Question Tag: Risk Management

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CML – APRIL 2023 – L3 – Q5 – Functions of Credit Departments in Banks

Discuss up to five functions of any two of the three key credit departments: Credit Origination, Administration, Risk Management.

Three KEY departments responsible for credit in bank are:

  1. Credit Origination Departments
  2. Credit Administration
  3. Credit Risk Management

Discuss up to five (5) functions of any two (2) of these departments.

[20 Marks]

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BO – APRIL 2023 – L3 – Q1 – Functions of Asset-Liability Committee (ALCO)

Identify and explain five functions of the bank's Asset-Liability Committee (ALCO) for ensuring short-term and long-term viability.

a) Your bank’s Asset Liability Committee (ALCO) is a very important committee that ensures the sustainability and viability of the bank both in the short-term and long term. Identify and explain five functions performed by this committee in your bank. [15 marks]

b) Gap analysis is used in Asset and Liability management to measure interest rate risk in a bank’s balance sheet. Explain the phrase ‘Positive Gap’. How is a positive gap affected by rising interest rates? [7.5 marks]

c) Interest rate swaps are often used to manage interest rate risk of an organization. Briefly explain interest rate swaps and the expectation of a buyer of this risk hedging instrument. [7.5 marks]

[Total: 30 marks]

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MFS – APR 2024 – L2 – Q3 – Financial Intermediation and Profitability Enhancement

Describe financial intermediation as a business activity and consider ways to enhance profitability of a financial intermediary with reference to revenue streams and cost components, while maintaining caution.

(a.) How would you describe Financial Intermediation as a form of business activity?                                                                                     (b.) With reference to its revenue streams and cost components, consider how Profitability of a Financial Intermediary could be enhanced within the ambit of caution.

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CML – APR 2024 – L3 – Q4 – Relevance of ESG in Bank Credit Strategy

Discuss the importance of incorporating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors into a bank's credit strategy.

Discuss the relevance of ESG considerations in Bank Credit Strategy.

[20 Marks]

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CG – APR 2024 – L4 – Q6 – Role Expansion of Chief Governance Officer in Capital Planning

Discuss whether the evolving role of the Company Secretary to Chief Governance Officer should include capital planning in situations of stressed bank balance sheets.

The changing role of the Company Secretary to become the Chief Governance Officer (CGO) means that in situations of stressed Balance Sheet or Statement of Position of banks, the role of the CGO should be expanded to include Capital Planning. Discuss.

(20 marks)

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SCS – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q2 – Change Management

Explain leadership's role in change management and three of Kanter's skills for AML's diversification strategy.

a) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) has undergone significant transformations in its operations, particularly with the integration of lithium extraction into its core business. This shift has presented both opportunities and challenges, including regulatory compliance, technological advancements and stakeholder management. Successfully navigating these changes requires effective leadership and change management.

Rosabeth Moss Kanter suggests that managers in change-adept organisations must possess key skills to drive transformation effectively. As AML continues its diversification efforts, the company’s leadership must demonstrate these skills to sustain growth and maintain a competitive edge.

Required:

Identify and explain the critical role of leadership in managing change and THREE out of five key change management skills suggested by Kanter that AML’s leadership should exhibit to effectively manage its diversification and growth strategies.

b) Akosa Minerals Limited (AML) recently engaged a risk consultant from Isodek Consultants to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and provide recommendations on managing the transformational changes the company is undergoing. The consultant’s report highlights key risks and challenges related to AML’s diversification strategy, operational restructuring, stakeholder engagement and compliance with global sustainability standards.

To navigate these challenges effectively, AML’s leadership needs to apply the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model which provides a structured framework for managing large-scale organisational change.

Required:

Using the Gemini Consultants’ 4Rs model, discuss how each component can be applied to address the operational and environmental risks identified in the consultant’s report.

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FM – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Determine outcomes of forward contract and money market hedge for GPL's USD payment and recommend the best technique.

a) Gyenyame Pharmaceuticals LTD (GPL), a Ghanaian company, imports raw materials from the United States of America to produce generic drugs for the local market. Due to recent fluctuations in the foreign exchange market, the company’s management is concerned about the impact of exchange rate movements on its costs and profitability.
The company is expected to pay USD750,000 in three months for a shipment of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). GPL also exports locally produced herbal medicine called ‘Koo-pile’ to the Ghanaian community in Oklahoma, USA on credit basis. The company is expecting a receipt of USD250,000 in three months for a consignment exported a month ago.
GPL is considering two hedging strategies to manage the foreign exchange risk: a forward contract and a money market hedge.
The following financial information is available:

  • Current Spot Rate (GHS/USD): 12.00
  • 3-Month Forward Rate (GHS/USD): 12.20
  • 3-Month USD Interest Rate: 3% per annum
  • 3-Month GHS Interest Rate: 14% per annum
  • Expected Future Spot Rate in 3 Months (GHS/USD): 12.50

Required:
i) Determine the outcome of the two hedging techniques and recommend the appropriate technique to GPL based on your computations.
(9 marks)

ii) Explain THREE internal hedging techniques that GPL could use to manage its foreign exchange risk.

b) Technological advancements have significantly transformed financial markets, enhancing the way transactions are conducted, information is accessed and risks are managed. As financial institutions and individual investors increasingly depend on digital tools and innovative technologies, financial markets have become more efficient, accessible and transparent.

Required:
Explain FIVE positive impacts of technological development on financial markets.
(5 marks)

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AA – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q3 – Audit Strategy

Discuss the content and relevance of an audit strategy memorandum in guiding the audit process.

a) The overall audit strategy sets the scope, timing and direction of the audit and guides the development of a more detailed plan. Audit plan converts the audit strategy into a more detailed plan and includes the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures to be performed by the engagement team members in order to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence to reduce audit risk to an acceptable level. Required: Discuss the content of an audit strategy memorandum and its relevance to an audit.

b) Kalomo & Partners, an audit firm, has decided to enhance its audit procedures by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. The firm aims to leverage on AI to audit financial data and transactions more efficiently and effectively. As part of this initiative, the audit team is exploring how AI can be used to analyse large datasets, identify anomalies, and improve the accuracy of their audit findings. The management of Kalomo & Partners is seeking to understand the best practices for using AI in auditing and the potential challenges they may encounter. The firm wants to ensure that the integration of AI aligns with auditing standards and enhances the overall quality of their audit processes.

Required:

i) Explain how AI can be utilised in auditing financial data and transactions.

ii) State TWO potential benefits of using AI in the audit process of Kalomo & Partners.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Management’s Expert and Audit Evidence

Explain the term "management’s expert" and four factors to consider before relying on their work as audit evidence.

Question:
ISA 500: Audit Evidence provides guidance for auditors intending to rely on the work of a management’s expert. If the information to be used as audit evidence has been prepared using the work of a management’s expert, the auditor must evaluate the management’s expert.

Required:
i) Explain the term “management’s expert.” 
ii) Explain FOUR factors to consider before relying on the work of a management’s expert as audit evidence.

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MGE – May 2018 – L2 – Q4c – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discusses the implications of failing to understand relationships among risks.

Explain briefly the implications of failure to understand relationships among risks. (2 Marks)

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MGE – May 2018 – L2 – Q3b – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discusses the ALARP framework in risk management and its relevance for the Health Pharmaceutical Company.

Risk management has been an issue with the newly constituted board of Health Pharmaceutical Company. As the chairman of the board, you are required to:

Discuss the ALARP framework in risk management with the newly constituted board. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q5B – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Evaluate the roles of the board of directors and risk committees in managing risks.

Evaluate the roles of the following in risk management:
i. Board of directors. (4 Marks)
ii. Risk committees. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q5A – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain risk management and the process of risk mapping for a new company.

A friend of yours is planning to establish a company with a board of directors and committees. He hopes the company will have a system to manage its operations and the associated risks.

Required:
Explain:
i. Risk management (2 Marks)
ii. The process and use of risk mapping (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Provide advice on the nature and role of the risk committee and elements of ISO 31000 for XYZ Limited.

XYZ Limited is a company seeking to meet regulatory requirements for listing on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. As such, the company wants to make several changes in its risk management system.

Required:
You have been contracted to provide advice on:
a. The nature and role of the risk committee. (8 Marks)
b. The elements of the ISO 31000 risk management framework, including the 7Rs and 4Ts of implementing an enterprise-wide risk management system. (12 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Strategic Implementation

Advise on organizational structures and change management strategies for Bluebird Group Plc's transformation.

Bluebird Group Plc is a Nigerian multinational manufacturing company with head
office in Nigeria and factories in Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Cote d‟Ivoire and Mali. The
company produces electrical and electronic appliances which include refrigerators,
washing machines, pressing irons, television sets and cameras. It controls about 10%
of the market for these products in the West African market.
The company hopes to improve on its performance and competitive position over the
next ten years. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic came acceleration of
developments that heralded the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry
4.0) which has reshaped the contemporary business environment. Some of the
changes brought about by industry 4.0 include introduction of artificial intelligence,
manufacture of smart home appliances, use of robotic and blockchain technology
which could enable the head office access all enterprise activities across all locations
on real time. Many of the competitors of Bluebird Group have started introducing
these changes into their operations to maintain and improve their competitive
position.
In order to remain competitive and maintain its leadership position in the industry,
the management of Bluebird Group Plc has decided to make requisite changes in all
its operations. Its goal is to improve efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness,
innovativeness and ability to respond quickly to rapid changes in the business
environment. In order to achieve these, the company hopes to introduce up-to-date
cutting edge technology in its entire value chain. It also hopes to commence
production of smart home appliances to meet growing consumers‟ demand. To this
end, the company has contracted relevant vendors to supply needed equipment for
smart manufacturing and automation. It is anticipated that these changes have to be
supported by needed transformation in the company‟s organisational structure. Also,
the company intends to introduce Just-in-time production system and lean
manufacturing which will enable it produce bespoke appliances for different groups
of consumers. This is more compelling by the need to switch to team-based cross
functional approach in carrying out all its operations.

The company also recognises the need for reskilling of its workers as a fall-out of the
introduction of industry 4.0 to its operations to combat redundancy and reduce
layoffs.
The management of Bluebird Group Plc anticipates that these planned
transformations will make it necessary to take the following steps: Firstly, the
implementation of an effective enterprise-wide risk management strategy to mitigate
the attendant risks that such changes will bring. Secondly, there is the need to
implement an effective change management strategy for the anticipated outcomes to
be realised. The need for this is more evident with fear of retrenchment being
expressed by workers‟ trade unions.
You have just been engaged as a consultant to the company to advise on effective
business process reengineering and change management

Required:
a.
i. Explain briefly suitable organisational structures available to Bluebird Group
Plc. and their respective merits and demerits. (10 Marks)
ii. Advise the management of Bluebird Group Plc. on the best organisational
structure to adopt to achieve its stated objectives. (2 Marks)
b.
i. Explain FOUR Mintzberg‟s organisational configurations. (4 Marks)
ii. Drawing from the Mintzberg organisational configuration model, advise
Bluebird Group on the best organisational configuration to adopt. (3 Marks)
c. From the given scenario, identify the various risks associated with the proposed
changes to Bluebird Group Plc. (5 Marks)
d. Using the Gemini 4Rs Model, suggest to Bluebird Group an effective change
management strategy. (6 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain the processes of identifying, assessing, measuring, and prioritizing risks, and discuss the impact on stakeholders.

Success and profit maximization in business are premised on factors that include the ability to identify, assess, and measure risks. As a risk manager, how would you explain the following to a group of prospective entrepreneurs in ways that would adequately equip them to deal with operational, business, and strategic risks?

a. Risk identification (4 Marks)
b. The impact of risk on any four stakeholders (4 Marks)
c. Assessing risks: impact and probability (4 Marks)
d. Measuring risks (4 Marks)
e. Prioritizing risks (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Environmental Analysis

Perform a SWOT analysis using a Mini Resource Audit and Porter's Five Forces for Igbadun Nigeria Limited in the online streaming business.

Igbadun Nigeria Limited is a private limited liability company engaged in the business of online content streaming to registered subscribers through a dedicated website “igbadun.com”. The company’s content offerings include movies, TV episodes, cartoon series, educational series, documentaries, and reality shows.

The subscriber base growth rate of Igbadun has been phenomenal, jumping from about 3,000 in 2013 to 30,000 at the end of 2017. This is despite the fact that the industry is relatively new in Nigeria. The growth has led to an increase in revenue from N72 million in 2013 to N450 million by the year ended 31 December 2017. However, the only source of revenue to the company is customer subscriptions.

The impressive performance of Igbadun Nigeria Limited has been attributed to several factors, including:

  • Increasing internet usage;
  • Increased patronage of streamed online programs;
  • Improved access to the internet at a reduced cost;
  • Affordability of internet-enabled devices suitable for viewing online video content;
  • Cost reduction strategies and a very affordable subscription rate, which has been reduced from N2,000 in 2013 to N1,500 in 2017. This is the second-lowest rate in the industry;
  • Aggressive marketing strategy and investment in advertising;
  • Reduction in marketing costs as a percentage of revenue from 16% in 2013 to 12.8% in 2017;
  • Growth of gross subscribers by more than 100% per annum;
  • Investment of over 60% of its earnings for growth and development, especially in purchasing the best hardware and software available;
  • Aggressive R & D policy that has led to in-house development of most of its software, with all of them duly patented;
  • Effective Human Resource Management strategy that has helped to attract, motivate, train, and retain highly qualified and experienced manpower;
  • Management team of highly experienced personnel.

A report recently released by Arthur Baker and Company, a reputable consulting firm in Nigeria, predicted that the demand for online program streaming in Nigeria will grow significantly to 5 million by 2020. Consequently, existing rivals, such as Netcom and other smaller competitors, are jostling to gain competitive advantage. The relatively liberal legal requirements for entry have also facilitated an influx of new entrants into the industry. Netflox, the world’s biggest provider of online program streaming service, recently commenced operations in Nigeria.

Copyright activists recently proposed a bill to the National Assembly, allowing online program streaming providers to stream new releases only after two months of release. This bill will adversely affect the subscription revenue of igbadun.com if passed into law.

A major part of Igbadun’s subscription revenue is received through online payments using debit cards. However, a recent report by an independent consultant shows a decline in the use of online payment platforms due to increased security concerns. This has the potential to hurt Igbadun’s revenue stream.

Igbadun is also struggling to compete with other movie entertainment media such as cable TV, DVDs, and cinemas. The most worrisome for the company has been DVDs. The activities of pirates have made the price of DVDs for new releases as low as N500 each. If this continues unabated, the company risks losing its subscriber base.

Despite these challenges, Igbadun plans to grow its subscriber base to 200,000 by the end of 2020.

Required:

a. With the aid of a Mini Resource Audit and Porter’s Five Forces Model, prepare a SWOT analysis for the management of Igbadun Nigeria Limited.

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BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Nature of Business, Types, and Objectives

Discussing reasons for planning and types of planning based on time horizons.

The world in which businesses operate has become increasingly uncertain. By planning and identifying future risks and opportunities, businesses can act immediately to help create the most favourable future outcome and achieve goals and objectives.

a. State FIVE reasons for planning. (5 Marks)
b. Explain briefly THREE types of planning, considering time horizon. (15 Marks)

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CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Distinguish five types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

Distinguish FIVE (5) types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

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