshie (A) 120 80
Banana-Inn (B) 100 60
Cantonments (C) 80 45
Dansoman (D) 45 25

Sales Units Budgeted Actuals
Awoshie (A) 65,000 48,000
Banana-Inn (B) 45,000 55,000
Cantonments (C) 35,000 28,000
Dansoman (D) 25,000 28,000

Required:
Estimate the sales volume variance for each distribution area and in total for the month using a contribution income statement.

b) There are many models of evaluation available to a Management Accountant. Benchmarking is one of such models.

Required:

Under what circumstances would benchmarking be an effective model of evaluating performance?

c) IFAC describes Environmental Management Accounting as “The management of environmental and economic performance via management accounting systems and practices that focus on both physical information on the flow of energy, water, materials, and wastes, as well as monetary information on related costs, earnings and savings.” The above quotation shows the increasing relevance of Environmental Management Accounting.

Required:

Discuss with examples FOUR categories of environmental costs.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Standard costing and variance analysis"

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q2 – Budgetary control

Explain eight stages in the budgeting process for a manufacturing organization.

a) The preparation of budgets is a lengthy process which requires great care if the ultimate master budget is to be useful for the purposes of management control within an organisation. Required: Explain EIGHT stages involved in the budgeting process in a manufacturing organisation

b) Budgeting serves a number of useful purposes. They include planning annual operations, coordinating the activities of the various parts of the organisation, communicating plans to various responsibility centre managers among others. Notwithstanding these useful purposes, budgeting has been criticised for several reasons. Required: Identify FIVE criticisms of budgeting.

c) Despite the benefits of minimised inventory cost, waste elimination and quick turnaround time for customers, a lean production model is beset with inherent limitations. Required: Explain FOUR limitations to the efficient implementation of a lean production model in an organization.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q2 – Budgetary control"

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1 – Performance analysis

Analyze VAL's 2024 performance in financial, internal efficiency, and external effectiveness using provided data.

========== Question Title: MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1 – Performance analysis
Level: LEVEL 2
Professional Bodies: ICAG
Programs: PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM
Subjects: Management Accounting
Topics: Performance analysis, Financial performance, Internal efficiency, External effectiveness
Series: MARCH 2025
Total Marks: 20
Question Tags: Performance analysis, Financial performance, Internal efficiency, External effectiveness, Revenue calculation, Profitability, Customer satisfaction, Operational efficiency
Question Short Summary: Analyze VAL’s 2024 performance in financial, internal efficiency, and external effectiveness using provided data.

——————————————————————— Question:
QUESTION ONE
Vovome Advisory Limited (VAL) began trading three years ago, on 1 January 2022. It specialises in the provision of expert advice to clients in accountancy, taxation and regulatory compliance. It has a team of professional advisers, each specialising in one of these three areas of advice.
VAL has a target for delivering its services to clients promptly. From the time the client asks for advice, VAL undertakes to provide a formal report to the client within 10 working days.
The following information relates to the financial year ended 31 December 2024:
i) The professional advisers are budgeted to work 220 days each year. They charge GH₵1,400 per day to new clients and GH₵1,200 to established clients.
ii) As a marketing measure intended to win new business, the advisers also give consultations to potential clients on a ‘no fee’ basis. These consultations, which are budgeted to take one day each, are accounted for as business development costs in the marketing budget.
iii) The professional advisers are also required to attend some ‘workshops’ with new clients who are having difficulties with implementing the advice that they have been given by VAL. These workshops, which are also given on a ‘no fee’ basis, are budgeted to last two days.
iv) VAL also has a help desk to provide client support. It responds to telephone and e-mail enquiries from all new and established clients.
v) The team of professional advisers is exactly 50. It is a policy of VAL to limit the team to 50, regardless of the volume of demand for its services.
vi) All professional advisers are paid a salary of GH₵100,000 per year. In addition, they are entitled to share equally in an annual bonus. The bonus is 50% of the amount by which fee income generated exceeds budget minus the revenue forgone as a result of having to give workshops for clients. This revenue forgone is assessed at a notional daily rate of GH₵1,200 per adviser/day.
vii) Operating expenses of the business, excluding salaries of the advisers, were GH₵3,100,000 in 2024. The budget for these expenses was GH₵2,800,000.

Other information:

Budget 2024 Actual 2024
Professional advisers, by category
Accounting 15 10
Tax 20 20
Compliance 15 20
Enquiries about seeking new advice
New clients 2,600 2,200
Established clients 4,000 3,700
Number of chargeable client days
New clients 2,600 2,750
Established clients 5,100 5,500
Average client days per job 4 4
Mix of chargeable client days
Accounting 1,155 1,650
Tax 1,540 3,300
Compliance 1,155 3,300

The following are actual results for each of the three years 2022-2024

2022 2023 2024
Number of clients 160 248 347
Number of complaints from clients 50 75 95
Number of accounts in dispute 10 7 5
Support desk: Percentage of calls resolved 86% 94% 97%
Percentage of jobs completed within 10 days 90% 95% 98%
Average time to complete a job (days) 12.6 10.7 9.5
Chargeable client days 7,200 7,750 8,250
Number of consultations (business development) 50 100 150
Number of workshops given 110 135 165
Revenue (GH₵000) 8,920 9,740 ?
Net profit (GH₵000) 1,740 1,940 ?

Required:
Using the information provided, analyse and discuss the performance of VAL for the year ended 31 December 2024, under the following headings:
a) Financial performance and competitiveness;
b) Internal efficiency; and
c) External effectiveness.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1 – Performance analysis"

  • 4 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Profit Maximization and Batch Selection

Determination of the optimal number of printer batches to import and sell to maximize profit.

Awuah deals in online business, importing and selling printers. The cost of each set of printers varies depending on the number purchased, although printers can only be purchased in batches of 1,000 units. Awuah also has to pay import taxes which vary according to the quantity purchased. Awuah has already carried out some market research and identified that sales quantities are expected to vary depending on the price charged.

The following data has been established for the first month:

Number of Batches Imported and Sold Average Cost per Unit (Including Import Taxes) (GH¢) Total Fixed Costs per Month (GH¢) Expected Selling Price per Unit (GH¢)
1 10.00 10,000 20
2 8.80 10,000 18
3 7.80 12,000 16
4 6.40 12,000 13

Required:

Determine the number of batches of printers Awuah should import and sell to maximize profit.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Profit Maximization and Batch Selection"

  • 16 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Limiting Factor Decision and Profit Maximization

Determination of the optimum production plan considering scarce resources.

Manche produces two products from different quantities of the same resources using a just-in-time (JIT) production system. The selling price and resource requirements of each of the products are shown below:

Product C L
Unit Selling Price (GH¢) 130 160
Resources per Unit:
Direct Labour (GH¢8 per hour) 3 hours 5 hours
Material A (GH¢3 per kg) 5 kg 4 kg
Material B (GH¢7 per litre) 2 litres 1 litre
Machine Hours (GH¢10 per hour) 3 hours 4 hours
Fixed Overhead (GH¢8 per hour) 1 hour 1 hour

Market research shows that the maximum demand for products C and L during August 2024 is 500 units and 800 units respectively. This does not include an order that Manche has agreed with a commercial customer for the supply of 250 units of C and 350 units of L at selling prices of GH¢100 and GH¢135 per unit, respectively. Failure by Manche to deliver the order in full by the end of August will cause Manche to incur a GH¢5,000 financial penalty.

At a recent meeting between the Purchasing Manager and Production Manager to discuss the production plans of C and L for August, the following resource restrictions for the year were identified:

  • Direct Labour Hours: 90,000 hours
  • Machine Hours: 90,000 hours

The resource restrictions were evenly distributed throughout the year.

Required:

i) Prepare the optimum production plan for August 2024 using relevant computations. 
ii) Determine the contribution from adopting this plan. 
iii) Using relevant computations, show whether Manche should complete the order from the commercial customer assuming any excess labour hours for not making the contract can be used to produce 300 units of product ‘F’ with a contribution of GH¢55 per unit.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Limiting Factor Decision and Profit Maximization"

  • 5 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Standard Costing and Variance Investigation

Explanation of the use of standard costing in decision-making and key factors to consider before investigating variances.

Standard costing has been employed by organizations as a control technique to analyze the deviation of results from those that are expected.

Required:

i) Explain TWO ways managers have effectively deployed standard costing as a tool in decision-making analysis.

ii) Explain THREE key factors a manager should consider before deciding to institute an investigation into reported variances.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Standard Costing and Variance Investigation"

  • 15 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Public Sector Investment

Evaluation of a healthcare capital investment project using cost-benefit analysis.

The Faith Specialist Hospital (FSH) is a special government health facility under the Ghana Health Service (GHS) that provides specialized medical scans for complex health conditions. Management of FSH is planning to install an ultra-modern imaging machine that will improve the quality and accuracy of scans. The new installation will require an additional capital investment of GH¢420,000. The GHS policy on capital projects is that all new projects should achieve an internal rate of return of at least 30%.

Forecast demand for the services of this new machine over its five-year useful life are as follows:

Year Number of Scans
1 1,250
2 2,700
3 3,500
4 1,400
5 675

Projected charge per scan: GH¢650
Variable costs per scan:

  • Consumables: GH¢330
  • Labour and overheads: GH¢176

Operating fixed costs per year: GH¢264,000 (includes depreciation on a straight-line basis)

Apart from the financial forecasts above, it is also envisaged that the project will produce non-financial benefits in several forms. Although it is hard to place a precise value on this, expert opinion suggests that this could approximate GH¢70,000 per annum.

Required:

i) Using cost-benefit analysis (CBA) computations, evaluate if the project should be undertaken.

ii) Enumerate TWO limitations of evaluating projects in the public sector.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4a – Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Public Sector Investment"

  • 5 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the Service Sector

Assessment of ABC's applicability in the service sector and identification of four units in healthcare where it can be applied.

In their effort to build equitable, resilient, and sustainable systems for health, both The Global Fund and Gavi have approached you on the implementation of ABC systems to improve their customer profitability analysis.

Required:

Assess the applicability of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the services sector. In explaining your answer, identify four units in the healthcare sector where ABC systems are applicable and specify an appropriate cost driver for each.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in the Service Sector"

  • 10 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Flexible Budget and Variance Analysis

Preparation of a flexible budget and calculation of sales, material, and labour variances.

The budget and actual income statement of Shatta Company PLC for the month of April have been presented in the table below:

Budget Actual
Output (production and sales) 10,000 9,000
GH¢ GH¢
Sales Revenue 175,000 162,000
Raw Materials (80,000) (100,000 meters) (64,380) (74,000 meters)
Labour (35,000) (5,000 hours) (30,960) (4,300 hours)
Fixed Overheads (35,000) (36,225)
Operating Profit 25,000 30,435

Required:

i) Prepare a flexible budget for Shatta Company PLC.

ii) Calculate the following variances using the marginal costing system:

  • Sales (price, volume)
  • Material (price and usage)
  • Labour (rate and efficiency)

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Flexible Budget and Variance Analysis"

  • 5 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Standards in Business

Explanation of the need for ethical standards in business with reference to threats to ethical behavior.

According to the IESBA Handbook of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, 2024 Edition, a distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the responsibility to act in the public interest and uphold ethical standards.

Required:

Explain the need for ethical standards in business (make reference to threats to ethical behavior).

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Standards in Business"

  • 15 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Budgetary Control

Preparation of a budgeted profit and loss account for Ankawa LTD for the year ending 31 December 2025.

Ankawa LTD makes and sells a single product ‘Dee’. The following information is available for use in the budgeting process for the year 2025.

i) Sales targets have been proposed for four quarters in 2025 and the first quarter in 2026:

Year Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Quarter 1 (2026)
Sales (GH¢) 240,000 160,000 144,000 224,000 192,000

Selling price per unit of Dee is expected to be GH¢20.

ii) Inventory levels

  • At 31 December 2024: Finished units of Dee: 3,000 units

  • Raw materials: 7,000kg

  • Closing inventory of finished product Dee at the end of each quarter is budgeted as a percentage of sales units of the following quarter:

    • Quarters 1 and 2: 25%
    • Quarters 3 and 4: 35%

  • Closing inventory of raw materials is budgeted to fall by 600kg at the end of each quarter.

iii) Product Dee unit data:

  • Material: 8kg at GH¢1.60 per kg
  • Direct labour: 1.2 hours at GH¢3.50 per hour

iv) Other budgeted quarterly expenditure for 2025:

Quarter Fixed Overhead (GH¢) Capital Expenditure (GH¢)
Quarter 1 10,000 10,000
Quarter 2 18,000 –
Quarter 3 27,000 –
Quarter 4 30,000 –

v) Depreciation

  • Property is depreciated on a straight-line basis at 5% per annum based on total cost.
  • Value of property as at 31 December 2024: GH¢100,000.

vi) Inventory of product Dee is valued on a marginal cost basis for internal budget purposes.

Required:

Prepare the budgeted profit and loss account for the year ended 31 December 2025.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Budgetary Control"

  • 10 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2- Q1b – Return on Investment (ROI)

Computation of ROI for different one-off transactions and advice on whether they should be undertaken.

Dondo LTD is a manufacturing company based in Nsawam. The following data represents the budgeted performance of Dondo LTD for the year 2025:

Amount (GH¢’000)
Profit 660
Plant and equipment (net of depreciation) 1,560
Working capital 750

Dondo LTD is considering undertaking the following separate one-off transactions:

  1. A cash discount of GH¢16,000 will be offered to its customers annually. This will, on average, reduce the trade receivables figure by GH¢60,000.
  2. An increase in average inventories by GH¢80,000 throughout the year. The increased inventory level is expected to increase sales, resulting in GH¢30,000 increased contribution per annum.
  3. At the beginning of the year, the company will buy a plant worth GH¢360,000. This is expected to reduce operating costs by GH¢105,000. The plant has a five-year useful life with nil residual value.

Required:

i) Compute the ROI for each of the one-off transactions above. 
ii) Advise Dondo LTD on whether the above one-off transactions should be carried out.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2- Q1b – Return on Investment (ROI)"

  • 10 Marks

MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Transfer Pricing

Explanation of three reasons why Kako PLC determines transfer pricing centrally.

Kako PLC is a multinational company with production divisions trading in many countries across the globe. Trade takes place between a number of the divisions in different countries, with intermediate products being transferred between them. Where a transfer takes place between divisions trading in different countries, it is the policy of the board of the company to determine centrally the right transfer price without reference to the managers in the division.

Required:

i) Explain THREE possible reasons for Kako PLC to determine transfer prices of goods from the head office.

ii) Explain TWO criticisms of the central determination of transfer pricing.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Transfer Pricing"

  • 20 Marks

Determine the optimal transfer pricing for consulting services between divisions within KayCee Ltd based on varying capacity scenarios.

The Management Information System (MIS) division of KayCee Ltd provides consulting services to its clients as well as to other divisions within the group. Consultants always work in teams of two on every consulting day. Each consulting day is charged to external clients at GH¢750, which represents cost plus a 150% profit markup. The total cost per consulting day has been estimated to be 80% variable and 20% fixed.

The director of the Human Resources (HR) division of KayCee Ltd has requested the services of two teams of consultants from the MIS division on five days per week for a period of 48 weeks, and has suggested that she meets with the director of the MIS division in order to negotiate a transfer price. The director of the MIS division has responded by stating that he is aware of the limitations of using negotiated transfer prices and intends to charge the HR division GH¢750 per consulting day.

The MIS division always uses Internal video-conference equipment on all internal consultations which would reduce the variable costs by GH¢50 per consulting day.

Note: The conference equipment can only be used when providing internal consultations.

Required:

a) Calculate and discuss the transfer prices per consulting day at which the MIS division should provide consulting services to the HR division in order to ensure that the profit of KayCee Ltd is maximized in each of the following situations:

i) Every pair of consultants in the MIS division is 100% utilized during the required 48-week period in providing consulting services to external clients, i.e. there is no spare capacity.
ii) There is one team of consultants who, being free from other commitments, would be available to undertake the provision of services to the HR division during the required 48-week period. All other teams of consultants would be 100% utilized in providing consulting services to external clients.
iii) A major client has offered to pay the MIS division GH¢264,000 for the services of two teams of consultants during the required 48-week period.

(14 marks)

b) Explain THREE (3) limitations of negotiated transfer prices.

(6 marks)

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "Determine the optimal transfer pricing for consulting services between divisions within KayCee Ltd based on varying capacity scenarios."

  • 20 Marks

MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Other aspects of performance measurement

Calculate EVA for Vilagio Engineering for 2021 and 2022 and comment on its performance.

Vilagio Engineering (VE) is a listed company manufacturing pumps and valves for use in the irrigation sector. The CEO has tasked you to assess Vilagio’s performance using Economic Value Added. Below is an extract of their financial statements.

Income Statement extract for the year:

Additional information:
i) Capital employed at the end of 2020 amounted to GH¢350 million.
ii) VE had non-capitalised leases valued at GH¢16 million in each of the years 2020 to 2022. Ignore amortisation calculations.
iii) VE’s pre-tax cost of debt was estimated to be 9% in 2021 and 10% in 2022.
iv) VE’s cost of equity was estimated to be 15% in 2021 and 17% in 2022.
v) The target capital structure is 70% equity, 30% debt.
vi) The rate of taxation is 30% in both 2021 and 2022.
vii) Economic depreciation amounted to GH¢64 million in 2021 and GH¢72 million in 2022. These amounts were equal to the depreciation used for tax purposes and depreciation charged in the income statements.
viii) Interest payable amounted to GH¢6 million in 2021 and GH¢8 million in 2022.
ix) Other non-cash expenses amounted to GH¢20 million per year in both 2021 and 2022.

Required:
a) Estimate the Economic Value Added (EVA) for Vilagio Engineering for both 2021 and 2022, and comment on the company’s performance.
b) State THREE (3) advantages and TWO (2) disadvantages of EVA.
c) Explain the relationship between EVA and Net Present Value (NPV).

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1a – Other aspects of performance measurement"

  • 9 Marks

MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Standard costing and variance analysis

Prepare a production plan to maximize profit using throughput approach with given labor hours and demand.

The statement below relates to the costs and selling price of a unit of three products produced by a company:

Additional information provided:
Labour rate per hour for all the products is GH¢8
Demand for the year in units: A – 4,000; B – 2,500; C – 3,600
Available labour hours: 65,000
Required:
i) Prepare a production plan that will maximize profit using the throughput approach.
(9 marks)
ii) Calculate the Through Put Accounting Ratio for each product assuming that the conversion
cost is based on the annual demand.
(6 marks)

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q2a – Standard costing and variance analysis"

  • 5 Marks

MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Standard costing and variance analysis

Explain four considerations management should take into account before investigating adverse material usage variance.

PTC, for the past couple of months, recorded adverse variances in material usage for one of its products. As a result, Management is considering carrying out an investigation on these adverse variances.

Required:
Explain FOUR (4) considerations that Management should take account of before proceeding with the investigation.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q2b – Standard costing and variance analysis"

  • 10 Marks

MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Budgeting

Prepare a budgeted income statement for AJ Ltd based on given projections and assumptions for 2023.

The Income Statement of AJ Ltd for the year ended December 2022 was as follows:

Projections for 2023:

Sales: The current sales represent 15% of market share. Management plans to increase this to 20%. Meanwhile, industry experts are projecting a 12% growth in the sector.
Cost of Sales: Improvement in material quality will reduce cost of sales by 5% from the current level.
Other Expenses:
i) Administrative costs will increase by 20% over the 2022 actual figure.
ii) Selling and distribution costs will increase by 18% over the 2022 actual figure.
iii) Finance costs will remain at the same percentage of sales revenue as in 2022.

Required:
Prepare the budgeted income statement for the year 2023.

Login or create a free account to see answers

Login
Register

Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.

Report an error
Report an error

You're reporting an error for "MA – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q3b – Budgeting"

knowsia

Elevate your professional expertise across key business domains with our comprehensive training programs

Our offerings

Community

Contact Info

  • +233203701923
    +233543919232
  • info@knowsia.com

Customer

Get In Touch

Follow us on our social media and get daily updates.

Facebook-f Twitter Linkedin-in Envelope
Oops!

This feature is only available in selected plans.

Click here to view all plans

Click on the login button below to login if you’re already subscribed to a plan or click on the upgrade button below to upgrade your current plan.

Login
Upgrade Plan

If you’re not subscribed to a plan, click on the button below to choose a plan

Subscribe to a plan

Pick a Form

Professional Tutor Application Form
Academic Tutor Application Form
Student Tutor Application Form