Countries, including Ghana, have embarked on various tax reforms geared towards improving tax revenue to help provide infrastructure and guarantee sustainable growth. Tax administration in Ghana has therefore seen a number of reforms over the years, including restoring the tax base, improving tax administration, and the integration of the Revenue Agencies into an Authority to act as a one-stop shop as per the Ghana Revenue Authority Act, 2009 (Act 791).

Required:
In reference to the statement above, analyze TWO challenges (key issues) on tax reforms in Ghana.

Challenges in Tax Reforms in Ghana

  1. Weak Tax Compliance and Enforcement

    • Many businesses and individuals fail to comply fully with tax regulations, leading to high levels of tax evasion and underreporting.
    • The informal sector, which constitutes a large portion of Ghana’s economy, remains difficult to tax due to poor record-keeping and cash-based transactions.
    • Weak enforcement mechanisms and inefficient penalties discourage voluntary compliance.
  2. Narrow Tax Base and Revenue Mobilization Issues

    • Ghana’s tax base is limited, with heavy reliance on corporate income tax, import duties, and a small segment of registered taxpayers.
    • The informal sector contributes minimally to tax revenues, despite its significant share in economic activities.
    • There is excessive dependence on a few industries, such as mining and telecommunications, making tax revenue vulnerable to external shocks.