• Title page: Attracts readers and assists them in finding the report later, usually includes the title, author, organization’s name, reference numbers, confidentiality degree, date, and relevant artwork such as a logo.
• Table of contents: Lists all sections with page numbers.
• Introduction: Prepares readers, explaining the subject, purpose, and methods.
• Executive Summary: Summarizes key points for busy readers.
• Business Description: Details the business, its history, products, and unique factors.
• Market Analysis: Identifies target market, demand, trends, competitors, and pricing.
• Marketing Plan: Outlines promotion, distribution, and pricing strategies.
• Operations Plan: Describes daily business processes, location, facilities, and equipment.
• Management Plan: Details management team, organizational structure, and staffing.
• Financial Plan: Projects revenue, expenses, profitability, and funding needs

• Introduction: Product is launched, with low sales and high investment.
• Growth: Sales increase, brand recognition improves, and profit margins grow.
• Maturity: Sales peak, market saturation occurs, and competition is high.
• Decline: Sales decline due to new innovations or changing consumer preferences.

The stages should be represented in a standard product life cycle graph​

• Narrow vs. Wide Stakeholders:
  • Narrow stakeholders: Directly impacted, such as shareholders and employees.
  • Wide stakeholders: Less directly impacted, including government and wider community.
• Active vs. Passive Stakeholders:
  • Active stakeholders: Involved in decision-making, like employees and managers.
  • Passive stakeholders: Not directly involved, but interested, e.g., local communities and government