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FM – Nov 2014 – L3 – SC – Q6a – Treasury Management

Discuss transfer pricing and its implications for multinational companies with subsidiaries in foreign countries.

Nimega Plc is a Nigeria-based multinational company that has subsidiaries in two foreign countries. Both subsidiaries trade with other group members and with four third-party companies.

You are required to present SIX arguments for and FOUR arguments against centralized treasury management in a multinational organization.

(10 Marks)

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CR – May 2024 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Analysis of consolidated statements and adjustments for Cabalar PLC's foreign subsidiary under IFRS.

Cabalar Nig. PLC, a company located in Ajao Industrial Estate, Lagos, specializes in the production of Adire T-Shirts. The company has a number of subsidiaries located in the South-South and South-West regions of the country and overseas.

On October 1, 2022, Cabalar PLC acquired 100% of the ordinary shares of Mansa-Konko Limited, an Adire T-Shirts distribution company based in the Gambia, West Africa. The official national currency of The Gambia is known as Gambia Dalasi (GMD).

The draft statement of financial position of Mansa-Konko Limited prepared under Gambia GAAP as at September 30, 2023, is as follows:

Description GMD ‘000
Non-current assets:
Property, plant, and equipment 308,000
Intangible assets 42,500
Financial investments 38,500
Current assets 118,500
Total assets 507,500
Equity and liabilities:
Share capital (GMD 1 per share) 50,000
Retained earnings 213,000
Revaluation surplus 84,000
Total equity 347,000
Non-current liabilities:
Loan notes 50,000
Provisions 75,000
Current liabilities 35,500
Total equity and liabilities 507,500

Additional Information:
The following are key transactions of Mansa-Konko Limited under Gambia GAAP. There is no deferred tax under Gambia GAAP:

  1. Equipment:
    • On January 1, 2023, Mansa-Konko Limited acquired some specialist equipment from the United States of America (USA) for $150 million. Payment for the equipment was made on March 31, 2023.
    • In accordance with local Gambia GAAP, the cost of the equipment was recognized on January 1, 2023, at GMD 50 million, using the opening rate of exchange at October 1, 2022.
    • Full year’s depreciation of GMD 5 million was charged to cost of sales as Mansa-Konko Limited depreciates the equipment over a ten-year life, with no residual value. The equipment was included in the statement of financial position at GMD 45 million.
    • A sum of GMD 12.5 million has been debited to retained earnings, representing the difference between the amount paid to the supplier (GMD 62.5 million on March 31, 2023) and the cost recorded in non-current assets (GMD 50 million).
  2. Impairments:
    • Mansa-Konko Limited bought a warehouse on October 1, 2016, for GMD 180 million, depreciated over 20 years with no residual value. On October 1, 2022, due to a rise in property prices, the warehouse was revalued to GMD 210 million, with a revaluation surplus of GMD 84 million recognized. No transfers were made between the revaluation surplus and retained earnings under Gambia GAAP in respect of depreciation.
    • Recently, there was a slump in the local property market, prompting an impairment review as of September 30, 2023. The warehouse was assessed as worth GMD 60 million, leading to a charge of GMD 90 million to profit or loss to reflect the difference between the carrying amount of GMD 150 million and the new value of GMD 60 million.
  3. Financial Instruments:
    • On April 1, 2023, Mansa-Konko Limited bought five million shares in a local quoted company at GMD 7.7 per share. This represents a 3% shareholding. The company intends to hold the shares until December 31, 2023, for profit. The shares have been recognized at cost in the statement of financial position in accordance with Gambia GAAP. The market value at September 30, 2023, was GMD 12.5 per share.
    • Under Gambia tax rules, income tax is charged at 20% on accounting profit recognized on the sales of the investment.
  4. Provisions:
    • On October 1, 2022, Mansa-Konko Limited signed an agreement with the Gambian government for exclusive rights for the next 20 years to supply Adire T-shirts for Gambia’s national traditional festival (GNTF).
    • The cost of acquiring these rights was GMD 42.5 million, recognized as intangible assets in Mansa-Konko Limited’s statement of financial position. Under the terms of the agreement, Mansa-Konko Limited must replace all damaged T-shirts at the end of the 20-year period.
    • There is a 40% probability that the replacement cost of damaged T-shirts would be GMD 75 million and a 60% probability of GMD 50 million.
    • For prudency, a provision of GMD 75 million was made in the financial statements and debited to operating costs.
    • Mansa-Konko Limited has a pre-tax discount rate of 8%. The replacement cost will be allowed for tax purposes when paid. The relevant income tax rate is expected to remain at 20%.
  5. Exchange Rates:
    Date USD to GMD GMD to NGN
    October 1, 2022 $3.00 GMD 4.2 = N1
    January 1, 2023 $2.50
    March 31, 2023 $2.40
    September 30, 2023 $2.00 GMD 5.0 = N1

    Note: In Gambia, the tax treatments of property, plant, and equipment, as well as exchange differences, are similar to IFRS treatments.

Required:
(a) As the financial controller of Cabalar Nig. PLC, draft a report addressed to the finance director of your company explaining any adjustments needed to ensure that the subsidiary company’s (Mansa-Konko Limited’s) financial statements comply with IFRS requirements. (18 Marks)

(b) Prepare a revised statement of financial position for Mansa-Konko Limited that will be suitable for consolidation with the parent’s (Cabalar PLC’s) financial statements as of September 30, 2023, in accordance with IFRS. (12 Marks)

Note: Show all workings.
(Total: 30 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Audit of Complex Entities

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Sports PLC Group as of September 30, 2020, with adjustments for subsidiaries, non-controlling interests, goodwill, and investments.

BP Fashion Limited is trading and expanding in the fashion industry. Over the years, the company has been audited by LMP Professional Services. The company is considering going to the stock market to raise funds through an increase in its issued share capital for the purpose of expansion into new markets.

The summarised two-year financial statements and the nine (9) months accounts of the company are given below:

BP Fashion Limited

Summarised Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31,

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Revenue ₦2,952m ₦3,510m ₦4,139m
Cost of sales (₦1,402m) (₦1,671m) (₦1,987m)
Gross profit ₦1,550m ₦1,839m ₦2,152m
Other income ₦15m ₦21m ₦25m
Operating costs:
– Employee costs (₦390m) (₦460m) (₦538m)
– Occupancy costs (₦262m) (₦312m) (₦373m)
– Other operating costs (₦278m) (₦326m) (₦389m)
Earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) ₦635m ₦762m ₦877m

 

Summarised Statement of Financial Position

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment ₦375m ₦470m ₦470m
Deferred tax ₦30m ₦35m ₦40m
Total non-current assets (A) ₦405m ₦505m ₦510m
Current assets
Inventories ₦425m ₦525m ₦655m
Trade and other receivables ₦125m ₦150m ₦175m
Cash and equivalents ₦425m ₦545m ₦780m
Total current assets (B) ₦975m ₦1,220m ₦1,610m
Total assets (A + B) ₦1,380m ₦1,725m ₦2,120m

Equity and Liabilities

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Share capital and reserves ₦885m ₦1,135m ₦1,430m
Long-term loans ₦125m ₦125m ₦125m
Employees’ benefits ₦20m ₦35m ₦50m
Deferred tax ₦55m ₦65m ₦70m
Non-current liabilities ₦200m ₦225m ₦245m
Trade and other payables ₦270m ₦335m ₦410m
Tax payable ₦25m ₦30m ₦35m
Current liabilities ₦295m ₦365m ₦445m
Total equity and liabilities ₦1,380m ₦1,725m ₦2,120m

It has become necessary, and as part of the NGX Exchange Limited‟s requirements,
to appoint another firm of accountants to review the financial statements for some
specified periods. Your firm Stratcom Partners has been approached to carry out the
necessary review.

Required:

a. Highlight the features of professional engagements as contained in ISRE 2410:
International Standard on Review Engagement and ISRS 4410 (revised):
International standard on Related Services. (8 Marks)
b. Detail out the procedures to be carried out in the review of interim financial
information. (6 Marks)

c. In view of the changes in inventories in the financial statements given above,
between the last two periods, provide the substantive procedures that would
be carried out to establish a reliable evidence of the change. (6 Marks)

d. Prepare the outline of the reporting requirements of a compilation engagement.
(10 Marks)

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidation with Subsidiaries and Associate

Prepare consolidated statement of financial position including two subsidiaries and an associate. Adjust for goodwill, non-controlling interest, and contingent consideration.

Required:
Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position as of 31 May 2020 for the Blavo Group.

 

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PM – May 2019 – L2 – Q3 – Divisional Performance Measurement

Calculate and analyze ROCE for Peterpan's subsidiaries and discuss performance excluding intra-group transactions.

Peterpan Nigeria Limited is a holding company with two subsidiaries manufacturing similar products in different regions of the country. These are Peterpan (Eastern) Nigeria Limited and Peterpan (Western) Nigeria Limited. Return on capital employed (ROCE) is used as the group’s performance measure and is also used to determine divisional managers’ bonuses. The results of the two companies and of the holding company for the year ended 31 December, 2018, and the statement of financial position as at that date are as follows:

Item Western (₦000) Eastern (₦000) Peterpan (₦000)
Revenue 400,000 440,000 792,941
Cost of sales (340,000) (330,000) (630,000)
Gross profit 60,000 110,000 162,941
Administrative costs (20,000) (60,000) (80,000)
Interest payable (20,000) (20,000)
Pre-tax profit 20,000 60,000 62,941

Non-current assets:

Item
Original cost 2,000,000 300,000 3,000,000
Accumulated depreciation (1,180,800) (320,000) (2,213,568)
Net book value 819,200 120,000 786,432
Net current assets 100,000 120,000 906,432
Total assets 919,200 906,432 1,825,632
Non-current borrowings 300,000 300,000
Shareholders’ fund 619,200 786,432 1,525,632
Capital employed 919,200 906,432 1,825,632

Additional Information:

  1. During the year, Eastern Limited sold goods to Western Limited that had cost Eastern Limited ₦20,000,000. The transactions relating to this sale have been eliminated from the holding company’s results stated above.
  2. Both companies use the same depreciation policy of 20% per annum on a reducing balance basis for their non-current assets. Neither company made any additions or disposals of non-current assets during the year.
  3. During the last board meeting of the holding company, it was decided that the holding company should impose a transfer pricing policy for transfers between the two subsidiaries.

Required:

a. Calculate the return on capital employed (ROCE) ratios for each of the two subsidiaries for the year and analyze these into their secondary ratio components of: i. Pre-Tax Profit % ii. Asset Turnover (3 Marks)

b. i. Calculate Eastern Limited’s gross profit margin on its internal sales and compare this to the gross profit margin on its external sales. (2 Marks)
ii. Discuss the performance of the two subsidiaries excluding the effects of the intra-group transactions. (9 Marks)

c. Explain THREE factors that management should consider when setting the transfer pricing policy. (6 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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FR – Mar 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Panin Group as of 31 December 2021, considering various acquisitions and intercompany transactions.

Below are the financial statements of Panin, Kakra, and Tawia.

Additional information:

  1. On 1 January 2021, Panin acquired 27 million equity shares in Kakra, transferring a parcel of land with a carrying value of GH¢90 million and fair value of GH¢96 million. The balances on Kakra’s retained earnings and revaluation reserves at this date were GH¢72 million and GH¢5.5 million respectively.
  2. On 1 January 2021, Kakra’s internally developed brand had a fair value of GH¢11 million. The brand has an indefinite useful life, but at year-end its value-in-use was assessed at GH¢8 million.
  3. On 1 July 2021, Panin also acquired 5 million equity shares in Tawia for GH¢32 million. Tawia earned post-acquisition profit of GH¢10 million after tax and revaluation gains of GH¢500,000.
  4. In 2021, Kakra made intercompany sales to Panin for GH¢7.8 million, with a profit of 25% on cost, and GH¢1.2 million of these goods were in Panin’s inventory as at 31 December 2021. Kakra also sold to Tawia, and all goods remained in Tawia’s inventory.
  5. Dividends payable were declared by Kakra and Tawia, but Panin has not yet taken credit for its share.
  6. On 1 January 2021, Panin sold machines to Kakra for GH¢8 million, with a carrying value of GH¢6 million, depreciating them at 20% per annum.
  7. Goodwill should be impaired by 10%.
  8. Non-controlling interest should be valued at their proportionate share of fair value of the subsidiary’s identifiable net assets.

Required:

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Panin Group as at 31 December 2021.

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FR – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1b – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Preparation of consolidated statement of profit or loss for Faisal Group including two subsidiaries.

b) You are the Financial Accountant of Faisal Ltd (Faisal), a Ghanaian listed company, involved in food retailing. During 2017, Faisal acquired interests in Zaytuna Ltd (Zaytuna) and Medeama Ltd (Medeama). The Statement of profit or loss for Faisal, Zaytuna, and Medeama for the year ended 31 December 2017 are as follows:

Statement of profit or loss for the year ended 31 December 2017

Faisal (GH¢’million) Zaytuna (GH¢’million) Medeama (GH¢’million)
Revenue 450 150 75
Cost of sales (300) (90) (45)
Gross profit 150 60 30
Operating expenses (25) (15) (5)
Operating profit 125 45 25
Interest and similar charges (15) (5) (1)
Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 110 40 24
Income tax expense (27.5) (10) (6)
Profit on ordinary activities after taxation 82.5 30 18
Retained earnings at start of year 117.5 45 7
Retained earnings at end of year 200 75 25

Additional information:

  1. On 1 April 2017, Faisal purchased 12 million of the 15 million GH¢1 ordinary shares in Zaytuna at a cost of GH¢8 per ordinary share. At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Zaytuna’s net assets were equal to their book value with the exception of property, the details of which are as follows:

    Zaytuna Property Details:

    Description GH¢’million
    Cost 75
    Accumulated depreciation at 1 January 2017 (6)
    Net book value at 1 January 2017 69

    The property, which had a useful economic life of 25 years on 1 January 2015, is in a prime commercial location and has increased dramatically in value since it was purchased by Zaytuna on 1 January 2015. The replacement cost of a similar building, with a similar remaining useful economic life at 1 April 2017, is GH¢100 million. The fair value at acquisition has not been reflected in the records of Zaytuna.

  2. On 1 July 2017, Faisal purchased 4 million of the 10 million GH¢1 ordinary shares in Medeama at a cost of GH¢6 per ordinary share. At the date of acquisition, the fair values of Medeama’s net assets were equal to their book value with the exception of property that had a fair value of GH¢9 million in excess of its book value and a remaining useful life of four years.
  3. In August 2017, Faisal sold goods to Zaytuna for GH¢7.5 million, and 20% of these goods remained unsold at 31 December 2017. Faisal prices its sales at cost plus 50%.
  4. On 23 January 2018, Faisal sold its former head office administrative building for GH¢1.25 million. At 31 December 2017, the building was for sale and unoccupied, with staff having moved to a new premises. The book value of the building in the statement of financial position of Faisal as at 31 December 2017 was GH¢2 million.
  5. Each company charges depreciation on a time-apportionment basis to operating expenses.
  6. The directors of Faisal believe that any goodwill arising on the acquisition of Zaytuna and Medeama has been impaired by 25% as at 31 December 2017. The directors have a policy of measuring non-controlling interests at the proportionate share of identifiable net assets.

(Note: All calculations may be taken to the nearest GH¢0.01 million and assume all expenses and gains accrue evenly throughout the year unless otherwise instructed.)

Required:

Prepare the consolidated statement of profit or loss account of Faisal Group for the year ended 31 December 2017 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). (16 marks)

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FR – May 2019 – L2 – Q1 – Group Financial Statements and Consolidation

Preparation of Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for Sunyani Group Ltd and its subsidiaries.

Sunyani Ltd (Sunyani) is a limited liability company based in Brong Ahafo. It has shareholdings in two other companies, Berekum Ltd (Berekum) and Jinijini Ltd (Jinijini). Sunyani bought 150 million ordinary shares in Berekum on 1 August 2016, when the retained earnings of Berekum were GH¢22 million. The consideration was agreed at GH¢110 million for these shares.

On 1 August 2017, Sunyani bought a 40% holding in the ordinary shares of Jinijini when the retained earnings balance in Jinijini’s books stood at GH¢26 million. The consideration was an immediate cash payment of GH¢25 million. The directors of Sunyani negotiated the right to appoint 4 directors to Jinijini’s 12-person board as a result of its investment.

Statements of Financial Position are shown below for all three companies as at 31 July 2018.

Statements of Financial Position as at 31 July 2018:

 

 

Additional Information:

i) At the date of acquisition, Sunyani conducted a fair value exercise on Berekum’s net assets, which were equal to their carrying amounts with the following exceptions:

  • A property held by Berekum had a fair value GH¢10 million in excess of its carrying value. 75% of the value of this property relates to buildings with a useful economic life of 10 years at the date of acquisition.
  • Berekum had an unrecorded deferred tax liability of GH¢7 million, which was unchanged as at 31 July 2018.

ii) Sunyani’s policy is to value any Non-Controlling Interests (NCI) at their proportionate share of identifiable net assets at the acquisition date.

iii) Immediately after the acquisition, Berekum issued GH¢40 million of 6% loan notes, GH¢8 million of which were bought by Sunyani Ltd. This investment has been correctly recorded in the books of Sunyani under the heading “Investments.” All interest due on loan notes as at 31 July 2018 has been paid and recorded.

iv) During the financial year ended 31 July 2018, Berekum had sold goods to Sunyani amounting to GH¢30 million. The purchase price included a mark-up of 20% on cost. Berekum’s normal mark-up on goods sold is 60%. Of these goods, one-quarter remained in the closing inventory of Sunyani at the reporting date.

v) Sunyani has not accounted for any dividend receivable from its group companies. Both Sunyani and Jinijini have proposed dividends as shown in current liabilities. Jinijini’s proposed dividend relates entirely to the post acquisition period. No other dividends were paid or proposed in the year.

vi) Recorded in the books of Sunyani was an intra-group trade payable of GH¢10 million owed to Berekum at year-end. However, the books of Berekum showed a balance of GH¢11 million owed by Sunyani. It transpired that Berekum’s computer system had automatically charged to Sunyani’s account, interest of GH¢1 million due to late payments. It was subsequently agreed that Berekum would waive this interest.

vii) There were no impairment losses during the year end 31 July 2018.

(All workings may be rounded to the nearest GH¢0.01m)

Required: Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position for the Sunyani group as at 31 July 2018 in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

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CR – May 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated financial statements | Business combinations and consolidation

The question requires the preparation of a consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for HO group for the year ended 30 September 2018, including adjustments for intra-group sales, goodwill impairment, and partial disposal of a subsidiary.

On 1 October 2016, HO acquired 60% of the equity interest of Sunyani, a public limited company in Ghana. The purchase consideration is made up of cash of GH¢40 million and the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired was GH¢55 million at that date. The fair value of the non-controlling interest (NCI) in Sunyani was GH¢22.5 million on 1 October 2016.

HO wishes to use the ‘full goodwill’ method for all acquisitions. The share capital and retained earnings of Sunyani were GH¢12.5 million and GH¢32.5 million respectively, and other components of equity were GH¢3 million at the date of acquisition. The excess of the fair value of the identifiable net assets at acquisition is due to non-depreciable land. Goodwill has been tested for impairment annually and as at 30 September 2017 had reduced in value by 20%. However, at 30 September 2018, the impairment of goodwill had reversed and goodwill was valued at GH¢1 million above its original value. This upward change in value has already been included in the draft financial statements of HO below prior to the preparation of the group accounts.

HO group:

Draft statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 30 September 2018

HO (GH¢’000) Sunyani (GH¢’000) Kumasi (GH¢’000)
Revenue 200,000 57,500 35,000
Cost of sales (156,000) (32,500) (18,000)
Gross profit 44,000 25,000 17,000
Other income 10,500 3,500 1,000
Administrative costs (7,500) (4,500) (6,000)
Other expenses (17,500) (9,500) (4,000)
Operating profit 29,500 14,500 8,000
Finance costs (2,500) (1,500) (2,000)
Finance income 3,000 2,500 4,000
Profit before tax 30,000 15,500 10,000
Income tax expense (9,500) (4,500) (2,500)
Profit for the year 20,500 11,000 7,500
Other comprehensive income – revaluation surplus 5,000
Total comprehensive income for year 25,500 11,000 7,500

The following information is relevant:

i) HO disposed of an 8% equity interest in Sunyani on 30 September, 2018 for a cash consideration of GH¢9 million and had accounted for the gain or loss in other income. The carrying value of the net assets of Sunyani Ltd at 30 September, 2018 was GH¢60 million before any adjustments on consolidation. HO accounts for investments in subsidiaries using IFRS 9 financial instruments and has made an election to show gains and losses in other comprehensive income. The carrying value of the investment in Sunyani was GH¢45 million at 30 September 2017 and GH¢47.5 million at 30 September, 2018 before the disposal of the equity interest.

ii) HO acquired 60% of the equity interest of Kumasi Ltd, a limited liability company also in Ghana on 30 September, 2016. The purchase consideration was cash of GH¢35 million. Kumasi’s identifiable net assets were fair valued at GH¢43 million and the non-controlling interest had a fair value of GH¢14 million at that date. On 1 April 2018, HO disposed off a 40% equity interest in Kumasi for a consideration of GH¢25 million. Kumasi’s identifiable net assets were GH¢45 million and the value of the non-controlling interest was GH¢17 million at the date of disposal. The remaining equity interest was fair valued at GH¢20 million. After the disposal, HO exerts significant influence. Any increase in net assets since acquisition has been reported in profit or loss and the carrying value of the investment in Kumasi had not changed since acquisition. Goodwill had been tested for impairment and found that no impairment was required. No entries had been made in the financial statements of HO for this transaction other than for cash received.

iii) HO sold inventory to Sunyani for GH¢6 million at fair value. HO made a loss on the transaction of GH¢1 million and Sunyani still holds GH¢4 million in inventory at the year end.

iv) On 1 October 2016, HO purchased an item of property, plant and equipment for GH¢6 million and this is being depreciated using the straight line basis over 10 years with a nil residual value. At 30 September 2017, the asset was revalued to GH¢6.5 million but at 30 September 2018, the value of the asset had fallen to GH¢3.5 million. HO uses the revaluation model to value its non-current assets. The effect of the revaluation at 30 September 2018 had not been taken into account in total comprehensive income but depreciation for the year had been charged.

v) On 1 October 2016, HO made an award of 4,000 share options to each of its seven directors. The condition attached to the award was that the directors must remain employed by HO for three years. The fair value of each option at the grant date was GH¢100 and the fair value of each option at 30 September 2018 was GH¢110. At 30 September 2017, it was estimated that three directors would leave before the end of three years. Due to an economic downturn, the estimate of directors who were going to leave was revised to one director at 30 September 2018. The expense for the year as regards the share options had not been included in profit or loss for the current year and no director had left by 30 September 2018.

Required:
Prepare a consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 30 September 2018 for the HO group.

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CR – May 2016 – L3 – Q1a – Business Combinations and Consolidation

Discuss appropriate treatment of various investments in consolidated financial statements, including subsidiaries, associates, and held-for-sale assets.

The Avocado Ltd is preparing its consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31st December, 2015. Avocado Ltd has a number of investments in other entities. Details of these investments are as follows;

Investment in Akwadu Productions Avocado acquired 12% of the issued ordinary share capital of Akwadu Productions on 1st January 2010 for GH¢10,000,000. On 1st October, 2015 Avocado acquired a further 45% of the issued ordinary share capital for GH¢45,000,000. The fair value of the net assets at 1st October 2015 was GH¢120,000,000 and on 1st January 2010 was GH¢80,000,000. The previously held interest had a fair value on 1st October 2015 of GH¢17,000,000.

Investment in Akpakpa Ventures Ltd Avocado Ltd acquired 90% of the issued ordinary share capital of Akpakpa Ventures Ltd on 1st March 2015 for GH¢6,000,000 when the book value of the net assets was GH¢5,800,000. The fair value of these net assets was estimated at GH¢6,800,000 at the date of acquisition. The difference between fair value and the book value of the net assets related to depreciable property with a remaining useful life at the date of acquisition of 40 years.

Investment in Waatre Impex Ltd At the date of acquisition of Akpakpa Ventures Ltd, Akpakpa Ventures Ltd held 65% of the issued ordinary share capital of Waatre Impex Ltd. The operations of Waatre Impex Ltd do not fit within the strategic plans of Avocado Ltd and so the directors plan to sell this investment. The investment is currently being marketed with a view to selling it within 4 months.

Investment in Akutu Brothers Ltd Avocado Ltd acquired 40% of the issued ordinary share capital of Akutu brothers on 1st January 2014 for GH¢2,000,000 when the book value of the net assets was GH¢5,500,000. The fair value of these net assets was estimated at GH¢6,000,000 at the date of acquisition.

Required: a) Discuss the appropriate treatment of each investment in the consolidated financial statements of the Avocado Group Ltd as at 31st December 2015. (10 marks) (Note: Calculations are not required)

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CR – Dec 2022 – L3 – Q4b – Business combinations and consolidation

Explain how an investor can lose control over a subsidiary and the related accounting treatment in consolidated financial statements.

The loss of control of a subsidiary that is a business, other than in a nonreciprocal transfer to owners, results in the recognition of a gain or loss on the sale of the interest sold and on the revaluation of any retained non-controlling investment. A loss of control is an economic event, similar to that of gaining control, and therefore is a re-measurement event.

Required:

Explain in what ways an investor may lose control over an investee, indicating how such an accounting event should be dealt with in the consolidated financial statements.
(Total: 5 marks)

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