Separating the risk and return characteristics of market investments from the individual investment decisions is known as:

A. Risk transformation
B. Separation theorem
C. Financial intermediation
D. Maturity transformation
E. Amortisation

B. Separation theorem

Explanation:
The correct answer is B because the separation theorem refers to the concept in finance where investors can separate their investment decisions into two stages: first, choosing the optimal portfolio of risky assets, and second, deciding on a personal risk preference by adjusting their mix between the risky portfolio and a risk-free asset.