Subject: AUDIT & ASSURANCE

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ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q4c – Tax Administration and Dispute Resolution

State three particulars required in a Notice of Appeal against a tax assessment.

Question

Where a taxpayer receives a Notice of Assessment, he either agrees or disagrees with it. Where he agrees with the assessment, the position of the law is that the tax must be remitted within the statutory time limit. Where he disagrees, he is expected to raise a Notice of Objection.

Required:
State THREE particulars to be specified in a Notice of Appeal against an assessment. (3 Marks)

Answer

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Level: Level 3

Topic: Tax Administration and Dispute Resolution

PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5 – Risk Management

Financial evaluation and credit terms review for a new customer order in Vena Plc.

Question

Vena Plc. manufactures engineering equipment. The company has received an order from a new customer for 5 machines at N5,000,000 each. Vena Plc.’s terms of sale are 10 percent of the sales value payable with order. The deposit has been received from the new customer. The balance is payable 12 months after acceptance of the order by Vena Plc.

Vena Plc.’s past experience has been that only 60 percent of similar customers pay within 12 months. Customers who do not pay within 12 months are referred to a debt collection agency to pursue the debt. The agency has in the past had a 50 percent success rate of obtaining immediate payment once they became involved. When they are unsuccessful, the debt is written off by Vena Plc. The agency’s fee is N500,000 per order, payable by Vena Plc. with the request for service. This fee is not refundable if the debt is not recovered.

You are an accountant in Vena Plc.’s credit control department, and based on the company’s past experience and discussions with the sales and credit managers, you do not expect the pattern of payment and collection to change.

Incremental costs associated with the new customer’s order are expected to be N3,600,000 per machine; 70 percent of these costs are for materials and are incurred shortly after the order has been accepted. The remaining 30 percent is for all other costs, which you can assume are paid shortly before delivery in 12 months’ time. The company is not presently operating at full production capacity.

A credit bureau has offered to provide an error-free credit information about the new customer if the price is right.

Vena Plc.’s opportunity cost of capital is 16 percent. Ignore taxation.

Required:

a. Write a report to the Credit Control Manager evaluating, from a purely financial point of view, whether Vena Plc. should accept the order from the new customer based on the information provided. (12 Marks)

b. Comment on what other factors should be considered before a decision to grant credit is taken. (3 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Credit Evaluation, Credit terms, Opportunity Cost, Payment Collection, Risk Assessment
Level: Level 2

Topic: Risk Management

PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4 – Decision-Making Techniques

Determine optimal production mix for maximizing profit using marginal costing and throughput accounting principles.

Question

PK Limited manufactures two models of heavy-duty cooking racks suitable for restaurant kitchens and other commercial environments. Both models utilize the same types of raw materials and machine hours. No inventories are held. The sales budget for next year is as follows:

Model	Sales Units	Selling Price (N)
A	300,000	1,000
B	140,000	1,400

The following additional information is provided:

Cost data:

Model	Material Cost (N)	Variable Production Conversion Costs (N)
A	400	100
B	500	300

Fixed production overheads attributable to the manufacture of both models total N40,500,000.
Production is completed in the machining department, where the production rate per hour is:
- Model A: 12.5 units
- Model B: 10 units
Machine hours are limited to 30,000 hours.

Required:

a. Using marginal costing principles, calculate the optimal mix (units) of each model that will maximize net profit, and indicate the value of the net profit. (5 Marks)

b. Calculate the throughput accounting ratio for each model and briefly discuss when a product is worth producing under throughput accounting principles. Assume that the variable overhead cost, amounting to N24 million for the chosen product mix in part (a), is fixed in the short term. (7 Marks)

c. Using throughput accounting principles, advise management on the quantities of each model to produce for maximizing profit and provide a projected net profit for PK Limited next year. (5 Marks)

d. Explain two ways in which the concept of ‘contribution’ in throughput accounting differs from its use in marginal costing. (3 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Bottleneck, Contribution, Machine Hours, Marginal Costing, Optimal Production Mix, Throughput Accounting
Level: Level 2

Topic: Decision-making techniques

PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3 – Budgeting and Budgetary Control

Outline key stages in linking long-term objectives to budgetary control, and explain different budgeting types and forecasting methods.

Question

You are the management accountant of a large manufacturing company in Kaduna. A management retreat has been planned for next week to set the agenda for the preparation for next year’s budget.

Required:

a. Outline the key stages in the planning process that link long-term objectives and budgetary control. (8 Marks)

b. Explain the meaning of the terms ‘fixed budget’, ‘rolling budget’, and ‘zero-based budget’, and discuss the circumstances under which each budget might be used. (8 Marks)

c. Discuss whether time series analysis may be preferred to linear regression as a way of forecasting sales volume. (4 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Budgeting, Fixed Budget, Forecasting, Planning Process, Rolling Budget, Time Series Analysis, Zero-Based Budget
Level: Level 2

Topic: Budgeting and Budgetary Control

PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2 – Cost Management Strategies

Evaluation of Ope-Olu Limited's inventory holding cost and the impact of switching to a JIT production system.

Question

Ope-Olu Limited produces and sells household items. For a particular product, the marketing department has prepared the following quarterly expected demand for next year:

Quarter	Expected Demand (Units)
1	400,000
2	440,000
3	760,000
4	560,000

The existing production facility can only produce 540,000 units per quarter under regular time. However, it is possible to increase output by 40% if working overtime is introduced.

It is the policy of the company to manufacture units using a constant level of production system. This means that although the opening and closing levels of inventory for the year are zero units, there are increases and decreases in the quarterly inventory levels. Based on this policy, the unit selling price, variable production costs, and contribution for next year are expected to be as follows:

Additional Information:

Overtime is paid at 150% of the normal rate, and the unit variable production overhead cost will increase by 25% for those units produced during overtime.
The company incurs a holding cost (based on average inventory) of N25 per unit per quarter for each item that is held in inventory.
The company is considering switching to a Just-in-Time (JIT) production system due to fluctuating sales demand.

Required:

a. Discuss generally, the key conditions that are necessary for the successful implementation of a JIT manufacturing system. (7 Marks)

b. Calculate the cost of holding inventory for each of the quarters and the year in total under the current production system. (6 Marks)

c. Calculate the financial impact of changing to a JIT production system. (7 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Cost Analysis, Demand forecast, Inventory Holding, JIT, Overtime Production
Level: Level 2

Topic: Cost Management Strategies

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Governance and Audit Committees

Guidance on addressing community concerns over environmental impact of industrial operations.

Question

You witnessed a scene during the audit of Tiwani Cement Limited, an indigenous medium-sized cement manufacturing company.

Indigenes of the host town, situated in the southern part of the country, staged a peaceful protest at the premises of the company. Their concern was the company’s apparent lack of attention toward the poor condition of roads surrounding their factory—ostensibly damaged by the heavy equipment and vehicles the company operated.

The management appeased the protesters, promising immediate consideration of their demands.

The Managing Director has now asked for your advice.

Required:

Advise the Managing Director of Tiwani Cement Limited on what the company could do in this type of situation.
(Total 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Community Relations, Environmental impact, Reputation Management, Social responsibility
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate Governance and Audit Committees

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6 – Audit of Financial Statements

Assessing development costs under IAS 38 and audit tests for verification.

Question

Your client, Picturescope Limited, intends to produce a motion picture titled “Naija Power”. The development costs before presentation to investors for financing the production is estimated to be N15 million.

Required:

a. As the assurance provider, assess the situation to confirm that the amount spent so far can be recognised as development costs within the provisions of IAS 38 – Intangible Assets.
(6 Marks)

b. Explain the audit tests that you would perform in respect of the development costs expended so far.
(9 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Procedures, Development Costs, IAS 38, Recognition Criteria
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit of Financial Statements

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5 – Emerging Trends in Auditing

Information system audit steps for a business continuity plan and its importance.

Question

The world-wide COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the operations of Divine Hope Limited, like it did to many other business concerns. Sequel to this, the management of Divine Hope Limited has now commissioned the development of a Contingency or Business Continuity Plan to ensure continuity of operations, even if such a pandemic or similar situation should re-occur.

Required:

a. Explain SIX steps to be taken in the information system audit of a Contingency or Business Continuity Plan.
(9 Marks)

b. Explain why the audit of the Contingency or Business Continuity Plan is very necessary.
(6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Steps, Business Continuity, Contingency Plan, Necessity of Audit
Level: Level 2

Topic: Emerging Trends in Auditing

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4 – Audit of Public Sector Entities

Identify inherent risks in a non-profit organization and assess control environment weaknesses impacting audit approach.

Question

Greater Tomorrow Foundation (GTF) was established with the aim of providing support to children from disadvantaged backgrounds who wish to participate in sports, such as tennis, athletics, and football. It has benefited the country, with some beneficiaries representing the nation in international competitions.

GTF has a constitution detailing how income can be spent and limits administrative expenditure to one-eighth of its income annually.

GTF’s income comes solely from voluntary donations, including:

Cash collected by volunteers from the public.
Direct donations from generous individuals.

Certain donations specify that the principal amount cannot be spent, with income generated (interest) allocated to specific activities, like providing sports equipment (e.g., footballs, boots, rackets, sportswear, etc.).

Required:

a. Explain FIVE areas of inherent risk in Greater Tomorrow Foundation (GTF) and explain the effect of each risk on the audit approach. (10 Marks)

b. Explain FIVE reasons why the control environment may be weak in GTF. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Approach, Compliance, Control Environment, Donations, Financial Controls, Inherent Risk, Non-profit
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit of Public Sector Entities

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Evaluate ethical threats due to auditor relationships and actions, and recommend mitigations for compliance.

Question

The following scenarios may threaten compliance with fundamental principles in auditing:

i. The audit supervisor is married to the daughter of the Managing Director of the client company;

ii. The audit firm’s Senior Partner holds shares in the client company;

iii. The assurance firm also provides valuation services, internal audit services, and taxation services to an assurance client;

iv. The assurance firm earns more than 50% of its annual revenue from one assurance client; and

v. The firm obtained motor vehicle financing from a client bank for its staff.

Required:

a. Explain why compliance with fundamental principles in auditing may be threatened in each of the above FIVE circumstances. (10 Marks)

b. Explain FIVE ethical requirements that would reduce or mitigate the threats to compliance with the fundamental principles in the above FIVE circumstances. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Independence, Compliance Threats, Conflict of Interest, Family Relationships, Non-Audit Services, Professional Ethics, Revenue Dependency
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Discuss requirements and methods for designing an audit sample and circumstances when sampling may be inappropriate.

Question

ISA 530 Audit sampling states that the objective of the auditor when using audit sampling is to provide a reasonable basis to draw conclusions about the population from which the sample is drawn.

Required:

a. In accordance with ISA 530, what are the requirements the auditor should consider in designing a sample size? (6 Marks)

b. Explain FIVE sampling methods that are available for the use of the auditor. (10 Marks)

c. State FOUR circumstances where sampling may not be appropriate for use by the auditor. (4 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit evidence, Audit Methods, ISA 530, Non-Sampling Circumstances, Sampling
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit evidence

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Analyze ethical considerations for an auditor accepting a client, including MD's remarks on audit expectations and conflict-of-interest procedures.

Question

Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR) is a limited liability company floated by the
Federal Government to control water related activities and resources. Its operations
cover surface and under water activities. The company is about three years old. As is the practice with entities having government interest, NWR wanted to change the company‟s auditors. It therefore, invited tenders for the audit assignment through a national newspaper. In order to score an advantage over other bidders, the firm of John Ibrahim and Co. (Chartered Accountants) decided to quote a seemingly unrealistic fee level in order to get the job. The Managing Director (MD) of the company did not see anything wrong with the low professional fee level since it will save costs for the company, especially that despite the clean audit report of the previous years, fraud and financial misdemeanour went undetected. The MD believed the annual statutory audit is just to “fulfil all righteousness”. John Ibrahim and Co. has been rated high since this firm
has as its client, another company in the same line of trade.

If the firm, John Ibrahim & Co., wins the bid to audit Nigeria Water Resources Limited (NWR):

a. Explain the ethical matters the firm should consider before client acceptance, at the point of engagement acceptance, and after accepting the appointment. (12 Marks)

b. Assess the remarks of the MD of NWR from the point of the expectation of the public as regards audit assignments. (8 Marks)

c. Explain the procedures the audit firm should undertake to avoid conflict of interests that could affect the judgment of the firm since John Ibrahim & Co. audits another client that is in direct competition with NWR. (6 Marks)

d. Explain the guidelines of the Institute’s Code with respect to advertisement by members. (4 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Advertisement, Auditor Engagement, Client Acceptance, Conflict of Interest, Ethics, Public Expectation
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7b – Risk Assessment and Internal Control

Identify business risks for Moovy Magic’s procurement and suggest control strategies.

Question

You are the internal auditor of Moovy Magic Limited, which runs a chain of video rental stores.

The company guarantees that if a video is not available for rental, the customer will get a free rental when that video comes back into inventory. It is not possible for customers to pre-book videos. The company purchases a number of copies of each video, taking the above policy into account, but has no way of monitoring whether their procurement strategy is effective. Procurement decisions are made and auctioned locally, and no central budgets are produced.

You have been asked by the directors to review the procurement and other strategies of the company.

Required:

Identify and explain the potential business risks arising from the above procurement and other strategies. Suggest controls and strategies that the management of Moovy Magic could instigate to mitigate those business risks. (9 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business Risks, Internal Controls, Mitigation Strategies, Procurement, Video Rental
Level: Level 2

Topic: Risk Assessment and Internal Control
Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7a – Audit Evidence

Identify additional information needed to determine the audit opinion for Musky Fresh Ltd following supplier difficulties.

Question

Musky Fresh Limited has been in existence, for a number of years, importing perfume. The managing director had built up the business using contacts he already had in the industry. The company imports only one brand of perfume which is manufactured exclusively by one company. The perfume is distributed via ‘shops within shops’ at 20 branches of a well-known store. Under this agreement, Musky Fresh Limited pays a percentage of its takings to the store, with a minimum annual payment of N100,000 per store.

The audit is nearing completion, but you have just heard that the Arabian manufacturer is facing serious financial difficulties, and that supplies have ceased.

Required:

a. Set out the further information the auditor would require before reaching his audit opinion. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit opinion, Financial difficulties, Going Concern, Supplier Risks, Trade Payables
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit evidence
Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q6 – Internal Control Systems

Identify control activities in a trade payables system and the need for substantive procedures.

Question

Control activities may be defined as policies, procedures, and operations that help to enable management directives to be carried out. These activities are detailed procedures designed to prevent, or to detect and correct errors that may arise in processing information.

Required:

a. Set out the five types of control activities and illustrate each one in the context of purchases or trade payables system. (10 Marks)

b. Explain why, even where tests of controls prove satisfactory, substantive procedures can never be completely eliminated. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Control Activities, Internal Controls, Purchases System, Substantive Procedures, Trade Payables
Level: Level 2

Topic: Internal Control Systems
Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q5 – The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors

Steps for auditor replacement when incumbent auditors do not wish to resign, and brief overview of audit documentation.

Question

Alhaji Abubakar Yusuf is the managing director of Nasara Tech Limited, a private company. Nasara Tech is currently audited by Mike and Co. Alhaji Abubakar has informed you that the directors of Nasara Tech wish to appoint your firm, Adewuyi Adeyemi and Co., as auditors in place of Mike and Co., but they consider that Mike and Co. will not be willing to resign.

Required:

a. Assuming that Mike and Co. are not willing to resign, set out the statutory and other procedures which will have to be followed by Nasara Tech Limited, your firm, and which may be adopted by Mike and Co. in connection with this proposed appointment. You should assume that Adewuyi Adeyemi and Co. have adequate resources to take on the audit of Nasara Tech Limited and that there are no issues surrounding independence or client integrity. (6 Marks)

b. Assuming that Mike and Co. are willing to resign part way through their term of office, set out the procedures to be followed by Mike and Co. and Nasara Tech Limited in order to effect the resignations. (4 Marks)

Your office has recently taken on a new trainee, John. You have been asked to explain to John what information is recorded in the audit process and where.

c. Set out a brief explanation for John. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Documentation, Auditor Replacement, Ethics, Resignation Process, Statutory Procedures
Level: Level 2

Series: MAY 2018

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q4 – Internal Control Systems

Identification and improvement of control weaknesses in the sales system of Sofa Ltd.

Question

You are carrying out the audit of the sales system of Sofa Limited, a company that manufactures office furniture. The company has annual sales revenue of N150 million. All the shares are owned by Sofi and her husband Andy. Neither is involved in the running of the business. The chairman is responsible for running the business, but does not own any of the company’s shares.

The bookkeeper maintains all the accounting records and prepares the annual financial statements.

A stand-alone computer is used to maintain the accounting records, including those of the sales system. Standard accounting software is used, which was purchased from an independent supplier. For the sales system, a sales ledger is maintained to which sales invoices, credit notes, cash, and discounts are posted. When sales invoices are posted and credit notes are input into the computer, the value is updated in both the sales ledger and the nominal ledger.

You have determined that the documents and personnel involved in the sales ledger are as follows:

When order is received by telephone, it is recorded by the sales clerk in the sales department. This is usually done on a notepad.
The sales clerk will then pass the sales order to the stores, to the goods outwards department where the office furniture is kept.
If the goods ordered are in inventory, then the goods will be loaded onto one of the delivery trucks. A two-part dispatch note will be prepared to accompany the sales order. This is usually done before the stores have received the sales order from the sales department.
The goods are delivered to the customer together with the top copy of the goods dispatch note.
The driver on his return will inform the sales department that the delivery has been successful and will maintain the last copy of the goods dispatch note in the stores.
At the end of the week, the sales department prepares a sales invoice for the customer.
When the post is received, it is opened by a staff of the sales department.
The person opening the post will both make a list of all the cheques
received and that same person will then go to the bank and bank the
cheques. Upon return, the remittances and cheque paying-in book are
passed to the book keeper for updating the receivables ledger.
The receivables ledger is reviewed by the book keeper on a monthly basis
to see which customers are above their credit terms and will inform the
sales staff who to telephone and chase their debt.

Required:

a. Identify and describe eight weaknesses in the sales system of Sofa Limited. (8 marks)

b. Provide recommendations to rectify each of the weaknesses identified. (8 marks)

c. Explain why segregation of duties is important in an internal control system. (4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Control weaknesses, Fraud risk, Internal Control, Sales System, Segregation of Duties
Level: Level 2

Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Examination of ethical issues in client engagement, fundamental ethical principles, and lawful disclosure obligations for auditors.

Question

You have recently been appointed the auditors of Spicer Plc, a company whose shares are traded on a stock exchange. The directors of Spicer Plc have recommended that you perform the following services:

The statutory audit of the annual accounts
Taxation services
Consultancy services in respect of the implementation of a new information technology system

Your firm has not acted for Spicer Plc before but does act as auditors to one of its major competitors.

Required:
a. Identify and explain the professional and ethical issues that should have been identified by your firm in relation to the provision of the services outlined above to Spicer Plc and describe the safeguards that should be in place in order to address these issues. (11 marks)

b. What are the five fundamental principles of ethics? Briefly explain their meaning. (5 marks)

c. A client’s affairs should not be disclosed to third parties. However, where a client has been guilty of an unlawful act, to whom should the auditor disclose this information, and in what order? (4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Client Engagement, Confidentiality, Disclosure, Ethics, Professional Standards
Level: Level 2

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q2 – Planning an Audit

Planning and identifying audit risks for a new client with an increased demand for products, using a standard costing system for inventory valuation.

Question

Sweet Dreams, a limited liability company, is a new audit client and you are at the
planning meeting for the forthcoming audit. The company has grown rapidly and has
May 31 as year-end. The financial statements have not been audited in previous years
since the organization has only just converted from a partnership to a company.
The company’s bankers have requested that an audit be undertaken on the financial
statements for the year ending May 31, 2016. Higher levels of inventory required to
meet the increasing demand for its products have necessitated a request for an increase
in the bank’s overdraft facility.
The company makes beds, buying its materials directly. At the year-end, inventory
comprises raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods. It does not undertake
continuous inventory counting but does intend to perform a full inventory count on
May 31, 2016. It uses standard costing system to value finished products and work-inprogress.

Answer

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Tags: Audit Planning, Audit Risk, Control Systems, Inventory Management, Material Misstatement
Level: Level 2

Topic: Audit evidence, Planning an Audit, Risk Assessment and Internal Control
Series: MAY 2016

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q1 – The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors

Examines responsibilities in fraud prevention, asset ownership verification, depreciation rates, asset register contents, and revaluation effects.

Question

You are an employee of Ben, Tai & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. One of the firm’s clients is Keke Limited, a car rental company whose shares are not traded on a stock exchange. The company has a large fleet of vehicles which it hires out on a contract basis.

The duration of a contract varies from one day to three months. Anybody wishing to hire a car must possess a valid driver’s license. In addition, they must take out insurance with Keke Limited.

You are involved in the audit of non-current assets for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The company’s main non-current assets are:

Freehold land and buildings
Office equipment (mainly computers)
Motor vehicles

The company was formed ten years ago, and all non-current assets (except for land and buildings) are maintained in a non-current assets register. The company depreciates non-current assets at the following rates:

Freehold land and buildings: 2% on cost
Office equipment: 20% on cost
Motor vehicles: 50% on cost

The company has recently revalued its buildings upwards by N200 million. The directors believe that they have fallen victim to a fraudster who has disappeared with a number of the company’s vehicles.

Required:

a. What is the difference between the responsibilities of management and the auditor for the prevention and the detection of fraud? Explain how these responsibilities are carried out. (6 marks)

b. Describe how you would verify the ownership of:
i. Freehold land and buildings
ii. Computers
iii. Motor vehicles
(6 marks)

c. Comment on the appropriateness of the depreciation rates of the non-current assets and their respective effect on the income statement. (6 marks)

d. List the contents of a non-current asset register and describe its usefulness for Keke Limited. (6 marks)

e. Explain the accounting effect of the revaluation of the buildings to the financial statements and the audit work you would perform in this matter. (6 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Asset Verification, Auditor Responsibility, Depreciation, Fraud Detection, Non-current Assets, Revaluation
Level: Level 2

Topic: The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors
Series: MAY 2016

Subject: AUDIT & ASSURANCE

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ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q4c – Tax Administration and Dispute Resolution

State three particulars required in a Notice of Appeal against a tax assessment.

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PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5 – Risk Management

Financial evaluation and credit terms review for a new customer order in Vena Plc.

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PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4 – Decision-Making Techniques

Determine optimal production mix for maximizing profit using marginal costing and throughput accounting principles.

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PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3 – Budgeting and Budgetary Control

Outline key stages in linking long-term objectives to budgetary control, and explain different budgeting types and forecasting methods.

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PM – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2 – Cost Management Strategies

Evaluation of Ope-Olu Limited's inventory holding cost and the impact of switching to a JIT production system.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Governance and Audit Committees

Guidance on addressing community concerns over environmental impact of industrial operations.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6 – Audit of Financial Statements

Assessing development costs under IAS 38 and audit tests for verification.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5 – Emerging Trends in Auditing

Information system audit steps for a business continuity plan and its importance.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4 – Audit of Public Sector Entities

Identify inherent risks in a non-profit organization and assess control environment weaknesses impacting audit approach.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Evaluate ethical threats due to auditor relationships and actions, and recommend mitigations for compliance.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Discuss requirements and methods for designing an audit sample and circumstances when sampling may be inappropriate.

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AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

Analyze ethical considerations for an auditor accepting a client, including MD's remarks on audit expectations and conflict-of-interest procedures.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7b – Risk Assessment and Internal Control

Identify business risks for Moovy Magic’s procurement and suggest control strategies.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q7a – Audit Evidence

Identify additional information needed to determine the audit opinion for Musky Fresh Ltd following supplier difficulties.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q6 – Internal Control Systems

Identify control activities in a trade payables system and the need for substantive procedures.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q5 – The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors

Steps for auditor replacement when incumbent auditors do not wish to resign, and brief overview of audit documentation.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q4 – Internal Control Systems

Identification and improvement of control weaknesses in the sales system of Sofa Ltd.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Examination of ethical issues in client engagement, fundamental ethical principles, and lawful disclosure obligations for auditors.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q2 – Planning an Audit

Planning and identifying audit risks for a new client with an increased demand for products, using a standard costing system for inventory valuation.

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AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q1 – The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors

Examines responsibilities in fraud prevention, asset ownership verification, depreciation rates, asset register contents, and revaluation effects.

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