Question Tag: Withholding Tax

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STP – Feb 2020 – L2 – Q4 – Business Entity Tax Implications

Advise on tax implications of establishing a company, partnership, or sole proprietorship and identify which offers the least tax exposure for an investor.

As a renowned tax consultant, a potential investor in the real estate sector in Ghana is seeking your expert opinion on the tax implications of establishing a company, a partnership or a sole proprietorship and which form of the business organisations gives the least tax exposure for an investor.

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STP – Aug 2018 – L2 – Q5 – Taxation of Specialized Business Sectors

Discuss tax consequences of establishing a cattle farm in Ghana and the impact of location on incentives.

(a). The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Dana, a meat processing company based in the United Arab Emirates is exploring the possibility of expanding the operations of the company to Ghana. The CEO intends to establish a cattle farm and an ultra-modern meat processing which would process the meat for export to the Middle East. His initial inquiries revealed that Ghana has tax incentives for investors who seek to establish businesses which produce items for export.

Required: As the preferred tax advisor, provide an opinion on the income tax consequences of establishing a cattle farm indicating whether the location of the farm impacts on the tax incentives available to an investor.

(b). Based on your knowledge of the Free Zone Act, 1995 (Act 504) state and discuss five (5) tax incentives which the investor can obtain if he registers the meat processing factory as a Free Zone Enterprise.

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STP – Feb 2020 – L2 – Q2 – Tax Implications of Financing Options

Advise on tax implications of financing a plant purchase as equity or loan for red flow Ghana Limited.

Red flow Ghana Limited is a manufacturing entity in Ghana. Mr. Kurt Wildem, a citizen and resident of Germany owns 90% of the company’s shares. Mrs. Florence Wildem, a citizen and resident of Germany and wife of Mr. Wildem also owns 5% of the shares of the company. Mr. Jogen Wildem, the son of Mr. Kurt Wildem holds the remaining 5% of the shares in the company. As of 1st June 2019, the company had a stated capital of GH¢400,000.00. A report submitted by the management to the Board of Directors indicated that the company needs to acquire a plant valued at GH¢1,000,000.00 to enable the company to increase its production capacity. Mr. Kurt Wildem who is the majority shareholder has offered to finance the purchase of a plant for the company, but his challenge is whether to provide the asset to the company as a loan or as equity.

Required: Advise Mr. Kurt Wildem on i. the income tax treatment of providing the asset to the company as equity contribution. (7 marks) ii. the income tax treatment of providing the asset to the company as a loan. (7 marks) iii. the preferable option for providing the asset to the company in order to derive the maximum tax benefits.

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STP – Aug 2016 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Tax and Compliance

Compute corporate tax, capital allowances, tax position, and withholding taxes for SKABY Bank for 2014 and 2015.

Due to the aggressive stance of the GRA in recent times, the urgency and pace of submission of tax returns to the GRA has more than doubled. The Chief Finance Officer of SKABY BANK Ltd. requires to discuss Skaby’s Tax returns for year 2014 and 2015 by close of day today to enable him engage the Finance committee of the Board with the various tax liabilities arising from the two years’ banking activities and also access the Bank’s tax compliance level.

As Tax Consultant to SKABY BANK Ltd., extracts of the 2014 and 2015 financial statement which read as follows, has been deposited on your table for your necessary action.

SKABY COMMERCIAL BANK
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2015

Note 2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
505,055.00 377,000.00
2 (82,200.00) (51,300.00)
422,855.00 325,700.00
398,444.00 75,555.00
(10,424.00) (8,200.00)
88,020.00 67,355.00
24,800.00 15,980.00
45,620.00 8,300.00
30,420.00 24,280.00
541,295.00 417,335.00
9,000.00 7,992.00
550,295.00 409,343.00
225,000.00 215,560.00
325,295.00 193,783.00
82,000.00 32,000.00
243,295.00 161,783.00

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
242,000.00 180,600.00
256,920.00 190,600.00
6,135.00 5,800.00
505,055.00 377,000.00

b) Necessary default certificates of GHC20,000.00 have been received on income included in investment return for year 2015.

Note 2: a) Interest Expense paid

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Borrowings 9,900.00 8,900.00
Current and Savings A/c 45,650.00 20,500.00
Time and Other deposits 26,650.00 21,900.00
82,200.00 51,300.00

b) $20%$ of interest expense payments’ mandatory withholding tax deduction has not been made.

Note 3: Fees and Commission Income

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Commission on letters of credit 3,200.00 2,650.00
Commission on Turnover 39,050.00 34,000.00
Processing fees 5,000.00 4,500.00
Commission of foreign services 2,200.00 3,060.00
Other fees and Commissions 48,994.00 31,345.00
98,444.00 75,555.00

Note 4: Other Income

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Dividend Income 2,000.00
Bad Debt recovery 3,000.00
Profit on sale of property 2,200.00
Rental Income 2,470.00 2,200.00
Other Income 3,100.00
8,300.00 8,300.00

Note 5 a). Operating Expenses Include

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Advertising 2,000.00 2,000.00
Rental of premises 45,000.00 40,450.00
Directors fees 2,100.00 3,000.00
Depreciation 16,000.00 15,000.00
Amortization 6,000.00 2,500.00
Donation to MD on death of mother 62,500.00
Purchase of computers 50,000.00 2,000.00
Goodwill paid 20,000.00 25,000.00

b). Tax on rental of premises has not been accrued or paid to the GRA.

Note 6: Income Tax

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Balance b/f 200.00
Paid for year 65,000.00 20,000.00
Deferred Tax 17,000.00 10,000.00
Total 82,000.00 30,200.00

Note 7: Extracts from the Property, Plant and Equipment schedule is as below

2015 Land & Building GHC’000 Equipment Further GHC’000 Computers GHC’000 Motor Vehicles GHC’000 Total GHC’000
Cost as at 1 January 2015 50,000.00 53,000.00 32,000.00 57,000.00 192,000.00
Additions for year 2,500.00 12,200.00 7,500.00 2,550.00 24,750.00
Disposals (250.00) (350.00) (2,300.00) (2,900.00)
Write-off (200.00) (45.00) (245.00)
At 31 December 2015 52,500.00 64,750.00 39,105.00 57,250.00 213,605.00

Note 8 Extracts from the Intangible Assets (GOODWILL) Register is as below

2015 GHC’000 2014 GHC’000
Cost as at 1 January 2015 7,500.00
Acquisition 10,500.00 7,500.00
Bal at year end 2015 18,000.00 7,500.00

Management policy for writing off goodwill is 10 years.

Required
Kindly present to the Chief Finance Office tax information on;
a) Corporate tax computation for year 2015 and 2014,
(10 marks)
b) Capital Allowance computation for year 2015 and 2014,
(8 marks)
c) Skabi’s Tax Position for year 2015 and 2014,
(2 marks)
d) Withholding taxes payable by Skabi to the GRA.
(2 marks)

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STP – Aug 2016 – L2 – Q3 – Tax Residency

Determine if Berchem Plc is a tax resident in Ghana.

Berchem Plc UK (Berchem) is a foreign company that provides engineering services to Gritty Electricals Company Ltd (GEC) here in Ghana. Koranten Systems (Koranten) serves as a country representative for Berchem in Ghana and assists Berchem to execute their service contracts. Koranten Systems provides labour and local material support to Berchem when needed on the contract, whereas Berchem provides the prefinancing, expertise and specialized equipment for the execution of work. As compensation, Koranten is paid commission in cash and equipment.
Berchem won its first contract with GECin January 2014. To date, no VAT was ever charged on invoices billed to GEC by Berchem. GEC also failed to withhold taxes on payments made to Berchem. Both GEC and Berchem had the general belief that these taxes were not stated as part of the signed contracts and therefore were not applicable in respect of the contracts. Berchem again saw the VAT charge as rendering pricing of the projects uncompetitive.

Consultants to GEC have recently advised GEC to start withholding taxes from payments made to Berchem as required by the Income Tax Act, since Berchem has been providing service in Ghana for “at least 2 years”.

Required:
On behalf of Berchem Plc, The Chief Executive of Koranten requests you to provide tax advisory service on the new development. Koranten requests for a documented Tax expert advice to submit to Berchem in respect of
a) Whether Berchem Plc is tax resident in Ghana,

b) The relevance, the basis and application of VAT, withholding, and corporate taxes on the business dealings between Berchem and GEC.

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STP – Aug 2013 – L2 – Q2 – Taxation of Specialized Business Sectors

Tax obligations for a foreign oil company supplying gas turbine parts and maintenance in Ghana.

Due to the recent oil discovery in Ghana, many oil related companies continue to seek tax advice on doing oil related business in Ghana. As the Tax Partner for XYZ Consult, you receive a note from the Chief of Finance (Tax), Mauuwli Inc. Bubai as follows: “Mauuwli Inc. intends to supply parts of Gas turbines in Ghana. In addition, we shall provide maintenance services on these turbines. This is the business we do in Saudi and will do all the time across nations as the opportunity opens up to us. In view of this, we want to be 100% tax compliant in your country as there is no tax for my company in Saudi. We want to know whether as foreign company ordinarily resident in Dubai, we will be subject to the following taxes:

  • Corporate tax (4 Marks)
  • Withholding tax(WHT) and at what rate (8 Marks)
  • Valued Added Tax(VAT) and National Health Insurance Levy (NHIL) (3 marks)
  • Employee taxes” (4 marks)

Required As Tax Partner for XYZ Consult, provide your answer to the Chief of Finance, Mauuwli Inc., as requested for.

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STP – Aug 2012 – L3 – Q3 – Tax Responsibilities

Advise BIC on VAT, corporate, expatriate, and withholding tax responsibilities.

Broadway International Contractors (BIC) won the bid to construct the George Bush highway for five years but was ill advised about the tax responsibilities in respect of the construction work.

The GRA conducted a tax audit on completion of the project and noted several weaknesses in BICs tax compliance requirements.

As Tax Consultant you have been approached by BIC to advise as appropriate on the tax effects of the work. In particular Broadway International Contractors would wish to receive advice on their
a) Basic VAT responsibilities (8 marks)
b) Basic corporate tax responsibilities (8 marks)
c) Expatriate Payroll liability (4 marks)
d) Withholding tax liability on payments receivable from the Ministry of Highways and payment for services? (2 marks)

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OGMT – Aug 2020 – L1 – Q4 – Taxation of Mining Entities

Compute tax liabilities for ABC Mines Ltd for 2019, including royalty, withholding, income, and capital gains taxes.

ABC Mines Ltd. is a mining company operating in the Underground Mine. Commercial production commenced in the Underground Mine in 2019. ABC Mines Ltd also has mineral rights in the Surface Mine which is yet to commence commercial production. In 2019, ABC Mines Ltd. disposed of its mineral rights in Surface Mine.

The highlights of 2019 revenue and expenditure disclosed in tax returns filed by ABC Mines Ltd. are as follows:

Revenue GHe
Gross income from its operations in 2019 450,000,000
Realised sum from disposal of mineral rights in Surface Mine 100,000,000
Hedging Income 40,000,000
Total Revenue 590,000,000

Expenses include but not limited to the following:

Expenses GHe
Reconnaissance & Prospecting Cost (Underground Mine) 100,000,000
Reconnaissance & Prospecting Cost (Surface Mine) 50,000,000
Depreciation 20,000,000
Expenses on Hedging transactions 10,000,000
Operating Expenses (Underground Mine) 80,000,000
General and Administration Expenses (Surface Mine) 20,000,000
Interest Expense (Underground Mine) 20,000,000
Profit before tax 200,000,000

You are required to compute the liability for each tax type that ABC Mines Ltd will pay in the 2019 year of assessment. State the underlying assumptions of your computations.

Additional Information:
Minerals produced in the Underground Mine worth GHS40,000,000 was destroyed in the leased area. An amount of GHS35,000,000 was paid as insurance claims to ABC Mines Ltd in respect of the minerals destroyed.

Tax Rates Rate
Income Tax Rate for Companies 25%
Mineral Income Tax Rate 35%
Mineral Royalty Rate 5%
Interest Withholding Tax Rate 8%
Capital Allowance Rate 20% on straight line basis
Capital Gains Tax Rate 15%

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ATP – Aug 2019 – L2 – Q3 – Corporate Tax and Penalties

Compute Yentua Limited’s 2018 tax liabilities, including penalties, using financial statement data.

Yentua Limited is a company registered in Ghana under the Companies Act 1963, Act 179 on 15th September 2017. It started operations on 1st October, 2017. The company buys metal scraps both from internal and external sources and sells to the iron rod manufacturers in Tema. The company was not registered with the Ghana Revenue Authority and therefore has never submitted any tax returns on its operations. The activities of the company came to light when a team of Revenue Officers from the Enforcement unit of the Ghana Revenue Authority met the Managing Director and his staff in full operation. The team educated the Managing Director and his management team on importance of payment of taxes and registering with the Ghana Revenue Authority and submitting the tax returns to the Authorities regularly. The Managing Director then presented Tax Credit Certificates (TCC) totalling GH¢ 134,000 and receipts for duties paid on imported goods as taxes paid and therefore claimed his company was tax compliant. The Managing Director later approached you as a Tax Practitioner to help the company complete its tax returns on its business operations to Ghana Revenue Authority. The extracts from the company’s financial statement presented by the Finance officer for the year ended 30th September 2018 were as follows:

Yentua Limited
Income Statement

GH¢ GH¢
Turnover 7,800,000.00
Cost of Sales (6,929,300.00)
Gross Profit 870,700.00
Administration and General Expenses (660,000.00)
Net Profit 90,000.00

Note 2: Cost of Sales

GH¢
Local Purchases 4,400,000.00
Imports 1,580,000.00
Freight and Insurance 98,500.00
Import Duties 436,000.00
Cargo Truck 240,000.00
Repairs and Maintenance 52,000.00
Depreciation – Truck 48,000.00
Fuel and Lubricants 24,000.00
Transport and Handling 50,800.00
Total 6,929,300.00

Note 3: Administration and General Expenses

GH¢
Salaries and Allowances 285,000.00
Directors Remuneration 64,000.00
Consultancy Fees 90,000.00
Printing and Stationery 10,500.00
Rent (Office Building) 60,000.00
Rent (Residential) 36,000.00
Equipment Rentals 79,000.00
Utilities 35,500.00
Total 660,000.00

Required:
Determine the tax liabilities due from the company in respect of direct taxes for 2018 year of assessment, including any relevant penalties that are applicable. Corporate Tax rate applicable to the company is 25%.

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ATP – Aug 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Indirect Taxes

Calculate NHIL, GET Fund, VAT, and Withholding Tax for Menuaa Manufacturing for October 2018.

Menuaa Manufacturing Limited (MML) produces iron rods for sale in both the domestic and foreign markets. The company is registered with the Ghana Revenue Authority for Value Added Tax (VAT). The company’s transactions during the month of October 2018 were as follows:

Transactions GH¢
Sales (VAT Inclusive) 756,000
Exports to Sierra Leone 120,000
Relief Supplies 48,000
Purchase of Rolling Equipment 55,500
Hotel Expenses for Staff at a workshop on the new amendment on the VAT law. (VAT Inclusive) 4,500
Stationery purchased for Administration work 15,600
Iron Ingot imported (CIF) 141,750
Local Purchases 50,000

Unless otherwise stated Sales and Purchases are all Value Added Tax exclusive. National Health Insurance and GET Fund Levies are also exclusive except where it has been specifically stated.
Required:
a. You are required to calculate the NHIL and GET fund levies, VAT payable, if any, and Withholding Tax for October 2018.

b. State the last date when each payment is due.

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AT – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Tax Incentives and Reliefs

Identify industries qualifying as Pioneer Industries and compute tax liabilities and withholding tax for Ajanaku Nigeria Limited.

a. **One of the incentives available to industries in Nigeria is contained in the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act 1971, which grants tax holidays to companies in the industries that meet the conditions for being designated “Pioneer Industries.”

Under the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act 1971, state any FOUR industries that qualify to be regarded as Pioneer Industries.** (4 Marks)

b. Ajanaku Nigeria Limited was incorporated as a pioneer company on March 15, 2011, with a focus on the manufacture of aluminum roofing sheets. It was granted a Pioneer Certificate with Production Day given as July 1, 2011. Extracts of Audited Financial Statements are as shown below:

Period 6 Months to 31/12/11 Year to 31/12/12 Year to 31/12/13 Six Months to 30/6/14
(Loss) / Profit (3,750) (4,800) 2,250 4,500
After Charging: Depreciation 2,800 2,500 1,700 1,000
Withholding Tax on Rent Included 500 250
Donations to:
Epe Traditional Dance Troupe 10
Nigerian Red Cross 100
Borno State General Hospital 120

Additional Information:

  • Ajanaku Nigeria Limited declared gross dividends of ₦600,000 and ₦1,500,000 for 2013 and 2014, respectively.
  • Withholding tax rates on dividends for the relevant years are 10%.
  • Ignore minimum tax provisions.
  • The company’s initial tax relief period was not extended.

Required:
Compute the tax liabilities for the relevant years of assessment relating to Pioneer Status only, and state the amount of Withholding Tax due from the shareholders. (11 Marks)

a. Four Industries Qualifying as Pioneer Industries:

  1. Agricultural production, including food processing and packaging.
  2. Manufacturing, such as aluminum products and roofing sheets.
  3. Mining and processing of minerals, including petroleum refining.
  4. Telecommunication and information technology.

b. Computation of Tax Liabilities and Withholding Tax for Ajanaku Nigeria Limited:

Step 1: Pioneer Period

  • Pioneer period runs from July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2014.

Step 2: Loss/Profit Exemption During Pioneer Period

  • Losses incurred during the pioneer period are disregarded for tax purposes.
  • Profits during the pioneer period are exempt from tax.

Step 3: Dividend Withholding Tax (WHT):

Year Gross Dividend (₦’000) Withholding Tax Rate (%) WHT Amount (₦’000)
2013 600 10 60
2014 1,500 10 150

Total Withholding Tax Due = ₦60,000 + ₦150,000 = ₦210,000.

Final Tax Liabilities:

  • Since Ajanaku Nigeria Limited’s profits during the pioneer period are exempt from tax, Tax Liability = ₦0.

Withholding Tax Due from Shareholders:

  • Total Withholding Tax on dividends for 2013 and 2014 is ₦210,000.

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ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q1 – Overview of Advanced Taxation

Explain tax concepts and calculate Companies Income Tax due for Rex Pharmaceuticals.

You are the Tax Controller of Rex Pharmaceuticals (Nigeria) Limited having its Head Office in Ketu, Epe Local Government of Lagos State.

In the past three years, the company had been subjected to taxes by different Revenue Authorities within Lagos State and indeed, the entire country.

Apart from the Companies Income Tax, the issue of Withholding Tax is an area where the company’s management is very much concerned. The Managing Director is worried that this multiplicity of taxes is taking its toll on the company’s financials.

The company is already facing myriads of problems ranging from outrageous cost of capital which had led to increase in cost of production and attendant decrease in profit. The company’s goods are becoming uncompetitive, compared to imported goods. The long-term effect is either reduction in workforce or relocation to a more favorable economic climate.

The Managing Director summoned you to his office and among the issues raised at the meeting were:

(i) as a corporate body, the company ought not to be subjected to multiplicity of taxes beyond the Companies Income Tax;
(ii) the jurisdiction of the tiers of Government in imposition and collection of taxes;
(iii) the Withholding Tax;
(iv) the Pay As You Earn as it affects the staff; and
(v) the Capital Gains Tax.

You have also been informed of the following:

  1. The company’s technical agreement with the foreign Head Office and the need to remit funds;
  2. The Non-Executive Directors;
  3. The Non-Resident directors are to receive N2,500,000;
  4. Centralization of staff PAYE deductions;
  5. Dividend payment to shareholders in different parts of the country. Those resident in Kogi are to receive N375,000;
  6. Land for a factory in Abuja purchased from Alhaji Garuba Maito who resides in Kano;
  7. Rex Pharmaceuticals received N4,500,000 as Net dividend from an associated company Laiketop Limited for the year ended September 30, 2014. In the Audited Financial Statements of Rex Pharmaceuticals for the year ended December 31, 2015, a dividend of N9,500,000 was proposed. Out of this amount, N3,500,000 was from dividend received from Laiketop Limited while the balance was from a Total Profit of N22,500,000 from other trading activities;
  8. At present, out of the thirty employees in Abuja, five are resident in Suleja, Niger State.

Required:

(a) Explain briefly the following:
i. Capital Gains Tax
ii. Withholding Tax
iii. Double Taxation Treaty
iv. Multiple Taxation (12 Marks)

(b) Discuss measures put in place by the government to reduce cases of multiple taxation. (6 Marks)

(c) State the arms of government empowered by the Constitution to legislate on tax matters. (6 Marks)

(d) Determine the Companies Income Tax due from Rex Pharmaceuticals Limited for the year ended December 31, 2015. (6 Marks)

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ATAX – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q5b – Tax Incentives and Reliefs

Calculates tax liabilities for a pioneer company and withholding tax on dividends during the pioneer period.

Ajanaku Nigeria Limited was incorporated as a pioneer company on March 15, 2011, focusing on aluminum roofing sheets. It received a Pioneer Certificate with Production Day as July 1, 2011. Extracts from its Audited Financial Statements are as follows:

Gross dividends declared:

  • 2013: N600,000
  • 2014: N1,500,000

Withholding tax rate on dividends for these years is 10%. Ignore Minimum Tax provisions. The initial tax relief period was not extended.

You are required to:

  • Compute the tax liabilities for the relevant years of assessment relating to Pioneer Status only.
  • State the amount of Withholding Tax due from the shareholders. (11 Marks)

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AT – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Double Taxation Reliefs and Credits

Calculation of double taxation relief and tax liabilities for Lagode Nigeria, including implications of double taxation treaties.

Lagode Nigeria Limited, based in Lagos, Nigeria, commenced operations as a manufacturer of indigenous fabrics in 2013. Products are sold to wholesalers and retailers in Nigeria and to Africans in diaspora, particularly during annual holiday periods. A market survey in 2018 revealed a lack of local Nigerian fabric manufacturers in North America, prompting the company to establish Kuramo Incorp. in Ottawa, Canada, which began operations in January 2020.

The operating results for both locations for the year ended December 31, 2022, are as follows:

Description Lagos, Nigeria (N’000) Ottawa, Canada (N’000)
Gross turnover 180,200 330,800
Less: Expenses
– Cost of materials 72,100 162,320
– Wages and salaries 18,050 42,120
– Finance costs 1,400 3,150
– Miscellaneous 4,600 5,270
– Depreciation 5,760 8,750
– Share of head office expenses 25,600 16,040
– Foreign tax paid 18,900
Total expenses 127,510 256,550
Net profit 52,690 74,250

Additional Information:

  1. Ottawa branch is a wholly owned Nigerian company.
  2. Miscellaneous expenses are allowable for tax purposes.
  3. Capital allowances agreed with Nigerian tax authorities:
    Location Capital Allowance (N’000)
    Lagos operations 6,800
    Ottawa operations 9,900
  4. The exchange rate for Canadian operations is fair.
  5. No double taxation agreement exists between Nigeria and Canada.

Required:
In accordance with the provisions of the Companies Income Tax Act Cap. C21 LFN 2004 (as amended), you are to: a. Compute the double taxation relief (if any) available to the Nigerian company

(9 Marks)
b. Advise on the tax liabilities of the Nigerian company for the relevant assessment year (9 Marks)
c. Comment on the implications of double taxation agreements on withholding tax deductions by a company resident in a country:
(i) With no double taxation agreement with Nigeria

(1 Mark)
(ii) With double taxation treaty with Nigeria (1 Mark)
Total: 20 Marks

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AT – May 2018 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Taxation of Corporations

Discuss multiple taxation, jurisdiction, withholding tax, and penalties related to Rex Pharmaceuticals.

You are the tax controller of Rex Pharmaceuticals (Nigeria) Limited, having its head office at Ketu in Epe local government of Lagos State.

In the past three years, the company had been subjected to an array of taxes by different revenue authorities within Lagos State and indeed the entire country.

Apart from the Companies Income Tax, Withholding Tax is another tax that the company‟s management is concerned about. The Managing Director is very much worried that this multiplicity of taxes is taking its toll on the company‟s financials.

The company is already facing myriads of problems ranging from high cost of capital which led to increase in cost of production and attendant reduction in profit. The company‟s goods are becoming uncompetitive compared with imported similar goods. The long term effect is either reduction in work force or relocation to a more favourable economic environment. The Managing Director has invited you to his office to discuss the following issues:

(i) Whether as a corporate body, the company ought to be subjected to myriads of taxes beyond the corporate tax;

(ii) The jurisdiction of the tiers of government in the imposition and collection of taxes;

(iii) Withholding Tax;

(iv) Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) as it affects the staff; and

(v) Capital Gains Tax.

You have also been provided with the following information:

  • The company‟s technical agreement with the foreign head office and the need to remit funds;
  • Non-resident directors are to receive N2,500,000;
  • Staff P.A.Y.E has been centralised;
  • Dividend has been paid to shareholders in different parts of the country, and those resident in Kogi State of Nigeria, received N375,000;
  • Land for a factory in Abuja was purchased from Alhaji Garuba Maito who resides in Kano;
  • The company received N4,500,000 as net dividend from an associated company, Laiketop Limited, for the year ended September 30, 2014;
  • In the audited financial statements of Rex Pharmaceuticals for the year ended December 31, 2015, a dividend of N9,500,000 was proposed. Out of this amount, N3,500,000 was from dividend received from Laiketop Limited while the balance was from a Total Profit of N22,500,000 from other trading activities; and
  • Out of the thirty employees in Abuja, five are resident in Suleja, Niger State.

You are required to prepare a memo to the Managing Director explaining the following:

(a) i. Double/Multiple Taxation.
ii. Double Taxation Treaty.
iii. Multiple Taxation in Nigeria.
iv. Measures put in place to reduce cases of multiple taxation in Nigeria.
v. Withholding Tax with respect to (i) to (v).
vi. Penalty for non-deduction/remittance of Withholding Tax. (12 Marks)

(b) The arms of government empowered to legislate on tax matters by the Constitution. (4 Marks)

(c) Relevant tax authority and the Withholding Tax due, if any. (4 Marks)

(d) i. The appropriate description of the income received from Laiketop Limited.
ii. The tax due from other trading activities of Rex Pharmaceuticals.
iii. Amount to be recouped by Rex Pharmaceuticals, if any.
iv. Net amount received by shareholders of Rex Pharmaceuticals.
v. Relevant section of the law to buttress your points in (i) and (ii) above. (10 Marks)

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ATAX – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q3b – International Taxation

Permanent Establishment (PE) under the Nigeria-UK Double Taxation Agreement

b) Double taxation agreements exist among Nigeria and some foreign countries.

Required:
Explain the term “Permanent Establishment” as contained in the double taxation agreement between Nigeria and the United Kingdom.
(5 Marks)

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ATAX – Nov 2018 – L3 – Q3a – International Taxation

Tax implications for Sadiq Corporation's contracts executed by its Nigerian subsidiary, including PE under Nigeria-UK tax agreement.

(a) Sadiq Corporation was incorporated in Sweden as a limited liability company and has a subsidiary, Omologede Ventures Nigeria Limited located in Akure, Nigeria. Peniel Nigeria Plc awarded a contract to Sadiq Corporation to renovate a rice milling factory in Gboko, Benue State, and another in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. The contract value for the Gboko factory is $11,064,150, and $7,337,616 for the Abakaliki factory. Sadiq Corporation later sub-contracted the two jobs to its subsidiary in Nigeria. The renovation is expected to be completed within six months.

The following information was submitted to the Federal Inland Revenue Service by Omologede Ventures Nigeria Limited for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Description Amount (N)
Direct materials 962,100,000
Scaffolding 183,538,320
Administrative expenses on hired professionals 33,352,800
Rentals on equipment 18,708,248
Maintenance of equipment 7,431,688
Personnel card (domestic) 28,803,029
Personnel cost (foreign) 14,738,250
Fees to engineers 11,298,689
Other operational costs 6,512,070

Additional Information:

  1. Capital allowance agreed by Omologede Ventures Nigeria Limited with the Federal Inland Revenue Service for the year was N104,418,744.
  2. 60% of the total contract sum was made available to Omologede Ventures Nigeria Limited.
  3. Depreciation is N69,902,092.
  4. 70% of the total contract sum was paid at the beginning of the job, while the balance was paid in September of the same year.
  5. The exchange rate at the time of signing the contract was N180 to $1. The rate changed in August of the same year to N195 to $1.

Withholding tax provisions were fully complied with by the two companies, and the tax remitted to the relevant tax authority as and when due.

Required:
As the local consultancy firm in Nigeria, provide advice to the management of the two companies on the tax implications of the contracts for the relevant year of assessment, clearly showing their tax liabilities (if any).
(15 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6b – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Explain five key contents required in a Withholding Tax returns/payment schedule.

It is expected that a schedule of Withholding Tax (WHT) payable should be prepared by applying the correct WHT rate on each transaction/payment made during the month. Thereafter, a cheque for the amount due to the Federal Inland Revenue Service is raised and forwarded together with the WHT schedule to one of the approved collecting banks for processing.

Required:
Explain FIVE contents of a WHT returns/payment schedule. (10 Marks)

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TAX – May 2017 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Withholding Tax

Explanation of the peculiarities of withholding tax, rates for international transactions, and required particulars for a tax payment schedule.

The recently employed Accounts Officer of Oriade Limited understands that the company must report Withholding Tax information to the Revenue Authority according to the provisions of the law. Being a fresh graduate, he does not know how Withholding Tax is reported to the Revenue Authority.

Required:

a. Explain the peculiarities of Withholding Tax. (3 Marks)

b. Where international transactions are involved:

  • i. State the rate of Withholding Tax. (1 Mark)
  • ii. List the types of income involved. (3 Marks)

c. Specify the currency of payment where the currency of the transaction is not in Naira. (3 Marks)

d. List FIVE particulars contained in the Withholding Tax Payment Schedule. (5 Marks)

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TAX – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q5b – Companies Income Tax (CIT)

This question requires the computation of Adebola Nigeria Limited's tax liabilities and withholding tax payable for 2013 and 2014.

Adebola Nigeria Limited has been trading for many years. The company makes up its accounts to 31 December annually. The extracts from its Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended 31 December 2013 and 2014 (as adjusted for tax purposes) are as follows:

Year ended 31 December 2014 (₦) 2013 (₦)
Profit for the year 14,000,000 10,000,000
Bank interest received (gross) 2,400,000 1,600,000
Debenture interest received (gross) 800,000 800,000
Dividend received from Adesemowo Ltd. (Net) 720,000 720,000
Dividend paid to shareholders (gross) 6,000,000 4,000,000

Required:
i. Compute the company’s tax liabilities for the relevant years of assessment. Ignore capital allowances. (5 Marks)
ii. Determine the net withholding tax payable or receivable by Adebola Nigeria Limited, arising from dividends paid and received by it. (4 Marks)

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