Series: NOV 2017

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Assess key controls for an online trading business, evaluate associated risks with electronic data interchange, and suggest effective risk mitigation controls.

Young Entrepreneur Trading (YET) is an online trading business established by Yemisi Tumfere. YET sources household goods from various local and international manufacturers, placing orders online with suppliers. Customers also place online orders, and invoices are processed and sent to stores for dispatch through a network of delivery centers across the country.

YET, dissatisfied with its previous auditors, has approached your firm for the audit engagement, with professional clearance obtained. As the audit manager, you are responsible for the engagement, with several new trainees under your supervision who are unfamiliar with controls for online businesses.

Requirements:
a. Discuss FIVE controls an auditor should focus on to assess the effectiveness of controls in an online system like YET. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate FOUR risks associated with YET’s use of electronic data interchange in an online business and recommend FOUR effective controls to minimize these risks. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Audit Reporting

Discuss audit report modifications, draft modified report on grant treatment, and analyze auditor’s responsibilities regarding asset valuation.

During the audit of fixed assets for Next Engineering Plc as of December 31, 2016, two issues were encountered:

  1. The cost calculations for direct labor on assets under construction were destroyed, with the direct labor cost totaling ₦20,000,000.
  2. A government grant of ₦50,000,000, received for plant and equipment purchased during the year, was fully credited to the income statement as an exceptional item, though the plant and equipment have a 10-year useful life.

Requirements:
a. Discuss the general forms of modifications available to auditors in drafting their report and specify circumstances for each form.

(6 Marks)
b. Assuming a modified audit report is necessary regarding the government grant treatment, draft the relevant section (entire report not required).

(5 Marks)
c. Analyze the auditor’s general responsibility concerning the directors’ report on land and building valuation.

(4 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Evidence

Evaluate XYZ Bank’s provision for litigation, discuss audit procedures per ISA 501, and prepare litigation disclosure for financial statements.

You are the audit manager for XYZ Bank Limited for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Bank’s Board noted a litigation issue involving a lawsuit from BBB Limited, where the Bank was found liable for a cheque conversion worth ₦2.1 billion. The high court imposed a penalty on the Bank for this amount, which BBB Limited is now claiming.

The Bank has objected to the judgment, appealing to the Court of Appeal, with legal counsel advising that a favorable outcome is expected. The Bank’s litigation-related financial information is as follows:

  • Provision for litigation (recognized in financial statements): ₦96 million
  • Litigation cases as defendant: 50
  • Litigation cases as plaintiff: 10
  • Claims in favor of the Bank: ₦2.7 billion
  • Claims against the Bank (including the ₦2.1 billion case): ₦3.2 billion

Requirements:
a. Discuss FOUR specific considerations under ISA 501 for obtaining audit evidence on litigation provisions.

(5 Marks)
b. Evaluate the adequacy of the litigation provision recognized in the financial statements as at December 31, 2016.

(5 Marks)
c. Prepare a summary disclosure of the litigation status for inclusion in the financial statement notes as at December 31, 2016.

(5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q4 – Risk Management in Audits

Assess audit risks in taking on Pony Bank Plc, recommend management and audit firm actions to address financial statement risks, and draft a management letter.

The management of Pony Bank Plc and its wholly owned subsidiary, Ponte Micro Finance Bank Limited, engaged in fraudulent activities involving the arrangement of bogus loans amounting to ₦5.5 billion in worthless assets, which were undetected by the previous auditors. The former auditors attributed the oversight to a well-organized group within Pony Bank that actively deceived and obstructed the audit process to conceal their actions.

Your firm, Vic Viv & Co, has recently taken on the audit of Pony Bank Plc.

Requirements:
a. Advise the engagement partner on the risks involved in taking up the audit.

(4 Marks)
b. Recommend appropriate actions for management and your firm to address financial statement risks.

(8 Marks)
c. Prepare a management letter with two matters suitable for submission to the directors.

(8 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3 – Audit Reporting

Assess material and pervasive effects on financial statements, audit procedures, and draft audit report opinion paragraphs for Tophem Bank’s foreign associate investment.

Tophem Bank Nigeria Plc has been operational for 20 years, with your firm auditing the company for the past five years. During the year, Tophem acquired an investment in Accra Insurance Limited, a foreign associate, which is accounted for using the equity method and listed at ₦575 million on the Statement of Financial Position as of December 31, 2016. Tophem’s income for the year includes its share of Accra’s net income. However, the audit team was denied access to Accra’s management, auditors, and financial data.

Following a review of the audit file for the year ended December 31, 2016, your partner has recommended a modified opinion for the audit report, providing a draft outline and requesting your input to complete it.

Requirements:
a. Evaluate the circumstances under which a matter could be both material and pervasive in its effect on the financial statements.

(4 Marks)
b. Explain EIGHT appropriate procedures to follow in the audit assignment before finalizing the audit opinion.

(8 Marks)
c. Draft an appropriate basis of opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)
d. Draft an appropriate opinion paragraph suitable for inclusion in the auditor’s report.

(4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2 – Group Audits

Assess business risks for Chuks Zaka Limited post-acquisition, evaluate financial statement risks, and outline audit considerations.

Chuks Roberts Plc (CRP) operates as an auto-parts manufacturing company in Nigeria with headquarters in Lagos. CRP plans to manufacture drones for parcel distribution across Africa and has acquired Zaka Roberts Limited (ZRL), a South African company based in Johannesburg, to bring this plan to fruition.

Zaka previously specialized in manufacturing computer-controlled equipment for laboratories and other industries in Africa and the Middle East. The company was owned by five directors/shareholders who accepted CRP’s offer on February 1, 2016, to purchase Zaka’s manufacturing equipment, technology (patent-protected), Cape Town factory, and Johannesburg head office for US$450 million, representing 75% of Zaka’s value.

Effective March 31, 2016, Zaka ceased manufacturing, making most employees redundant except for a select few in marketing, accounts, and administration, with one month’s notice. The restructured entity, now named Chuks Zaka Limited (CZL), will operate as a marketing arm selling CRP’s drones in the South African region, with CRP holding a 55% stake.

Your firm has been CRP’s external auditor and is now engaged to audit CZL.

Required:
a. Analyse and evaluate the business risks that would be assessed by the management of CZL. (6 Marks)
b. Analyse and evaluate the business risks that would be assessed by the directors of CRP.

(6 Marks)
c. Assess and advise on the financial statements’ risks to be considered in planning the audit of CZL for the year ended December 31, 2016.

(8 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Quality Control in Audit Firms

Evaluate audit quality issues and procedures in response to a regulatory review of NigerKap Plc.

Bode, Ugo, Musa and Company is a firm of Chartered Accountants that has existed for over 20 years and achieved a strong reputation for quality audit work. The firm has expanded significantly over the past ten years – doubling its client base across different sectors of the Nigerian economy. The firm currently audits two banks, five listed entities, and over seventy other companies. It has also increased its audit staff base and grown the number of its partners from two to seven over the same period.

However, in the last two years, the firm has had a series of regulatory reviews due to several instances of errors noted in some financial statements audited by the firm. One of the clients, the shareholders of NigerKap Plc, petitioned the regulator over a misstatement in the value of their investment property. This resulted in an overstatement of profit and overpayment of taxes by the company based on the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The shareholders also threatened to take legal action against the firm.

The Managing Partner (MP) of the firm is very concerned about this situation and has commenced internal procedures to evaluate the quality of audits performed by the firm, especially for the NigerKap audit of 2015. A committee has been set up…

Required:
Discuss the internal procedures that Bode, Ugo, Musa and Company should implement to improve audit quality and prevent further regulatory issues.

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Portfolio Management

Evaluate investment risk in different portfolio scenarios and explain the implications of beta and alpha values for KT Plc’s equity.

a. In the context of the selection and holding of investments, discuss each of the following scenarios:

i. An investor holding only one security needs to be concerned with the unsystematic risk of that security. (3 Marks)

ii. However, an investor who holds a number of securities should take account of total risk. (3 Marks)

iii. An investor should never add to a portfolio an investment that yields a return less than the market rate of return. (3 Marks)

b. The equity beta of KT Plc. is 1.2 and the equity alpha is 1.4. Explain the meaning and significance of these values to the company. (6 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Ethical Issues in Financial Management

Explore ethical considerations in capital investment and apply the Black-Scholes model in company valuation.

You have recently taken up employment with Large Plc., a Nigerian company with manufacturing subsidiaries in many countries across Africa. As the Financial Analyst, you report directly to the Managing Director who currently requires briefings on the following areas:

(i) Ethical issues and capital investment decisions,
(ii) Options and company valuation

Required:

a. Explain, with examples, ethical issues that might affect capital investment decisions and discuss the importance of such issues for Strategic Financial Management. (8 Marks)

b. Explain the circumstances in which the Black-Scholes Option Pricing (BSOP) model could be used to assess the value of a company, including the data required for the variables used in the model. (7 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5 – Corporate Governance and Financial Strategy

Identify stakeholder financial objectives and discuss methods to incentivize directors to maximize shareholder wealth.

Private sector companies have multiple stakeholders who are likely to have divergent interests.

Required:

(a) Identify FIVE stakeholder groups and discuss briefly their financial objectives.
(10 Marks)

(b) Explain ways in which companies’ directors can be encouraged to achieve the objective of maximisation of shareholders’ wealth.
(5 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q4a – Economic environment for multinational organizations

Discusses five ways in which government action can affect the decision-making role of a finance manager.

The economic environment within which the Financial Manager must operate is subject to a variety of influences, one of which is from the government.

Required:
Explain FIVE areas in which government action might affect the problem-solving and decision-making roles of a Finance Manager. (10 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3 – Valuation of acquisitions and mergers

Calculating the valuation per share for minority and complete takeover of Fasco and Boscan, and discussing limitations of the approach.

Zed Ltd is considering the immediate purchase of some, or all, of the share capital of one of two firms—Fasco Ltd and Boscan Ltd. Both Fasco Ltd and Boscan Ltd have one million ordinary shares issued, and neither company has any debt capital outstanding.

Both firms are expected to pay a dividend in one year’s time—Fasco’s expected dividend amounting to 30p per share, and Boscan’s being 27p per share. Dividends will be paid annually and are expected to increase over time. Fasco’s dividends are expected to display perpetual growth at a compound rate of 6% per annum. Boscan’s dividend will grow at the high annual compound rate of 33⅓% until a dividend of 64p per share is reached in year 4. Thereafter, Boscan’s dividend will remain constant.

If Zed is able to purchase all the equity capital of either firm, then the reduced competition would enable Zed to save some advertising and administrative costs, which would amount to GH¢225,000 per annum indefinitely, and, in year 2, to sell some office space for GH¢800,000. These benefits and savings will only occur if a complete takeover is carried out. Zed would change some operations of any company completely taken over, the details are:

  • Fasco – No dividend would be paid until year 3. Year 3 dividend would be 25p per share, and dividends would then grow at 10% per annum indefinitely.
  • Boscan – No change in total dividends in years 1 to 4, but after year 4, dividend growth would be 25% per annum compound until year 7. Thereafter, annual dividends would remain constant at the year 7 amount per share.

An appropriate discount rate for the risk inherent in all the cash flows mentioned is 15%.

Required:
a) Calculate the valuation per share for a minority investment in each of the firms, Fasco and Boscan, which would provide the investor with a 15% rate of return. (6 marks)

b) Calculate the maximum amount per share which Zed should consider paying for each company in the event of a complete takeover. (8 marks)

c) Comment on any limitation of the approach used in part (a), and specify the other major factors which would be important to consider if the proposed valuations were being undertaken as a practical exercise. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2 – Sources of finance and cost of capital

Calculation of the cost of capital using the WACC and CAPM methods for a company and discussing when to use the cost of equity or WACC for discounting.

Animal Farm Product Ltd, (AFP), a manufacturer of veterinary medicines for farm animals, wishes to estimate its current cost of capital.

The following figures have been extracted from their most recent accounts:

Other relevant data:

  • The current market value of AFP’s ordinary shares is GH¢12.50 per share cum-dividend. AFP’s beta is 1.4, the risk-free rate is 3%, and the return on the SEC index (the market proxy) is 8%. An annual dividend of GH¢800,000 is due for payment shortly.
  • The 8% debentures are irredeemable and are trading at a current market value of GH¢106.00, a GH¢6.00 premium over their issue price of GH¢100.00. Semi-annual interest of GH¢4 million has just been paid on the debentures.
  • The 6% preference shares are trading at a current market value of GH¢6.00, a GH¢1 above their issue price of GH¢5.00. Interest has just been paid on these preference shares.
  • There have been no issues or redemptions of ordinary shares or debentures during the past five years, and the corporation tax rate remains at 12.5%. Assume that tax relief on the debenture interest arises at the same time as the interest payment.

Required:

a) Calculate the cost of capital that AFP should use as a discount rate when appraising new marginal investment opportunities. (11 marks)

b) Explain when firms should discount projects using:

  • The cost of equity;
  • The WACC instead; and
  • When should they use neither? You may use the information and your results in part (a) as examples. (6 marks)

c) Discuss what type of covenants might be attached to bonds. (3 marks)

 

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  • 3 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1d – Hedging against financial risk: Non-derivative techniques

Recommendations on how to minimize the loss on foreign currency transactions for a multinational company involved in export trade.

In the last couple of years, the Cedi has depreciated substantially against the US Dollar. It is also noticed that the Cedi has had volatile movements against the Pounds Sterling since the beginning of year 2017.

Required: As a Finance Director of your organization, a multinational company which is involved in the export trade, recommend THREE actions to be taken to minimize the loss on foreign currency transactions.

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  • 2 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1c – Treasury and Advanced Risk Management Techniques

Calculating the portfolio risk (beta coefficient) for a combined investment in government securities and the stock market.

Your Uncle has won lotteries and has decided to invest the funds in various securities. His financial advisor advised him to invest 40% of the proceeds into Government Securities (Treasury Bills) and the balance invested in the Stock Market, with funds spread equally among the securities listed on the market.

Required: Advise your Uncle’s Portfolio risk (beta coefficient).

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  • 6 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1b – Sources of finance and cost of capital

Analyzing financing alternatives for working capital of GH¢100,000 through bank loan, promissory notes, and cash discount.

Abbot Ltd needs to increase its working capital by GH¢100,000. It has decided that there are essentially three alternatives of financing available. They are:

i) Borrow from a bank at 8%. This alternative would necessitate maintaining a 25% compensation balance.

ii) Issue promissory notes at 7.5%. The cost of placing the issue would be GH¢500 each six months.

iii) Forego cash discount, granted on the basis of 3/10, net 30.

The firm prefers the flexibility of bank financing, and has provided an additional cost of this flexibility to be 1%.

Required: Assess which alternative financing method should be selected.

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  • 9 Marks

AFM – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q1a – Role and Responsibility towards Stakeholders

Explains two reasons why interest rates rise in periods of inflation and discuss the implications of high or fluctuating interest rates on business financing and asset-holding decisions.

Under conditions of inflation, it is common for interest rates to rise possibly at a rate different from those applicable to goods and services.

Required:
i) Explain TWO possible reasons for this phenomenon.

(3 marks)

ii)

Discuss the implications of high or fluctuating interest rates for:

  • Business financing; and (3 marks)
  • Assets-holding decisions. (3 marks)

(Give examples of the types of actions that a company might take)

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  • 4 Marks

CR – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q3b – Financial instruments: Presentation and disclosure 511

Advise on the financial reporting issues arising from the impact of credit risk on debt instruments.

b) Duakwanta is a listed company which manufactures personal computers (PCs). It is preparing its financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2019 and would like to seek advice on the following accounting issue:

During the year, Duakwanta issued a debt finance to the financial markets to fund its expansion plans. This was a very significant debt issue for Duakwanta. After the issue, the market price of each block of debt on the market fell by approximately 10%. The financial press has stated that the reason for the fall is due to an increase in the company’s credit risk, as the market players are worried by the size of the interest payments on Duakwanta’s operating cash flows.

Required:
Advise the directors as to the financial reporting issues arising from the above scenario and explain the appropriate treatment in Duakwanta’s financial statements. (4 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

CR – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5d – Regulatory Framework and Ethics

Discuss the implications of compliance or non-compliance with the ethical code of conduct for professional accountants.

A distinguishing mark of the accountancy profession is its acceptance of the responsibility to act in the public interest. Therefore, a professional accountant’s responsibility is not exclusively to satisfy the needs of an individual client or employer. In acting in the public interest, a professional accountant should observe and comply with the ethical requirements of the IFAC’s Code of Ethics. All accounting professionals are responsible for acting in the public interest, and for promoting professional ethics.

Required:
Comment on the implications of compliance or non-compliance of the ethical code of conduct by professional accountants.

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  • 3 Marks

CR – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q5c – Regulatory Framework and Ethics

Discuss the impact of a partner’s family relationship on the objectivity and independence of the audit firm.

Mr. Odorkor Asare is a partner of Fobes Chartered Accountants, an auditing firm. Mr. Asare was informed by the other partners to take a “compulsory leave” because he was in breach of the firm’s independence rules as his wife was the Finance Director of Millenium Insurance (an audit client). He was to resume after completion of the audit. Mr. Asare was disturbed by this notice even though he was not the reporting partner.

Required:
Discuss the stance taken by the other partners of the firm and its effect on the objectivity of Fobes Chartered Accountants.

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