Series: NOV 2018

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Governance

Provide a defence for the unitary board structure, outline core roles, and discuss the composition and size of the board.

It is important that, as a member of the board of directors of a company, you have a good understanding of the nature, types, and structures of a board.

You are required to:
a. Provide a defence for the unitary board structure. (5 Marks)
b. Outline the core roles of a board of directors. (5 Marks)
c. Provide a broad overview of the composition and size of a unitary board of directors. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain the BCG Model with a diagram to analyze a firm's business portfolio, detailing the four product categories.

As part of a training session in strategic management, deploy a diagram to explain how a firm would use the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) model to analyze its business portfolio. Explain each category of products identified in the BCG model.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q5 – Ethics in Business

Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts based on ICAN's professional code of conduct.

You have been invited to facilitate a session on how to deal with ethical conflicts based on the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria code of professional conduct. Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Discuss ethical considerations for accountants, actions to serve the public interest, and the nature and purpose of a corporate code of ethics.

There is an increasing demand on professional accountants to pay close attention to ethical standards as they carry out their professional duties. This requires, among other considerations, that accountants act professionally and in the public interest. They are also expected to abide by the code of ethics of their profession and the corporate code of ethics of the organization in which they work.

Required:

a. Discuss the ethical considerations a professional accountant should attend to in the discharge of professional duties. (6 Marks)

b. What specific actions are you expected to take in order to serve the public interest? (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the nature and purpose of corporate code of ethics. (9 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain the processes of identifying, assessing, measuring, and prioritizing risks, and discuss the impact on stakeholders.

Success and profit maximization in business are premised on factors that include the ability to identify, assess, and measure risks. As a risk manager, how would you explain the following to a group of prospective entrepreneurs in ways that would adequately equip them to deal with operational, business, and strategic risks?

a. Risk identification (4 Marks)
b. The impact of risk on any four stakeholders (4 Marks)
c. Assessing risks: impact and probability (4 Marks)
d. Measuring risks (4 Marks)
e. Prioritizing risks (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q2 – Corporate Governance

Identify five key corporate governance issues for expansion and principles of good corporate governance for PKL Restaurants Limited.

PKL Restaurants Limited was established in 1995 and now has 12 branches in different parts of Lagos. The company wants to expand its operations to Abuja and Port Harcourt. Consequently, it seeks to restructure the business and build structures for good corporate governance.

Required:

a. Develop a proposal highlighting five key issues of corporate governance. (10 Marks)

b. Evaluate five principles of good corporate governance that the company should adhere to. (10 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1b – Business-Level Strategies

Describe two key risks associated with adopting a cost leadership strategy in business.

Provide a detailed account of two of the risks business entities might face by adopting a strategy of cost leadership.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Environmental Analysis

Perform a SWOT analysis using a Mini Resource Audit and Porter's Five Forces for Igbadun Nigeria Limited in the online streaming business.

Igbadun Nigeria Limited is a private limited liability company engaged in the business of online content streaming to registered subscribers through a dedicated website “igbadun.com”. The company’s content offerings include movies, TV episodes, cartoon series, educational series, documentaries, and reality shows.

The subscriber base growth rate of Igbadun has been phenomenal, jumping from about 3,000 in 2013 to 30,000 at the end of 2017. This is despite the fact that the industry is relatively new in Nigeria. The growth has led to an increase in revenue from N72 million in 2013 to N450 million by the year ended 31 December 2017. However, the only source of revenue to the company is customer subscriptions.

The impressive performance of Igbadun Nigeria Limited has been attributed to several factors, including:

  • Increasing internet usage;
  • Increased patronage of streamed online programs;
  • Improved access to the internet at a reduced cost;
  • Affordability of internet-enabled devices suitable for viewing online video content;
  • Cost reduction strategies and a very affordable subscription rate, which has been reduced from N2,000 in 2013 to N1,500 in 2017. This is the second-lowest rate in the industry;
  • Aggressive marketing strategy and investment in advertising;
  • Reduction in marketing costs as a percentage of revenue from 16% in 2013 to 12.8% in 2017;
  • Growth of gross subscribers by more than 100% per annum;
  • Investment of over 60% of its earnings for growth and development, especially in purchasing the best hardware and software available;
  • Aggressive R & D policy that has led to in-house development of most of its software, with all of them duly patented;
  • Effective Human Resource Management strategy that has helped to attract, motivate, train, and retain highly qualified and experienced manpower;
  • Management team of highly experienced personnel.

A report recently released by Arthur Baker and Company, a reputable consulting firm in Nigeria, predicted that the demand for online program streaming in Nigeria will grow significantly to 5 million by 2020. Consequently, existing rivals, such as Netcom and other smaller competitors, are jostling to gain competitive advantage. The relatively liberal legal requirements for entry have also facilitated an influx of new entrants into the industry. Netflox, the world’s biggest provider of online program streaming service, recently commenced operations in Nigeria.

Copyright activists recently proposed a bill to the National Assembly, allowing online program streaming providers to stream new releases only after two months of release. This bill will adversely affect the subscription revenue of igbadun.com if passed into law.

A major part of Igbadun’s subscription revenue is received through online payments using debit cards. However, a recent report by an independent consultant shows a decline in the use of online payment platforms due to increased security concerns. This has the potential to hurt Igbadun’s revenue stream.

Igbadun is also struggling to compete with other movie entertainment media such as cable TV, DVDs, and cinemas. The most worrisome for the company has been DVDs. The activities of pirates have made the price of DVDs for new releases as low as N500 each. If this continues unabated, the company risks losing its subscriber base.

Despite these challenges, Igbadun plans to grow its subscriber base to 200,000 by the end of 2020.

Required:

a. With the aid of a Mini Resource Audit and Porter’s Five Forces Model, prepare a SWOT analysis for the management of Igbadun Nigeria Limited.

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Discuss the objectives of an ideal intergovernmental fiscal system and the problems facing intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.

“There are critical issues and problems with decentralisation of government and intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.”

Required:
a. The main objectives of an ideal system of fiscal relations among sub-national units in a federation.
(6 Marks)
b. Three problems of intergovernmental fiscal relations in Nigeria.
(9 Marks)

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PSAF – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Fiscal Policy and Public Finance

Discuss the concept of market failure and provide cases justifying government intervention in the economy.

he need for government intervention in the economy is justified on the basis of market failure. In particular, the intervention has become inevitable in view of some practical situations for which the market is rather unhelpful.

Required:
a. Discuss the notion of “market failure” as a basis for government intervention.
(5 Marks)
b. Provide four illustrative cases to justify government intervention in the Nigerian economy.
(10 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q5a – Beyond financial reporting

Discuss what users might expect to see in a company’s annual report to indicate that environmental concerns are receiving adequate attention.

An increasing number of users have an interest in environmental matters, either as socially responsible investment (SRI) analysts, private investors, banks, employees, or customers. In cases where there are material environmental impacts, they will normally expect to see something in the annual reports.

Required:
What might users expect to see in a company’s annual report to indicate that environmental concerns are receiving adequate attention?

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q4 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Calculate key financial ratios for TGG and analyze its financial performance and cash flow based on the data provided for the year ended 30 September 2018.

The Gandi Group (TGG) operates in the farming industry and has operated a number of 100% owned subsidiaries for many years. The Gandi group has its operations in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Its financial statements for the last two years are shown below.

Additional Information:

  1. TGG has become increasingly worried about two major areas in its business environment: reliance on large supermarkets (which demand long payment terms), and the increase in fuel prices, which raises the cost of distribution.
  2. To address these concerns, TGG purchased 80% of Asida Ltd on 1 October 2017. This was TGG’s first acquisition of a subsidiary without owning 100% of it. Asida Ltd operates two luxury hotels in the Ashanti Region.
  3. TGG raised finance by disposing of GH¢5.5 million in investments (with a GH¢2.25 million gain on disposal, included in administrative expenses) and by taking a GH¢10 million loan.
  4. Asida Ltd opened a third hotel in Accra in March 2018. Initial reviews were poor, but feedback improved after the appointment of a new marketing director in May 2018.
  5. Ratios for the year ended 30 September 2017:
    • Gross profit margin: 59.1%
    • Operating margin: 8.5%
    • Return on capital employed: 7.4%
    • Inventory turnover period: 60 days
    • Receivables collection period: 83 days

Required: a) Prepare the equivalent ratios for the year ended 30 September 2018.
(5 marks)

b) Analyze the financial performance and cash flow of TGG for the year ended 30 September 2018, making specific reference to any concerns or expectations regarding future periods.
(10 marks)

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q3 – Business valuations

Identify valuation factors, determine share value using the net assets approach, and prepare the consolidated financial statement for GCC Bank Ltd after the takeover of Wunam Bank Ltd.

The shareholders of Wunam Bank (Ghana) Limited have decided to sell the company to GCC Bank (Ghana) Limited following their inability to recapitalize the company as demanded by the Bank of Ghana. The statement of financial positions of the two banks as at 31 March 2018 are given below.

Additional Information:

  1. Wunam Bank Ltd carries a huge non-performing loan portfolio. It is estimated that only 40% of the outstanding loans are recoverable.
  2. Investments represent 91-Day Treasury Bills held as secondary reserves. An audit has shown that the investments were overstated in 2017, as interest on investments for that year amounts to GH¢4.15 million.
  3. Other assets include long outstanding debits amounting to GH¢3.6 million, which are not represented by tangible assets.
  4. Deposits amounting to GH¢3.75 million could not be accounted for. This phenomenon has prevailed since 2014 but has not been provided for in the accounts.
  5. Property, Plant & Equipment includes an old banking software amounting to GH¢1.25 million, considered worthless. The remaining tangible fixed assets have been revalued at GH¢15.3 million.
  6. Cash and balances with other banks include GH¢2.4 million due from Sakara Rural Bank Ltd, which was liquidated in 2016.
  7. Other liabilities include interest earned on investments amounting to GH¢3.15 million.
  8. Goodwill was assessed at 2.5% of adjusted deposits and current accounts.
  9. Wunam Bank Ltd has invested in Government bonds worth GH¢12.6 million as at 31 March 2018 to fund new ATMs and branches.

Required: a) Identify FOUR (4) factors you would consider in determining the value to be placed on assets when using the net assets approach to valuation of Wunam Bank Ltd.
(4 marks)

b) Determine the value to be placed on the shares of Wunam Bank Ltd using the net assets approach to valuation.
(5 marks)

c) Prepare the statement of financial position of GCC Bank Ltd after the takeover using your answer in (b). Assume the following:

  • The purchase consideration was duly settled.
  • GCC Bank Ltd took over all assets and liabilities.
  • Goodwill was written off.

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q2e – Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement Corporate reporting

Discuss the accounting treatment of a variable rate loan commitment under IFRS 9 in the financial statements of Garu-Tempane Ltd.

Garu-Tempane Ltd had the following transaction during the year ended 31 December 2018:

The entity entered into a contractual commitment to make a variable rate loan to a customer beginning on 1 January 2019 for a fixed period at 1% less than the rate at which the entity (not the customer) can borrow money.

Required:
Advise the directors of Garu-Tempane Ltd on the accounting treatment of the above transaction under IFRS 9: Financial Instruments for the year ended 31 December 2018.

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q2d – IAS 38: Intangible assets

Recommend the carrying amount of various intangible assets, including licenses, software, and rights, in the financial statements of Nyame Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2017.

Nyame Ltd incurred the following expenditure during the year:

The company’s policy is to use the revaluation model for its intangible assets where a market valuation is available and permitted.

Required:
Recommend with suitable calculations the carrying amount of intangible assets at the end of the year 31 December 2017 according to the guidance given in IAS 38: Intangible Assets.
(5 marks)

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q2c – IFRS 13 Fair value measurement

Advise Gonja Ltd on the fair value measurement of its real estate-linked investment portfolio in the financial statements for 31 July 2018.

Gonja Ltd is an investment company that holds a portfolio of securities linked to the real-estate market in Ghana. The following information is available at 31 July 2018 regarding this portfolio:

  • The portfolio cost GH¢13 million 2 years ago.
  • Real-estate prices in Ghana are generally accepted to have dropped by 20-30% in the past 2 years.
  • The portfolio of securities held by Gonja is difficult to value, as there is no active market. However, the company has received an offer of GH¢2.6 million for this portfolio from an investor. It has no intention of accepting this offer, although similar companies have accepted offers from this investor due to financial difficulties.
  • A normal sale in the present climate could be reasonably expected to yield GH¢6 million, based on an analysis of transactions in similar assets.
  • Gonja’s valuation models suggest that the real estate market in Ghana will recover, and it expects that the portfolio will generate GH¢12 million (at present value) over the next three years.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS 13: Fair Value Measurement, advise Gonja Ltd on the amount it should state its investment portfolio in its financial statements to 31 July 2018, assuming it wishes to use fair value as measured.

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q2b – Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement Corporate reporting

Recommend the financial reporting treatment for an interest-free government loan received by Bole Bamboi Ltd, including suitable calculations.

On 1 June 2017, Bole Bamboi Ltd (Bole Bamboi) purchased a factory building in a regional development area for GH¢4 million. It used the building to store some relocated equipment, but shortly after the purchase, the roof needed to be replaced. Bole Bamboi has been replacing the roof of the factory building with an environmentally friendly one, including insulation and integrated solar panels. The replacement of the roof will cost GH¢2 million. The cost of the replacement is to be incurred by Bole Bamboi; however, the Ministry of Trade and Industry advanced a 5-year, interest-free loan to Bole Bamboi on 1 July 2017 to finance the GH¢2 million cost. The loan has to be repaid in 5 equal annual instalments of GH¢400,000 beginning on 30 June 2018. An equivalent loan from Bole Bamboi’s bank with the same repayment terms would have been made at a fixed annual interest rate of 5% for the 5 years.

The present value of 5 annual payments of GH¢1 at 5% is GH¢4.32948.

Required:
In accordance with IFRS, recommend, with suitable calculations, the financial reporting treatment of the above items in the financial statements of Bole Bamboi for the year ended 31 December 2017.

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q2a – Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

Discuss the financial reporting issues for Builsa Ltd regarding the planned closure of a division and the redundancy of employees under IFRS 5.

Builsa Ltd (Builsa) is a listed company that assembles personal computers (PCs), and it is preparing its financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2018. Builsa plans to close down one of its divisions. This division, which is classified as a separate business segment, will cease all of its activities on 31 July 2018. Most of the assets of the business will be redeployed elsewhere in Builsa’s business; however, some smaller items of plant will be sold off or scrapped. Approximately half of the staff of the division will be made redundant, and they were notified of the decision in late May 2018. Customers and suppliers were notified at the same time. The annual 2018 financial statements are scheduled to be released to the markets on 9 August 2018.

Required:
Advise the directors as to the financial reporting issues arising from the above matters and explain the appropriate treatment in Builsa’s financial statements in each case.

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CR – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated financial statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Accra Ltd, considering acquisitions, goodwill, impairments, revaluation, and pension obligations.

Accra Ltd, a public limited liability company in Ghana, operates in the manufacturing sector.

Accra Ltd has investments in two other Ghanaian companies.

The draft statement of financial position as at 31 March 2018 are as follows:

Additional information:

i) On 1 April 2016, Accra Ltd acquired 14% of the equity interest of Takoradi Ltd for a cash consideration of GH¢130 million, and Bawku Ltd acquired 70% of the equity interest of Takoradi Ltd for a cash consideration of GH¢635 million. At 1 April 2016, the identifiable net assets of Takoradi Ltd had a fair value of GH¢495 million, retained earnings were GH¢95 million, and other components of equity were GH¢26 million. At 1 April 2017, the identifiable net assets of Takoradi Ltd had a fair value of GH¢575 million, retained earnings were GH¢120 million, and other components of equity were GH¢35 million. The excess in fair value is due to non-depreciable land. The fair value of the 14% holding of Accra Ltd in Takoradi Ltd, which was classified as fair value through profit or loss, was GH¢140 million at 31 March 2017 and GH¢155 million at 31 March 2018. However, the fair value of Bawku Ltd’s interest in Takoradi Ltd had not changed since acquisition.

ii) On 1 April 2017, Accra Ltd acquired 60% of the equity interests of Bawku Ltd, a public limited liability company in Ghana. The cost of investment comprised cash of GH¢625 million. On 1 April 2017, the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired was GH¢975 million, retained earnings of Bawku Ltd were GH¢325 million, and other components of equity were GH¢27.5 million. The excess in fair value is due to non-depreciable land. It is the group’s policy to measure the non-controlling interest at acquisition at its proportionate share of the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets.

iii) Goodwill of Bawku Ltd and Takoradi Ltd were tested for impairment at 31 March 2018 and found that there was no impairment relating to Takoradi Ltd. However, the goodwill of Bawku Ltd was fully impaired by the reporting date.

iv) On 1 April 2016, Accra Ltd acquired office accommodation at a cost of GH¢45 million with a 30-year estimated useful life. During the year, the property market in the area slumped, and the fair value of accommodation fell to GH¢37.5 million at 31 March 2017, which was reflected in the financial statements. However, the market unexpectedly recovered quickly due to the announcement of major government investment in the area’s transport infrastructure. On 31 March 2018, the valuer advised Accra Ltd that the offices should now be valued at GH¢52.5 million. Accra Ltd has charged depreciation for the year but has not taken account of the upward valuation of the offices. Accra Ltd uses the revaluation model and records any valuation change when advised to do so.

v) Accra Ltd has announced two major restructuring plans during the year. The first plan is to reduce its capacity by the closure of some of its smaller factories, which have already been identified. This will lead to the redundancy of 500 employees, who have all individually been selected and communicated to. The costs of this plan are GH¢4.5 million in redundancy costs, GH¢2.5 million in retraining costs, and GH¢2.5 million in lease termination costs. The second plan is to re-organize the finance and information technology department over a one-year period but it does not commence until two years’ time. The plan will result in 20% of finance staff losing their jobs during the restructuring. The costs of this plan are GH¢5 million in redundancy costs, GH¢3 million in retraining costs, and GH¢3.5 million in equipment lease termination costs. There are no entries made in the financial statements for the above plans.

vi) The following information relates to the group pension plan of Accra Ltd:

1 April 2017 GH¢ million 31 March 2018 GH¢ million
Fair value of plan assets 14 14.5
Actuarial value of defined benefit obligation 15 17.5

The contributions for the period received by the fund were GH¢1 million, and the employee benefits paid in the year amounted to GH¢1.5 million. The discount rate to be used in any calculation is 5%. The current service cost for the period based on actuarial calculations is GH¢0.5 million. The above figures have not been taken into account for the year ended 31 March 2018 except for the contributions paid, which have been entered in cash and the defined benefit obligation.

Required:
Prepare the group consolidated statement of financial position of Accra Ltd as at 31 March 2018.
(Total: 20 marks)

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MA – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q5b – Standard costing and variance analysis

Calculation and interpretation of efficiency, capacity, and production volume ratios for Ghana National Gas Company.

Ghana National Gas Company is a gas processing company and has its plant located in Atuabo in the Western Region. The plant produces three gas products – Lean Gas (LG), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), and Natural Gas Condensate (NGC).

The standard time for the production of the products are:

  • LG – 40 minutes per metric tonne
  • LPG – 30 minutes per metric tonne
  • NGC – 45 minutes per metric tonne

The budget for the month of February is as follows:

  • LG – 45,000 metric tonnes
  • LPG – 25,000 metric tonnes
  • NGC – 30,000 metric tonnes

The actual data for the month were as follows:

  • Labour hours: 70,000 hours
  • Production: LG – 48,000 metric tonnes, LPG – 27,000 metric tonnes, NGC – 25,000 metric tonnes

Required:

i) Compute and interpret the efficiency ratio. (3 marks)

ii) Compute and interpret the capacity ratio. (3 marks)

iii) Compute and interpret the production volume or activity ratio. (3 marks)

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