Series: MAY 2019

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Culture and Strategy

Advise management trainees on the role of culture in organizations and analyze stakeholder theory with underpinning considerations.

Question

a) In an attempt to establish the link between culture and ethics as well as between culture and social responsibility, advise a set of management trainees on:
i. The role of culture in an organization or company. (2 Marks)
ii. Outline any FOUR of the SIX inter-related elements of culture suggested by Johnson and Scholes in their idea of the cultural context of ethics. (8 Marks)

b) Since business entities operate within society, the professional accountant is required to know the theories on the responsibilities of a business entity towards the society in which it operates.
Analyse the stakeholder theory of corporate governance and advise on any TWO considerations underpinning this theory. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Governance, Ethics, Organizational Culture, Social responsibility, Stakeholder Theory
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate Culture and Strategy
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Advise on the importance of transparency and disclosure in corporate governance and explain the principles for a new board member.

Question

The need for transparency and disclosure in financial markets is recognised in codes and statements of principles of corporate governance.

a) Advise the Board of a company on the importance of ‘Transparency and Disclosure’ in corporate governance. (5 Marks)

b) Present the principles of disclosure and communication of information in Corporate Governance in a lucid manner that will be comprehensible to a new Board member. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Communication Principles, Corporate Governance, Disclosure, Transparency
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate Governance
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain diversification strategy and advise Shacks Limited on factors favoring concentric diversification.

Question

Shacks Limited is a company involved in the production of radio cassettes and photographic films. In the past two decades, the company had the greatest share of the market for these products. However, technological advancements resulting in the development of DVDs and digital photographs have greatly eroded the competitiveness of the company. To reposition Shacks Limited and make it more competitive, the management is considering concentric diversification as the strategy to pursue.

(a) Explain the term ‘diversification strategy’. (5 Marks)

(b) From the given scenario, advise the management of Shacks Limited on the key factors that indicate preference for concentric diversification strategy. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Competitive Positioning, Concentric Diversification, Diversification Strategy, Market Share
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate Strategy Formulation
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Advise on the nature of a corporate code of ethics, reasons for developing it, and provisions for employees and customers.

Question

Drewal and Taiwo jointly established a plastic company after a long period of economic recession. The Board of Directors is in the process of drawing out the corporate code of ethics for the company. Advise it on:
a) The nature of a corporate code of ethics. (2 Marks)
b) THREE basic reasons for developing a company’s code of ethics. (6 Marks)
c) Any FIVE general provisions that a corporate code of ethics should specify. (5 Marks)
d) FOUR provisions or statements the corporate code of ethics should have in respect of employees and any THREE in respect of customers. (7 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Code of Ethics, Customer Relations, Employee conduct, Ethical Practices, Governance
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate Governance, Ethics in Business
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3b – Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Draft CSR implementation steps and highlight the importance of sustainable development to society.

Question

i) Draft a recommendation on the steps to be taken by a company in the implementation of a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policy. (12 Marks)
ii) Present ‘Sustainable Development’ in a way that highlights its importance to society. (3 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Social Responsibility, Implementation Steps, Social Impact, Sustainable Development
Level: Level 2

Topic: Corporate social responsibility
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Distinguish five types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

Question

Distinguish FIVE (5) types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

Answer

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Tags: Risk Management, Types of Risk
Level: Level 2

Topic: Risk Management and Corporate Strategy
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discuss the elements of a risk management system, Board committee functions in risk management, and six categories of business risks from the Turnbull Report.

Question

The Code of Corporate Governance in Nigeria states that “the Board of Directors may establish a Risk Management Committee to review the adequacy and effectiveness of risk management and controls at least annually and the Board has responsibility to report on the effectiveness of the controls to shareholders.”

a) In line with the requirements above, discuss the elements of a risk management system. (8 Marks)

b)
(i) Advise an executive director on the functions of the Board Committee in relation to enterprise risk management. (6 Marks)
(ii) Extract from the Turnbull Report, the six (6) categories of risk common to business. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Board Committees, Enterprise Risk Management, Risk Management, Turnbull Report
Level: Level 2

Topic: Risk Management and Corporate Strategy
Series: MAY 2019

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q1 – Environmental Analysis

Prepare a business environment and competitive analysis for UBC Plc's intended investment in GSM phone manufacturing using SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, and Kant’s categorical imperative.

Question

a. You have just been contracted by UBC Plc to prepare a business plan on the company’s intended investment in the manufacture of GSM phones in the country. The following is a summary of the brief given to you and your own research:

UBC Plc is a multinational conglomerate involved in the manufacture and distribution of computer hardware accessories, networking hardware and allied products. With experience spanning four decades in the industry, the company’s products enjoy a lion’s share of the market. As part of its diversification strategy aimed at sustaining its competitive advantage, the company intends to start the production of GSM phones, targeting the mass market in the country.
The company plans to control at least 40% of the low-end GSM phone market in the country in the next five years.
UBC Plc possesses the requisite human resources and physical facilities necessary for the successful takeoff and growth of the new venture. The company also intends to leverage its extensive distribution network for its IT products covering major cities within the West African sub-region to distribute its new GSM phones.
The company also has modern equipment which can easily be converted into the production of GSM phones at little cost without significantly affecting the current production levels of other products. When this is done, the equipment will be able to produce more than 5 million GSM phones per annum.
While the company intends to expand its production capacity radically within the first few years of manufacturing GSM phones, it is still struggling to cope with the country’s incessant electric power failure which has made the company rely almost exclusively on the use of generators to power its equipment. This constitutes the bulk of its overhead costs.
The firm has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with a group of reputable firms abroad, which guarantees a steady supply of all required components and inputs.
The current value of the annual GSM phone demand in the country is estimated at N520 billion. Estimated demand growth rate is put at 5%. There is currently no local producer, as all of the GSM phones in the market are imported. However, there is currently a large number of local firms that act as distributors to foreign producers.
Except for regulations aimed at ensuring that only high-quality products are manufactured, there are currently no legal restrictions on local production of GSM phones. Furthermore, to encourage manufacturing, the government offers tax holidays to all manufacturers in the first five years of operation.
The estimated cost per unit of GSM phones designed for the mass market in the country is put at N8,000 while the current average price stands at N10,000.

Required:
a.
(i) A business environment analysis using SWOT and PESTEL analyses. (10 Marks)
(ii) A competitive analysis using the Porter’s Five Forces Model. (15 Marks)

b. Advise on Kant’s categorical imperative. (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business Strategy, Categorical Imperative, Kant, Market Entry, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, SWOT
Level: Level 2

Topic: Environment analysis
Series: MAY 2019

PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Compare NPV and IRR methods, state decision rules, and apply NPV to evaluate two investment projects for selection.

Question

a. Distinguish between net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) and state the decision rule under both criteria. (8 Marks)

b. Two projects A and B have initial capital investment of N900,000 each. The cash inflows of the two projects are as follows:

Required:
i. As a financial analyst, calculate the net present value (NPV) of the two projects given a cost of capital of 12%. (6 Marks)
ii. Based on the results obtained in (i), which of the projects should be chosen? (1 Mark)

Answer

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Tags: Discounted Cash Flow, Internal Rate of Return, Investment Appraisal, Net Present Value, Project Selection
Level: Level 2

Series: MAY 2019

PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Explain cost-benefit analysis, its evaluation methods, and justify its preference as a public project appraisal technique.

Question

The cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has been described as the most popular technique for investment project appraisal in the public sector, especially in the developing world.

Required:

a. Describe the term cost-benefit analysis (CBA). (5 Marks)

b. Identify and explain the two methods usually adopted in the evaluation of projects under CBA. (4 Marks)

c. Justify the preference for CBA as a public project appraisal technique. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: CBA Justification, Cost-benefit analysis, Evaluation Methods, Project Appraisal, public sector investment
Level: Level 2

Topic: Performance Measurement in the Public Sector
Series: MAY 2019

FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1c – Associates and Joint Ventures (IAS 28)

Explain the accounting treatment of an associate's results in separate and consolidated accounts.

Question

Abuja Plc, a company with a subsidiary, acquired 7,500,000 shares out of the 30 million ₦1 ordinary shares in Abaji Ltd for ₦15 million on 1 January 2018. In the year to 31 December 2018, Abaji Ltd earned a profit after tax of ₦6 million, from which it declared a dividend of ₦1,500,000.

Required:
Explain how Abaji Limited’s result should be accounted for in the separate and consolidated accounts of Abuja Plc for the year ended 31 December 2018.

Answer

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Tags: associate company, consolidated accounts, Equity Accounting, separate accounts
Level: Level 2

Topic: Associates and joint ventures
Series: MAY 2019

FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Ajakaye Group Ltd, considering fair value adjustments and intra-group transactions.

Question

You are provided with the following statement of financial position for Ajakaye Limited and Ajalorun Limited.

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 March 2019	Ajakaye Ltd (₦’000)	Ajalorun Ltd (₦’000)
Non-current assets
Property, Plant & Equipment	367,500	84,000
Investment	140,000	–
Total non-current assets	507,500	84,000
Current assets
Inventory at cost	154,000	49,000
Trade receivables	101,500	73,500
Bank balance	70,000	–
Total current assets	325,500	122,500
Total assets	833,000	206,500
Equity and liabilities
Ordinary shares at ₦1 each	490,000	119,000
Retained earnings	150,500	35,000
Total equity	640,500	154,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables	192,500	38,500
Bank overdraft	–	14,000
Total current liabilities	192,500	52,500
Total equity and liabilities	833,000	206,500

Additional Information:

Ajakaye Ltd acquired 70% of the issued ordinary share capital of Ajalorun Ltd four years ago, when the retained earnings of Ajalorun were ₦14 million. There has been no impairment of goodwill.
For the purpose of the acquisition, property, plant & equipment with a carrying amount of ₦35 million was revalued to its fair value of ₦42 million. The revaluation was not recorded in the accounts of Ajalorun Ltd. Depreciation is charged at 20% using the straight-line method.
It is the group’s policy to value non-controlling interest at fair value.
The market price of the shares of the non-controlling shareholders just before the acquisition was ₦1.50.
Ajakaye Ltd sells goods to Ajalorun Ltd at a markup of 25%. At 31 March 2019, the inventories of Ajalorun Ltd included ₦31.5 million of goods purchased from Ajakaye Ltd.
Ajalorun Ltd owes Ajakaye Ltd ₦24.5 million for goods purchased, and Ajakaye Ltd owes Ajalorun Ltd ₦10.5 million.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Ajakaye Group Ltd as at 31 March 2019.

Answer

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Tags: Consolidation, Goodwill, Group Accounts, Non-Controlling Interest, Statement of Financial Position
Level: Level 2

Topic: Consolidated Financial Statements
Series: MAY 2019

FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Explain the usefulness of consolidated financial statements

Question

Explain why consolidated financial statements are useful to the users of financial statements as opposed to just the parent company’s separate financial statements.

Answer

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Tags: Consolidation, Goodwill, Parent Company, Statement of Financial Position
Level: Level 2

Topic: Consolidated Financial Statements
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q7b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Explain the concept of a sinking fund and calculate equal annual payments needed to accumulate a replacement fund.

Question

i) Any entity that issues a bond to raise capital would need to pay off the bond when it matures. Paying the debt early via a sinking fund saves a company interest expense and prevents the company from being put in financial difficulties in the future if economic or financial conditions worsen.

Required:
What is a sinking fund? (3 marks)

ii) The owner of a Business Centre purchased a robust photocopier for serving the UG University Students Community. The photocopier is expected to be replaced after 10 years. He therefore decided to set up a sinking fund and pay an equal annual amount to realize GH¢50,000, being the replacement cost.

Required:
Compute the equal annual amount he should invest if the interest rate per annum is 10%. (4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Debt Repayment, Equal Payments, Interest Rate, Sinking Fund
Level: Level 1

Topic: Mathematics of Business Finance
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q7a – Linear Programming

Formulate a linear programming model for maximizing profit using decision variables and constraints.

Question

Joycarpap Ltd manufactures and sells three models of affordable toys: Car, Joy, and Pap. Each model requires a specific amount of fabrication hours, material worth, and assembly hours as shown in the table below:

There are 210 fabrication hours available, 170 hours of assembly available, and materials worth GH¢200 in stock. Market research conducted by the company revealed that demand for the toys is such that, in whatever combination of the three models produced, all of the output can be sold within a week.

Each Car contributes GH¢15 to profit, each Joy contributes GH¢20 to profit, and each Pap contributes GH¢14 to profit. Using $X_{1}$ , $X_{2}$ , $X_{3}$ as decision variables, and $S_{1}$ , $S_{2}$ , $S_{3}$ as slack variables, and $P$ as total profit:

Required:
i) Formulate a linear programming problem. (4 marks)

ii) Set up the initial Simplex Tableau. (4 marks)

iii) Determine the total profit in the first iteration. (5 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Constraints, Decision Variables, Linear Programming, Profit Maximization, Simplex Method
Level: Level 1

Topic: Linear Programming
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q6b – Probability

Calculate probabilities based on student survey data regarding their favorite sports.

Question

A survey of The Institute of Chartered Accountants (Ghana) students asked the question: “What is your favourite sport?” The results are summarized below:

Level	Football	Boxing	Hockey	Total
1	68	41	46	155
2	84	56	70	210
3	59	74	47	180
Total	211	171	163	545

Required: i) What is the probability of selecting a student whose favourite sport is boxing? (2 marks)

ii) What is the probability of selecting a Level 1 student? (2 marks)

iii) If the student selected is a Level 2 student, what is the probability that the student prefers hockey? (3 marks)

iv) If the student selected is a Level 2 student, what is the probability that the student prefers football or hockey? (3 marks)

v) If the student selected prefers football, what is the probability that the student is a Level 1 student? (3 marks)

vi) If the student selected is a Level 3 student, what is the probability that the student prefers football, boxing, or hockey? (3 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Conditional Probability, Probability, Probability Calculation, Survey Data
Level: Level 1

Topic: Probability
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q6a – Probability

Define collectively exhaustive events and complement of an event in probability theory.

Question

Define the following terms in probability theory:

i) Collectively exhaustive events (2 marks)
ii) The complement of an event (2 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Collectively Exhaustive Events, Complement of Event, Probability Theory
Level: Level 1

Topic: Probability
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q5b – Forecasting

Compute 5-period moving averages, weighted moving averages, and comment on their suitability for forecasting

Question

The number of enquiries being made to a mail order business during a Monday to Friday working week is given as:

Week	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday
1	34	36	24	25	41
2	33	34	24	23	43
3	35	37	25	25	47

Required: i) Plot the data on a graph.
ii) Compute a 5-period moving average for the data.
iii) Compute a ‘weighted’ moving average for the data if the smoothing constant is $α = 0.5$ .
iv) Superimpose the graphs of (ii) and (iii) on your graph in (i) above.
v) Comment on the suitability of the two smoothing methods above. (16 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Data Plotting, Forecasting, Moving Averages, Time series, Weighted Moving Averages
Level: Level 1

Topic: Forecasting
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q5a – Forecasting

Explain the concepts of moving averages and exponential smoothing in time series forecasting.

Question

The objective of smoothing methods is to smooth out the random variations due to irregular components of the time series and provide an overall impression of the pattern of movement in the data over time.

Required:
Explain the following smoothing methods:

i) Moving averages (2 marks)
ii) Exponential smoothing (2 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Exponential Smoothing, Forecasting, Moving Averages, Smoothing Methods, Time series
Level: Level 1

Topic: Forecasting
Series: MAY 2019

QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q4b – Probability

Solve problems involving normal distribution, life spans, and warranty calculation using Z-scores.

Question

CarJoy Manufacturing Company produces electronic components that have life spans normally distributed with mean $μ$ hours and standard deviation hours. Only 1% of the components have a life span less than 3,500 hours and 2.5% have a life span greater than 5,500 hours.

Required:
i) By standardizing the values of $X$ to the standard normal values, obtain TWO (2) linear equations in $μ$ and $σ$ . (4 marks)

ii) Using an appropriate method of solving simultaneous equations, determine the value of $μ$ and $σ$ in (i) above. (4 marks)

iii) Determine the proportion of electronic components with life spans between 4,120.50 hours and 5,052.45 hours. (4 marks)

iv) If the company gives a warranty of 4,000 hours on the components, find the percentage of components the company is expected to replace under the warranty. (4 marks)

Answer

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Tags: Normal distribution, Probability, Standard Deviation, Warranty Calculation, Z-scores
Level: Level 1

Topic: Probability
Series: MAY 2019

Series: MAY 2019

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Culture and Strategy

Advise management trainees on the role of culture in organizations and analyze stakeholder theory with underpinning considerations.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Advise on the importance of transparency and disclosure in corporate governance and explain the principles for a new board member.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain diversification strategy and advise Shacks Limited on factors favoring concentric diversification.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Advise on the nature of a corporate code of ethics, reasons for developing it, and provisions for employees and customers.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3b – Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Draft CSR implementation steps and highlight the importance of sustainable development to society.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Distinguish five types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discuss the elements of a risk management system, Board committee functions in risk management, and six categories of business risks from the Turnbull Report.

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q1 – Environmental Analysis

Prepare a business environment and competitive analysis for UBC Plc's intended investment in GSM phone manufacturing using SWOT, PESTEL, Porter’s Five Forces, and Kant’s categorical imperative.

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PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q7 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Compare NPV and IRR methods, state decision rules, and apply NPV to evaluate two investment projects for selection.

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PSAF – MAY 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Performance Measurement in the Public Sector

Explain cost-benefit analysis, its evaluation methods, and justify its preference as a public project appraisal technique.

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FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1c – Associates and Joint Ventures (IAS 28)

Explain the accounting treatment of an associate's results in separate and consolidated accounts.

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FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1b – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position of Ajakaye Group Ltd, considering fair value adjustments and intra-group transactions.

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FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1a – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Explain the usefulness of consolidated financial statements

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q7b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Explain the concept of a sinking fund and calculate equal annual payments needed to accumulate a replacement fund.

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q7a – Linear Programming

Formulate a linear programming model for maximizing profit using decision variables and constraints.

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q6b – Probability

Calculate probabilities based on student survey data regarding their favorite sports.

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q6a – Probability

Define collectively exhaustive events and complement of an event in probability theory.

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q5b – Forecasting

Compute 5-period moving averages, weighted moving averages, and comment on their suitability for forecasting

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q5a – Forecasting

Explain the concepts of moving averages and exponential smoothing in time series forecasting.

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QT – May 2019 – L1 – Q4b – Probability

Solve problems involving normal distribution, life spans, and warranty calculation using Z-scores.

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