Series: JULY 2023

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q6b – Conflicts of Interest and Ethical Conflict Resolution

Explain the ICSA guidance on decisions that the board should reserve for itself and not delegate to individual or executive managers.

The Director of Human Resources and Organisational Development is concerned that her recent presentation about matrix management structure and performance management should be sent to the board for approval. Prof. Ernest Kofi Mensah vehemently disagrees. He referred her to the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA) guidance.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) of the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA) guidance on decision-making responsibilities that the board should reserve to itself and should not be delegated to individual or executive managers to confirm and comment on the view that the Director of Human Resources and Organisational Development’s matrix structure presented is not one of the issues which require board approval before implementation.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q6a – Professional Practice and Codes of Ethics

Explain five reasons why the Director of Finance and Operations might project finance over other functions.

Some of the SavvyTech plc management team is concerned that the Director of Finance and Operations is domineering during the acquisition engagement processes at meetings. The Director of Finance and Operations mentioned in anger that ‘arguably, accountancy has an influence on business and government and that is both:
i) continuous and
ii) more extensive than any other profession’.

Required:
As a newly qualified Chartered Accountant responsible for code of ethics in SavvyTech plc, identify and explain FIVE (5) reasons in support of why the Director of Finance and Operations seems to be projecting finance over other functions.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q5b – Sources of Finance

Explain two benefits of increasing long-term capital using retained profits.

When companies retain profits in the business, the increase in the retained profits adds to equity reserves. This view was suggested by SavvyTech plc management team to the board. The Board is not convinced and seek further explanation.

Required:
Explain TWO (2) benefits to the board of directors on what it means to increase long-term capital using retained profits in SavvyTech plc.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q5a – International financial management

Calculate the group profits from the sale of HVSC based on the transfer price set at market price and 25% of Utopia's unit cost.

As the Head of Finance of SavvyTech plc, the Director of Finance and Operations has assigned you to use the forecast data (Table 8) and the “additional information” provided to calculate the following to support engagement by the management team with the Board.

Required:
Calculate the group profits to be realised from the sale of HVSC, if the transfer price for the component is set at its market price, which is GH¢26 per unit (total Ghana cost) plus 25% of Utopia’s unit cost.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q4 – Controlling Risk

Prepare an internal memo on how SavvyTech's board can show commitment to risk management and create a risk-aware culture.

Essential aspects of risk management and control are the culture within the organisation. The culture within the organisation is set by the board of directors and senior management (the tone at the top), but it should be shared by every manager and employee.

Required:
You are the ‘Risk and Assurance Manager’ of SavvyTech plc with the responsibility of creating a culture of risk awareness in the organisation. Prepare an internal memo for the management team to be discussed with the board of directors on what they must do to show their own commitment to risk management in the things that they say and do.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q3b – Strategy Implementation

Identify and explain four reasons why SavvyTech needs to research, innovate, and develop existing and new products.

Business entities must innovate to survive and grow. The Director of Marketing and Sales, in a meeting, presented a product market annual performance analysis report and highlighted that the sales trend of the ‘Wrist Organiser 3b’, introduced in 2018, reduced by 75% in 2022 and by 50% in 2021.

Required:
As a member of SavvyTech plc management team, identify and explain FOUR (4) reasons why it is necessary to research, innovate and develop existing and new products as an organisation.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q3a – Strategy Implementation

Identify and explain five internal triggers of change at SavvyTech plc with examples from the case study.

Change happens continually within organisations, and the markets within which SavvyTech plc operate are not an exception. Strategic development inevitably results in some changes, which need careful management. Some of SavvyTech plc’s internal triggers of change are motivated or caused by developments within the organisation.

Required:
Review SavvyTech plc case study, identify, and explain FIVE (5) internal triggers of change with specific examples from the case.

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q2b – Strategy Implementation

Explain three broad corporate parenting styles described by Goold and Campbell that SavvyTech might adopt.

SavvyTech plc’s management team is debating the corporate parenting strategy that should be adopted. Corporate parenting refers to the relationship between the Head Office and the strategic business unit staff in Utopia.

Required:
As a lead consultant, explain to SavvyTech plc management team THREE (3) broad parenting styles that might be adopted as described by Goold and Campbell (1991).

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SCS – July 2023 – L3 – Q1b – Controlling Risk

Explain why FCA might be difficult to use for the HVSC discussion at SavvyTech.

After the presentation of the SAM four-step approach to the management team, the Director of Finance and Operations made the following statement: ‘The data required for FCA is usually only available in organisations that are at the forefront in responding to the environmental agenda’ (Bebbington, Gray, Hibbitt, and Kirt, 2001).

Required:
Explain to the management team why it might be difficult to use FCA to support the ongoing discussion about the new product HVSC.

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q3b – Regulatory framework and ethics

Identify ethical issues in financial statement adjustments and recommend actions for the new Finance Director to address these breaches.

b) Axim Manufacturing plc has just employed Mr. Kennedy Owusu as the Finance Director of the company. The previous Finance Director, Mr. Ebenezer Anokye, completed the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021 before he left. The Auditors of the company are also done with the audit of the financial statement for the year, expressing an unmodified opinion on the accounts. Mr. Ebenezer Anokye is loved by the General staff, Management members and the Board of Directors for his ability in making the organisation profitable over the years, and “guaranteeing” increased end-of-year bonus payments to staff, as a consequence.

Mr. Kennedy Owusu wanted to familiarise himself with the operations of the company, and therefore decided to go through the financial statements for the previous year. He is dismayed to find several errors in the financial statements. The previous Finance Director, Mr. Ebenezer Anokye, passed several adjusting entries in January, 2022 to reflect in the 2021 financial statements. In one of such instances, Mr. Ebenezer Anokye recognised revenue on a large order received on December 28, 2021 but shipped on January 3, 2022. The narration or explanation given to this adjusting entry is, “omission of previous year sales, now recorded”.

Also, purchase of inventory in October 2021, which was fully sold by the end of the year had been recognised in January 2022. Finally, depreciation expense had been reduced by GH¢230,000. All these adjustments were designed to increase profit after tax or earnings per share, culminating in increased bonus payment to Management and the General staff.

Required:

i) Identify the ethical issues involved in the adjustments made by Mr. Ebenezer Anokye.

(5 marks)

ii) Recommend the possible actions that Mr. Kennedy Owusu, the new Finance Director, should take to resolve the ethical breaches and to reverse the wrong accounting treatments. (5 marks)

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q3a – IAS 36: Impairment of assets

Apply IAS 36 to determine impairment of a cash-generating unit, including goodwill allocation and fair value considerations.

a) Sandoo Ltd is a company which manufactures machinery for industrial use and has a year end of 31 December 2021. The directors of Sandoo Ltd require advice on the following transaction:

i) Sandoo Ltd acquired a cash-generating unit (CGU) several years ago but, at 31 December 2021, the directors of Sandoo Ltd were concerned that the value of the CGU had declined because of a reduction in sales due to new competitors entering the market. At 31 December 2021, the carrying amounts of the assets in the CGU before any impairment testing were:

ii) The fair values of the Property, Plant and Equipment and the other assets at 31 December 2021 were GH¢20 million and GH¢34 million respectively and their costs to sell were GH¢200,000 and GH¢600,000 respectively. The CGU’s cash flow forecasts for the next five years are as follows:

iii) The pre-tax discount rate for the CGU is 8% and the post-tax discount rate is 6%. Sandoo Ltd has no plans to expand the capacity of the CGU and believes that a reorganisation would bring cost savings but, no plan has been approved. The directors of Sandoo Ltd need advice as to whether the CGU’s value is impaired. The following extract from a table of present value factors has been detailed below:

Required: With reference to relevant International Financial Reporting Standards: Advise the directors of Sandoo Ltd on how the above transactions should be accounted for in its financial statements as at 31 December 2021.

(10 marks)

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q2c – IFRS 16: Leases

Account for a finance lease from the lessor's perspective under IFRS 16, including initial recognition and subsequent measurement of lease receivable.

c) On 1 January 2021 Partey Leasing PLC (Partey), acquired a large-scale custom-made equipment and leased it to Mane Ltd (Mane) for six years. Mane makes annual payments of GH¢10 million, commencing on 31 December 2021. The equipment has a useful life of seven years. Mane is responsible for insuring and maintaining the equipment, and is required to pay additional GH¢1.5 million at the end of each year provided a defined performance target is met. Mane has guaranteed that the value of the equipment at 31 December 2026 will not be less than GH¢1 million, although Partey anticipates that the open market value at that date will be approximately GH¢2.5 million. The costs incurred by Partey and Mane in arranging the lease amounted to GH¢2.1 million and GH¢1.6 million respectively. The rate of interest implicit in the lease is 9.49% per annum. Mane achieved the defined performance target on 31 December 2021 and made the required payment.

Required: In line with IFRS 16: Leases, explain how Partey would account for the above lease in its financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2021.

(7 marks)

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q2B – IFRS 2: Share-Based Payments

Account for the share-based payment scheme under IFRS 2 and prepare relevant extracts for profit or loss and statement of financial position.

On 1 April 2020, each of the seven (7) directors of Jantua Ltd received 16,000 share options as an award. Jantua Ltd prepares its accounts to 31 March each year. The condition attached to the award is that the directors must remain employed by Jantua Ltd for three years. The fair value of each option at the grant date was GH¢100 and the fair value of each option at 31 March 2022 was GH¢110. At 31 March 2021, it was estimated that two (2) directors would leave before the end of three years. Due to an economic upturn, the estimate of directors who were going to leave was revised to one (1) director at 31 March 2022. The expense for the year as regards the share options had not been included in profit or loss for the current year, and no director had left by 31 March 2022.

Required:
With reference to International Financial Reporting Standards, advise the directors on how to account for the above transactions of Jantua Ltd in its financial statements as at 31 March 2022.
(6 marks)

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q2a – Associates and joint ventures

Classify the investment, advise on derecognition of assets, and explain the treatment of cryptocurrency under relevant IFRS standards.

Digital Ghana Ltd has agreed to work with Pixel Ghana Ltd in order to develop a new musical platform for the Ghana Musician Association. On 31 December 2021, the companies established a new entity called Flowbeat Ltd with equal shareholdings and share in profit. Digital Ghana Ltd has contributed its own intellectual property in the form of employee expertise, cryptocurrency with a carrying amount of GH¢6 million, which now has a fair value of GH¢8 million, and an office building with a carrying amount of GH¢12 million with a fair value of GH¢20 million. The cryptocurrency has been recorded at cost in Digital Ghana Ltd.’s financial statements.

Pixel Ghana Ltd has contributed the technology and marketing expertise required for the smooth operations of Flowbeat Ltd. The board of Flowbeat Ltd will comprise of directors appointed equally by Digital Ghana Ltd and Pixel Ghana Ltd. Decisions are made by a unanimous vote.

Required:
In accordance with the provisions of relevant International Financial Reporting Standards:

i) Advise on the classification of the investment which Digital Ghana Ltd has in Flowbeat Ltd.
(3 marks)

ii) Advise on the derecognition of the assets exchanged for the investment in Flowbeat Ltd and any resulting gain/loss on disposal in the financial statements of Digital Ghana Ltd at 31 December 2021.
(2 marks)

iii) Advise whether the cryptocurrency should be classified as a financial asset or an intangible asset.
(2 marks)

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Banky Ltd as of February 28, 2023.

The following Statements of Financial Position relate to Banky Ltd (Banky), Zinko Ltd (Zinko), and Tooli Ltd (Tooli):

Statements of Financial Position as at 28 February 2023 Banky Zinko Tooli
Assets GH¢ million GH¢ million GH¢ million
Non-current assets 1,500 1,040 960
Deferred tax 80
Current assets 1,188 584 600
Total assets 2,688 1,704 1,560
Equity and liabilities Banky Zinko Tooli
Equity
Equity shares of GH¢5 each 600 500 500
Other reserves 150 90 60
Retained earnings 976 390 355
Total equity 1,726 980 915
Current liabilities 962 724 645
Total equity and liabilities 2,688 1,704 1,560

Additional Information: i) On 1 March 2022, Banky purchased 80 million equity shares in Zinko through a share exchange of three shares in Banky for every two shares in Zinko. The fair values of each share of Banky and Zinko were GH¢7 and GH¢10.5 respectively at acquisition date. Shares issued by Banky have not yet been recorded in the books.

ii) On acquisition date, Zinko’s retained earnings and other reserves were GH¢230 million and GH¢60 million respectively. Fair value of Zinko’s identifiable net assets was equal to their carrying value except that Zinko had a disclosed contingent liability with a fair value of GH¢8 million at acquisition. Provision in respect of this contingent liability has been recognised by Zinko at GH¢7.2 million as at 28 February 2023.

iii) On the same date Zinko was acquired, Zinko also purchased 60% equity holding in Tooli. The purchase and sale agreement for this transaction provided that Zinko would pay cash amount of GH¢500 million (excluding GH¢2 million consultancy costs which Zinko settled immediately and charged against its other comprehensive income) to the former shareholders of Tooli in two years’ time on condition that Zinko’s sales growth exceeds 20% per annum. The fair value of this consideration was estimated at GH¢450 million at acquisition and GH¢438 million at 28 February 2023. Zinko has not yet recorded this transaction. Both values were deemed as final on the two given dates.

iv) However, the professional valuation of Tooli’s identifiable net assets was not finalised at acquisition so a provisional fair valuation of GH¢845 million for the net assets was applied to arrive at the purchase consideration. The final valuation report which was released on 31 January 2023 showed a revised fair value of GH¢860 million for Tooli’s identifiable net assets. Any fair value adjustment was due to an item of plant whose remaining useful life was 5 years at acquisition. On this date, Tooli’s retained earnings and other reserves were GH¢275 million and GH¢55 million respectively.

v) Banky’s closing inventories include goods sold by Zinko at a margin of 20%. These items were invoiced at GH¢5 million but are currently included in Banky’s inventories at their net realisable value of GH¢4.2 million.

vi) The policy of the group is to measure non-controlling interests using their proportion of the fair value of identifiable net assets. An impairment review carried out revealed that goodwill in Zinko at this year-end had a “gross” recoverable amount of GH¢230 million.

vii) Ignore deferred tax adjustments unless otherwise indicated.

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Banky Ltd as at 28 February 2023.

(All figures should be approximated to the nearest GH¢0.1 million)

(Total: 20 marks)

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AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q5b – Tax administration in Ghana

Explaining the purposes and differences of private rulings, class rulings, and practice notes in tax administration.

Private rulings, class rulings, and practice notes do not serve the same purpose.

Required:
Write a memo to the Tax Manager of your company as a Tax Intern explaining how each is used and their effect on tax administration.

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AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q5a – Tax planning

Computing the tax payable for group companies and identifying applicable tax incentives.

ABG Ltd is a Free Zone Enterprise established in the year 2011. The company is part of Akafina Group of Companies with subsidiaries located in Accra, Kumasi, Ayanfuri, Tema, and Bodie. The following information is relevant to the operations of Akafina Group of Companies:

Taxable Profit for the Year Ended 31 December 2022 Location Activity GH¢ million
ABG Ltd Accra Manufacturing 28
Adooso Ltd Tema Manufacturing 13
Brefa Ltd Kumasi Manufacturing 14
Crame Ltd Bodie Manufacturing 22
Didie Ltd Ayanfuri Manufacturing 33
Frankaa Ltd Accra Manufacturing 14
Greda Ltd (established since 2010) Agriculture 20

Required:
Compute the tax payable by each company and explain the type of tax incentives they may enjoy.

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AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q4 – Business income – Corporate income tax

Computing chargeable income and identifying relevant assumptions for a retail company.

The following relates to the financial records of Konadu Yiadom Company Ltd submitted to the Ghana Revenue Authority for the year ended 31 December 2021. The company is into retail operations.

Notes:

  1. The sales figure includes GH¢21,500 from the sale of old shop fittings which were replaced by new fittings during the year. The profit on the sale of the shop fittings was GH¢3,770.
  2. Following completion of the accounts, the accountant received an invoice dated 14 December 2021 in respect of goods for resale, which were delivered in late December. This invoice was not recorded, and you have been informed that the total amount on the invoice, including VAT, was GH¢15,110. VAT included on the invoice was GH¢440. All levies are inclusive.
  3. In June 2021, the company recognized the need to offer a special after-sales service to its customers. The company hired a new staff member and purchased a machine costing GH¢3,500 for the purpose. The local district assembly provided a grant to aid the purchase of the machine to the tune of GH¢1,250. The company included the cost of the machine in the purchases figure.
  4. Staff cost is the total wages and salaries paid to the staff. GH¢37,000 was paid to fresh graduates employed during the year. They constitute 4% of the total workforce for the year 2021.
  5. Promotion and Advertising is made up of:
    • Managing Director’s wedding reception: GH¢2,800
    • Refreshment during the opening of a new shop: GH¢5,000
    • Sample product to invited guests during the opening of the new shop: GH¢3,510
  6. Interest and Bank Payments are made up of:
    • Interest on loan used to purchase stock for the business: GH¢3,020
    • Overdraft interest on the business account: GH¢7,100
  7. Legal Fees are made up of:
    • Court fine resulting from traffic accident: GH¢3,950
    • Defense of company driver for careless driving: GH¢3,830
    • Litigation on business plot of land (90% chance of success): GH¢5,130
  8. Bad Debts are made up of:
    • Debt collection (Pursuing bad debts): GH¢455
    • Decrease in general bad debts provision: (GH¢1,250)
    • Increase in specific bad debts provision: GH¢1,800
  9. Motor Expenses are made up of:
    • Lease of a delivery van: GH¢11,500
    • Van running expenses: GH¢6,910
  10. Sundry Expenses are made up of:
  • Trade subscriptions: GH¢16,000
  • Support to elect a local Assembly Member: GH¢8,000
  • Provision for replacement of windows in the office: GH¢4,000
  • Gifts to customers during Christmas: GH¢6,000
  • Customer’s claim on defective goods: GH¢27,240
  • Provision for staff redundancy cost: GH¢25,000
  • Cost of investigating cash fraud: GH¢5,600
  • Investigation to acquire a new company: GH¢22,000

Additional Information:
The Ghana Revenue Authority has assessed and granted capital allowance of GH¢57,000 for the 2021 year of assessment.

Required:
You are required to compute the chargeable income for Konadu Yiadom Company Ltd for the 2021 year of assessment. Indicate clearly all necessary assumptions.

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AT – July 2023 – L3 – Q3a – Mergers, amalgamation, and reorganization

Discussing the tax implications of a 51% share acquisition and strategies to mitigate tax exposure.

Exclusif Homes Ghana Ltd is a wholly owned Ghanaian real estate company. The basis period of the company ends on 31 December each year. The company has obtained a government contract to build low-cost houses across the country. In order to raise additional capital to undertake this project, the company is looking for an investor who would acquire at least 51% of the shares of the company. The managers of the company are engaged in negotiations with several potential investors, and there is the likelihood of having an investor and agreements signed on 31 January 2022.

The financial statements of Exclusif Homes Ghana Ltd revealed that the company made a loss of GH¢2,500,000 for the period ended 31 December 2021. Included in the expenses of the company are financial costs and bad debt amounting to GH¢100,000 and GH¢150,000 respectively.

The company also has a parcel of land located at Abokobi which the company purchased three years ago at the cost of GH¢100,000. The current value of the land is GH¢500,000.

Required:
Advise Exclusif Homes Ghana Ltd on the following:

  1. The income tax implications for the company if an investor acquires 51% of the company’s shares and the tax planning opportunities available which could reduce the income tax exposure of the company if an investor acquires 51% of the company’s shares.
  2. Measures the acquirer can adopt to mitigate the tax effects (if any) of the proposed transaction.

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