Question Tag: Value for Money

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  • 20 Marks

FM – Mar2025 – L2 – Q5 – Working Capital Management

Compute Gagba LTD's working capital requirement after a 15% sales increase using provided financial and operational data.

a) Gagba LTD, a manufacturing company, is planning to expand its operations to meet increasing demand for its products. As part of this expansion, the company needs to determine its working capital requirements to ensure smooth operations and avoid liquidity issues. The company has provided the following financial and operational data for the year ended 31 December 2023:

  1. Sales Data:
  • Annual Sales: GH₵18,000,000
  1. Cost Data:
  • Cost of goods sold (COGS): 70% of sales
  • Inventory turnover ratio: 8 times per annum
  • Accounts receivable turnover ratio: 6 times per annum
  • Accounts payable turnover ratio: 4 times per annum
  1. Operation Data:
  • Average inventory: GH₵1,500,000
  • Average Accounts receivable: GH₵2,000,000
  • Average accounts payable: GH₵1,200,000
  1. Additional Information:
  • Desired Cash balance: GH₵500,000
  • Projected Increase in Sales due to expansion: 15%
  • Cost of capital: 12% per annum Required: Compute the working capital requirement for Gagba LTD after the planned expansion. (10 marks)

b) The Ministry of Health in Ghana is conducting a review of its procurement practices and the overall performance of its Public Financial Management (PFM) system. The review aims to enhance value for money in public spending while adhering to the principles outlined by the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework. You are provided with the following data for the fiscal year 2023:

    1. Budgeted Public Expenditure: GH₵50 billion
    2. Actual Public Expenditure: GH₵52 billion
    3. Total Procurement Expenditure: GH₵25 billion
    4. Value of Contracts Awarded through Competitive Tendering: GH₵15 billion (60 contracts)
    5. Value of Contracts Awarded through Restricted Tendering: GH₵5 billion (20 contracts)
    6. Value of Contracts Awarded through Single-Source Procurement: GH₵5 billion (20 contracts)
    7. Number of Procurement Violations Detected: 15 (with a total value of GH₵300 million)
    8. Disposal of Stores and Equipment: GH₵100 million Required: i) Analyse the variance in the public expenditure and its implications for the PFM system in Ghana. (3 marks) ii) Discuss which procurement method appears to provide the best value for money with suitable computations. (7 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

ICMA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q3a – Value for Money (VFM)

Explains the components of Value for Money (VFM) in the public sector.

Value for Money (VFM)
Value for Money (VFM) is an objective that can be applied to any organization whose main objective is non-financial but has restrictions on the amount of finance available for spending, which the public sector is no exception.

Required:
Explain the components of VFM.

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q4b – Assurance Engagements

Explain "value for money" and the 3Es of achieving it in assurance engagements.

Alhaji Chukwudi is the Chairman and majority shareholder of Talking Drums Limited, a telecommunications company operating in Nigeria. The company had experienced considerable growth in the past. However, over the last three years, there has been noticeable increase in cost of operations which is slowing down the growth of the company. Management had explained that the increasing cost is a result of expansion of coverage area which management believes will lead to further expansion and growth of the company in the nearest future. Alhaji Chukwudi wants to get a certain level of assurance that there is value for the increased expansion costs the company was incurring. As a result, the Board of Directors resolved to engage a practitioner for a „value for money‟ evaluation of the coverage expansion costs.

Required:

i. Explain „value for money‟. (2 Marks)

ii. Explain the 3Es of achieving value for money. (6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Audit

Explain the concept of Value-for-Money audit, its components, steps, and factors contributing to an effective VFM audit.

In relation to public sector audit:

a. Define ‘Value-for-Money’ (VFM) audit. (2½ Marks)

b. Identify and explain THREE major components of ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (6 Marks)

c. Explain FIVE steps towards a successful ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (2½ Marks)

d. Identify FIVE factors which contribute to an effective ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (5 Marks)

e. Explain the precise roles of the internal audit unit in relation to ‘Value-for-Money’ audit of a Government Business Entity (GBE). (4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BMF – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q15 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the main objective of a not-for-profit organization.

The objective of a not-for-profit organization should be the pursuit of:

A. Cost effectiveness
B. Profit minimization
C. Shareholders’ wealth maximization
D. Value for money
E. Market position

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q5b – Public Sector Auditing

This question identifies operational strengths in Okunka hospital and suggests ways to improve value for money.

(b) Okunka hospital is located in a country where healthcare is free, as the taxpayers fund state-owned hospitals. Two years ago, management reviewed all aspects of the hospital’s operations and instigated several measures aimed at improving overall ‘value for money’ for the local community. Management has asked you, an audit manager in the hospital’s internal audit department, to perform a review over the measures which have been implemented.

Required:

(i) Identify and explain FOUR strengths within Okunka’s operating environment. (6 marks)

(ii) For each strength identified, describe how Okunka might make further improvements to provide best value for money. (4 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q2b – Internal Audit and External Audit Relationship

This question discusses the benefits of establishing an internal audit department for a company.

(b) Discuss the benefits of Tark Co establishing an Internal Audit Department. (8 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q1a – Performance analysis, Introduction to management accounting

Discuss problems associated with performance measurement of not-for-profit organizations and components of value for money criteria.

a) Generally, evaluating not-for-profit organisations’ performance is difficult but can be managed when ‘value for money’ criteria is used.
Required:
i) Explain FOUR (4) problems associated with performance measurement of not-for-profit organisations. (6 marks)
ii) Explain the THREE (3) main components of ‘value for money criteria’ and their usefulness to not-for-profit organisations. (6 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q3a -Public procurement

Identify and explain four mechanisms to achieve value for money in public sector management.

a) Value for Money (VFM) is derived from the optimal balance of benefits and costs on the basis of total cost of ownership. The nature of public financial management is such that it involves discretionary decision taking on behalf of government at all levels. Value for Money is therefore not a choice of goods or services which is based on the lowest bid price but a choice based on the whole life costs of the project or service.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) mechanisms that can be used to achieve “value for money” in public sector management. (8 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q5c -Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting

Identifying mechanisms for achieving value for money in public sector management.

Value for money (VFM) is derived from the optimal balance of benefits and costs on the basis of total cost of ownership. The nature of public financial management is such that it involves discretionary decision-taking on behalf of government at all levels. Value for money is therefore not a choice of goods or services which is based on the lowest bid price but a choice based on the whole life costs of the project or service.

Required: Identify FIVE mechanisms that can be used to achieve “value for money” in public sector management. (5 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – Mar2025 – L2 – Q5 – Working Capital Management

Compute Gagba LTD's working capital requirement after a 15% sales increase using provided financial and operational data.

a) Gagba LTD, a manufacturing company, is planning to expand its operations to meet increasing demand for its products. As part of this expansion, the company needs to determine its working capital requirements to ensure smooth operations and avoid liquidity issues. The company has provided the following financial and operational data for the year ended 31 December 2023:

  1. Sales Data:
  • Annual Sales: GH₵18,000,000
  1. Cost Data:
  • Cost of goods sold (COGS): 70% of sales
  • Inventory turnover ratio: 8 times per annum
  • Accounts receivable turnover ratio: 6 times per annum
  • Accounts payable turnover ratio: 4 times per annum
  1. Operation Data:
  • Average inventory: GH₵1,500,000
  • Average Accounts receivable: GH₵2,000,000
  • Average accounts payable: GH₵1,200,000
  1. Additional Information:
  • Desired Cash balance: GH₵500,000
  • Projected Increase in Sales due to expansion: 15%
  • Cost of capital: 12% per annum Required: Compute the working capital requirement for Gagba LTD after the planned expansion. (10 marks)

b) The Ministry of Health in Ghana is conducting a review of its procurement practices and the overall performance of its Public Financial Management (PFM) system. The review aims to enhance value for money in public spending while adhering to the principles outlined by the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework. You are provided with the following data for the fiscal year 2023:

    1. Budgeted Public Expenditure: GH₵50 billion
    2. Actual Public Expenditure: GH₵52 billion
    3. Total Procurement Expenditure: GH₵25 billion
    4. Value of Contracts Awarded through Competitive Tendering: GH₵15 billion (60 contracts)
    5. Value of Contracts Awarded through Restricted Tendering: GH₵5 billion (20 contracts)
    6. Value of Contracts Awarded through Single-Source Procurement: GH₵5 billion (20 contracts)
    7. Number of Procurement Violations Detected: 15 (with a total value of GH₵300 million)
    8. Disposal of Stores and Equipment: GH₵100 million Required: i) Analyse the variance in the public expenditure and its implications for the PFM system in Ghana. (3 marks) ii) Discuss which procurement method appears to provide the best value for money with suitable computations. (7 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

ICMA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q3a – Value for Money (VFM)

Explains the components of Value for Money (VFM) in the public sector.

Value for Money (VFM)
Value for Money (VFM) is an objective that can be applied to any organization whose main objective is non-financial but has restrictions on the amount of finance available for spending, which the public sector is no exception.

Required:
Explain the components of VFM.

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q4b – Assurance Engagements

Explain "value for money" and the 3Es of achieving it in assurance engagements.

Alhaji Chukwudi is the Chairman and majority shareholder of Talking Drums Limited, a telecommunications company operating in Nigeria. The company had experienced considerable growth in the past. However, over the last three years, there has been noticeable increase in cost of operations which is slowing down the growth of the company. Management had explained that the increasing cost is a result of expansion of coverage area which management believes will lead to further expansion and growth of the company in the nearest future. Alhaji Chukwudi wants to get a certain level of assurance that there is value for the increased expansion costs the company was incurring. As a result, the Board of Directors resolved to engage a practitioner for a „value for money‟ evaluation of the coverage expansion costs.

Required:

i. Explain „value for money‟. (2 Marks)

ii. Explain the 3Es of achieving value for money. (6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Audit

Explain the concept of Value-for-Money audit, its components, steps, and factors contributing to an effective VFM audit.

In relation to public sector audit:

a. Define ‘Value-for-Money’ (VFM) audit. (2½ Marks)

b. Identify and explain THREE major components of ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (6 Marks)

c. Explain FIVE steps towards a successful ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (2½ Marks)

d. Identify FIVE factors which contribute to an effective ‘Value-for-Money’ audit. (5 Marks)

e. Explain the precise roles of the internal audit unit in relation to ‘Value-for-Money’ audit of a Government Business Entity (GBE). (4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BMF – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q15 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the main objective of a not-for-profit organization.

The objective of a not-for-profit organization should be the pursuit of:

A. Cost effectiveness
B. Profit minimization
C. Shareholders’ wealth maximization
D. Value for money
E. Market position

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q5b – Public Sector Auditing

This question identifies operational strengths in Okunka hospital and suggests ways to improve value for money.

(b) Okunka hospital is located in a country where healthcare is free, as the taxpayers fund state-owned hospitals. Two years ago, management reviewed all aspects of the hospital’s operations and instigated several measures aimed at improving overall ‘value for money’ for the local community. Management has asked you, an audit manager in the hospital’s internal audit department, to perform a review over the measures which have been implemented.

Required:

(i) Identify and explain FOUR strengths within Okunka’s operating environment. (6 marks)

(ii) For each strength identified, describe how Okunka might make further improvements to provide best value for money. (4 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q2b – Internal Audit and External Audit Relationship

This question discusses the benefits of establishing an internal audit department for a company.

(b) Discuss the benefits of Tark Co establishing an Internal Audit Department. (8 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

MA – May 2021 – L2 – Q1a – Performance analysis, Introduction to management accounting

Discuss problems associated with performance measurement of not-for-profit organizations and components of value for money criteria.

a) Generally, evaluating not-for-profit organisations’ performance is difficult but can be managed when ‘value for money’ criteria is used.
Required:
i) Explain FOUR (4) problems associated with performance measurement of not-for-profit organisations. (6 marks)
ii) Explain the THREE (3) main components of ‘value for money criteria’ and their usefulness to not-for-profit organisations. (6 marks)

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  • 8 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q3a -Public procurement

Identify and explain four mechanisms to achieve value for money in public sector management.

a) Value for Money (VFM) is derived from the optimal balance of benefits and costs on the basis of total cost of ownership. The nature of public financial management is such that it involves discretionary decision taking on behalf of government at all levels. Value for Money is therefore not a choice of goods or services which is based on the lowest bid price but a choice based on the whole life costs of the project or service.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR (4) mechanisms that can be used to achieve “value for money” in public sector management. (8 marks)

 

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  • 5 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2017 – L2 – Q5c -Public sector fiscal planning and budgeting

Identifying mechanisms for achieving value for money in public sector management.

Value for money (VFM) is derived from the optimal balance of benefits and costs on the basis of total cost of ownership. The nature of public financial management is such that it involves discretionary decision-taking on behalf of government at all levels. Value for money is therefore not a choice of goods or services which is based on the lowest bid price but a choice based on the whole life costs of the project or service.

Required: Identify FIVE mechanisms that can be used to achieve “value for money” in public sector management. (5 marks)

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