Question Tag: Risk Management

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Evaluate the role of the board in corporate governance, focusing on responsibilities for strategy, oversight, and ethical leadership.

The role of the board of directors is critical in corporate governance. The National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana (the National Code) issued in November 2022 outlines the board’s core responsibilities.

Required:

Advise the board of BOGML on the FIVE key responsibilities of the board of directors as outlined in the National Code.

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Identify and explain the five governance pillars in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022.

It is evident that all is not well with the current corporate governance at BOGML. However, for the company to achieve sustainable growth and remain competitive, it must adhere to sound corporate governance principles.

Required:

Using the FIVE governance pillars identified in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022 (the National Code), issued in November 2022 by the Institute of Directors-Ghana, advise the company on how to improve upon its current governance structure.

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Approaches to Risk Management

Discusses risk management approaches to address identified risks in BOGML.

Approaches to risk management in BOGML – Advice to the board of directors

The following are the risk management approaches that the board of BOGML can adopt to manage the following risks identified in the company:

Risk A

  • Description: Low probability but high impact, e.g., pandemics, natural disasters.
  • Approach: Risk Transfer or Risk Sharing
  • Since this risk has a low likelihood of occurring but can result in severe financial losses, the company should consider transferring this risk or sharing risk. This can be done through the company taking full or partial (i.e. sharing of risk) insurance policies specifically designed for catastrophic events, such as business interruption insurance, pandemic insurance, or property insurance that covers natural disasters. Since the impact will be high when the risk occurs, the company can take insurance to pass on the high impact on the company to the insurance company which has to compensate BOGML in the event that the risk does occur.
  • The risk could also be shared through BOGML forming partnerships and collaborating with other OMCs to undertake investment in their oil stations.
  • The company should also develop a disaster recovery and business continuity plan to manage potential impacts effectively.

Risk B

  • Description: High likelihood but low financial impact, e.g., labor turnover and software downtime due to internet instability.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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  • 15 Marks

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Management’s Expert and Audit Evidence

Explain the term "management’s expert" and four factors to consider before relying on their work as audit evidence.

Question:
ISA 500: Audit Evidence provides guidance for auditors intending to rely on the work of a management’s expert. If the information to be used as audit evidence has been prepared using the work of a management’s expert, the auditor must evaluate the management’s expert.

Required:
i) Explain the term “management’s expert.” 
ii) Explain FOUR factors to consider before relying on the work of a management’s expert as audit evidence.

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  • 5 Marks

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2b – Advantages of Outsourcing Internal Audit

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the internal audit function.

As organisations look for ways to cut costs, the idea of outsourcing internal audit work goes on the agenda. While outsourcing may be appealing in theory, there are good reasons to keep internal audit in-house.

Required:
i) State TWO advantages of outsourcing the internal audit function. 
ii) State THREE disadvantages of outsourcing the internal audit function.

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q3 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Identify internal controls for managing risks at KAGM and explain related financial statement risks.

The Kuramo Art Gallery and Museum (KAGM) is in the centre of a city that is popular with tourists. About 65% of its income comes from admission fees and annual memberships, and about 30% of its income comes from sponsorship of special exhibitions by companies. Most of the remaining income comes from a small cafe and gift shop in the art gallery and museum.
Admission fees come from sales of tickets to daily visitors and from annual membership subscriptions from ‘Friends of KAGM’ who are entitled to free entry to the art gallery and museum at any time.
Day tickets can be purchased by credit card in advance, by a telephone ‘hotline’ or at KAGM’s website on the Internet. Alternatively, day tickets can be bought with cash or credit card at the ‘door’ on the day of the visit. Reduced prices are available for children, students, and individuals aged over 65, and there are also special reduced-price ‘family tickets’ for two adults and two children.
Sponsorship arrangements are agreed up to 18 months in advance. Some corporate sponsors, particularly transport companies (bus companies and railway companies) sell advertising to KAGM.
The management of KAGM have identified the following applicable risks that need careful attention. They believe that these risks should be managed actively.

(i) There is a failure to attract more visitors because of the poor condition of many of the paintings in the art gallery and of the items in the museum. Paintings must be restored regularly because their condition deteriorates. KAGM has just one specialist restorer, who is unable to keep up with the required volume of work. The management of KAGM recognise that investment in new items and the restoration of existing items is inadequate, but blame the lack of income for the problem.
(ii) Some corporate sponsorship agreements may not be invoiced due to poor communication between the sponsors, KAGM’s sponsorship managers, and the accounts department of KAGM.
(iii) Some sponsorship agreements are not invoiced at their correct amount. This happens often when a sponsor is also a company that provides advertising for KAGM. Normal practice is for these sponsors to deduct their advertising charges from the amount they pay to KAGM in sponsorship. However, the accounts department in KAGM is not given the details of these set-off arrangements.
(iv) Some of the cash received from day visitors at the door may be stolen (or lost, or used by management for business expenses) and does not reach KAGM’s cashier.
(v) The on-line booking system for buying tickets in advance on the KAGM website is not always available because the website is ‘down’.

Required:

(a) Describe appropriate internal controls to manage each of the applicable risks described above. (15 Marks)
(b) Explain the financial statement risks that arise from each of these applicable risks. (5 Marks)

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  • 7 Marks

FM – May 2016 – L3 – Q6a – Financial Risk Management

Calculating the number of call options needed to delta-hedge the position of a bank's investment in shares.

You work in the corporate finance department of a major bank. The bank has invested in 20,000,000 shares of Ode Oil Plc. You are concerned about the recent volatility in Ode Oil Plc’s share price due to the recent instability in the global oil market. You plan to protect the bank’s investment from a possible fall in Ode Oil Plc’s share price for the next three months and do not plan to sell the shares at present.

You have the following additional information:

  • Ode Oil Plc’s current share price: N10
  • Call option’s current share price: N11
  • Option expiry: 3 months
  • Interest rate (annual): 8%
  • Ode Oil Plc’s share annual standard deviation: 64%

You are required to calculate:
How many call options you need to buy or sell in order to delta-hedge the bank’s position. Please be specific.

Note: Delta may be estimated using N(d1).

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  • 15 Marks

FM – May 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Financial Risk Management

Analyze the use of an interest rate swap between two companies for mutual benefit.

Large Plc. (LP) wishes to borrow N200 million for five years to finance the purchase of new non-current assets. The preference of the company’s Directors is that these funds are borrowed at a fixed rate of interest. The company’s long-term debt is currently rated BBB, meaning LP would have to pay 6.5% p.a. for fixed rate borrowing. Alternatively, LP could borrow at a floating rate, i.e. the prime lending rate (PLR) + 2.25% at the present time.

The Directors of LP have recently been informed by its bank that TK Plc. is also currently looking to borrow N200 million for five years at a floating rate of interest, and its AA rating gives it access to floating rate borrowing at PLR + 1.50% per annum. TK Plc. would pay 5.50% per annum for fixed rate borrowing at the present time.

Required:

a. State FIVE reasons that a company might have for entering into an interest rate swap. (5 Marks)

b. Show how an interest rate swap could be used to the equal benefit of both companies, assuming that the terms of the swap agreement are such that LP’s swap payment to TK Plc. is to be 5.5% fixed per annum. (7 Marks)

c. Identify, with a supporting brief explanation, which of the two companies would be disadvantaged if the PLR were to fall consistently within the five-year term of the interest rate swap. (1 Mark)

d. Identify TWO risks that both companies will face, should they decide to enter into the interest rate swap agreement. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q3 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Explain COBIT as an IT governance tool, its purpose, and six specific components of the framework.

Jemigboran Commercial Industries has been operating for some years. Its management has sought your input as the auditor of the company on a proposal by the information technology (IT) team of the company to introduce a framework as “Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT)” for its operations.

Required:
a. Explain COBIT as an IT governance tool, and the purpose it serves in an organisation. (8 Marks)
b. Identify and explain SIX specific components of COBIT. (12 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Strategic Implementation

Advise on organizational structures and change management strategies for Bluebird Group Plc's transformation.

Bluebird Group Plc is a Nigerian multinational manufacturing company with head
office in Nigeria and factories in Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Cote d‟Ivoire and Mali. The
company produces electrical and electronic appliances which include refrigerators,
washing machines, pressing irons, television sets and cameras. It controls about 10%
of the market for these products in the West African market.
The company hopes to improve on its performance and competitive position over the
next ten years. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic came acceleration of
developments that heralded the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry
4.0) which has reshaped the contemporary business environment. Some of the
changes brought about by industry 4.0 include introduction of artificial intelligence,
manufacture of smart home appliances, use of robotic and blockchain technology
which could enable the head office access all enterprise activities across all locations
on real time. Many of the competitors of Bluebird Group have started introducing
these changes into their operations to maintain and improve their competitive
position.
In order to remain competitive and maintain its leadership position in the industry,
the management of Bluebird Group Plc has decided to make requisite changes in all
its operations. Its goal is to improve efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness,
innovativeness and ability to respond quickly to rapid changes in the business
environment. In order to achieve these, the company hopes to introduce up-to-date
cutting edge technology in its entire value chain. It also hopes to commence
production of smart home appliances to meet growing consumers‟ demand. To this
end, the company has contracted relevant vendors to supply needed equipment for
smart manufacturing and automation. It is anticipated that these changes have to be
supported by needed transformation in the company‟s organisational structure. Also,
the company intends to introduce Just-in-time production system and lean
manufacturing which will enable it produce bespoke appliances for different groups
of consumers. This is more compelling by the need to switch to team-based cross
functional approach in carrying out all its operations.

The company also recognises the need for reskilling of its workers as a fall-out of the
introduction of industry 4.0 to its operations to combat redundancy and reduce
layoffs.
The management of Bluebird Group Plc anticipates that these planned
transformations will make it necessary to take the following steps: Firstly, the
implementation of an effective enterprise-wide risk management strategy to mitigate
the attendant risks that such changes will bring. Secondly, there is the need to
implement an effective change management strategy for the anticipated outcomes to
be realised. The need for this is more evident with fear of retrenchment being
expressed by workers‟ trade unions.
You have just been engaged as a consultant to the company to advise on effective
business process reengineering and change management

Required:
a.
i. Explain briefly suitable organisational structures available to Bluebird Group
Plc. and their respective merits and demerits. (10 Marks)
ii. Advise the management of Bluebird Group Plc. on the best organisational
structure to adopt to achieve its stated objectives. (2 Marks)
b.
i. Explain FOUR Mintzberg‟s organisational configurations. (4 Marks)
ii. Drawing from the Mintzberg organisational configuration model, advise
Bluebird Group on the best organisational configuration to adopt. (3 Marks)
c. From the given scenario, identify the various risks associated with the proposed
changes to Bluebird Group Plc. (5 Marks)
d. Using the Gemini 4Rs Model, suggest to Bluebird Group an effective change
management strategy. (6 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain the processes of identifying, assessing, measuring, and prioritizing risks, and discuss the impact on stakeholders.

Success and profit maximization in business are premised on factors that include the ability to identify, assess, and measure risks. As a risk manager, how would you explain the following to a group of prospective entrepreneurs in ways that would adequately equip them to deal with operational, business, and strategic risks?

a. Risk identification (4 Marks)
b. The impact of risk on any four stakeholders (4 Marks)
c. Assessing risks: impact and probability (4 Marks)
d. Measuring risks (4 Marks)
e. Prioritizing risks (4 Marks)

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  • 25 Marks

CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q1a – Environmental Analysis

Perform a SWOT analysis using a Mini Resource Audit and Porter's Five Forces for Igbadun Nigeria Limited in the online streaming business.

Igbadun Nigeria Limited is a private limited liability company engaged in the business of online content streaming to registered subscribers through a dedicated website “igbadun.com”. The company’s content offerings include movies, TV episodes, cartoon series, educational series, documentaries, and reality shows.

The subscriber base growth rate of Igbadun has been phenomenal, jumping from about 3,000 in 2013 to 30,000 at the end of 2017. This is despite the fact that the industry is relatively new in Nigeria. The growth has led to an increase in revenue from N72 million in 2013 to N450 million by the year ended 31 December 2017. However, the only source of revenue to the company is customer subscriptions.

The impressive performance of Igbadun Nigeria Limited has been attributed to several factors, including:

  • Increasing internet usage;
  • Increased patronage of streamed online programs;
  • Improved access to the internet at a reduced cost;
  • Affordability of internet-enabled devices suitable for viewing online video content;
  • Cost reduction strategies and a very affordable subscription rate, which has been reduced from N2,000 in 2013 to N1,500 in 2017. This is the second-lowest rate in the industry;
  • Aggressive marketing strategy and investment in advertising;
  • Reduction in marketing costs as a percentage of revenue from 16% in 2013 to 12.8% in 2017;
  • Growth of gross subscribers by more than 100% per annum;
  • Investment of over 60% of its earnings for growth and development, especially in purchasing the best hardware and software available;
  • Aggressive R & D policy that has led to in-house development of most of its software, with all of them duly patented;
  • Effective Human Resource Management strategy that has helped to attract, motivate, train, and retain highly qualified and experienced manpower;
  • Management team of highly experienced personnel.

A report recently released by Arthur Baker and Company, a reputable consulting firm in Nigeria, predicted that the demand for online program streaming in Nigeria will grow significantly to 5 million by 2020. Consequently, existing rivals, such as Netcom and other smaller competitors, are jostling to gain competitive advantage. The relatively liberal legal requirements for entry have also facilitated an influx of new entrants into the industry. Netflox, the world’s biggest provider of online program streaming service, recently commenced operations in Nigeria.

Copyright activists recently proposed a bill to the National Assembly, allowing online program streaming providers to stream new releases only after two months of release. This bill will adversely affect the subscription revenue of igbadun.com if passed into law.

A major part of Igbadun’s subscription revenue is received through online payments using debit cards. However, a recent report by an independent consultant shows a decline in the use of online payment platforms due to increased security concerns. This has the potential to hurt Igbadun’s revenue stream.

Igbadun is also struggling to compete with other movie entertainment media such as cable TV, DVDs, and cinemas. The most worrisome for the company has been DVDs. The activities of pirates have made the price of DVDs for new releases as low as N500 each. If this continues unabated, the company risks losing its subscriber base.

Despite these challenges, Igbadun plans to grow its subscriber base to 200,000 by the end of 2020.

Required:

a. With the aid of a Mini Resource Audit and Porter’s Five Forces Model, prepare a SWOT analysis for the management of Igbadun Nigeria Limited.

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  • 20 Marks

BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Nature of Business, Types, and Objectives

Discussing reasons for planning and types of planning based on time horizons.

The world in which businesses operate has become increasingly uncertain. By planning and identifying future risks and opportunities, businesses can act immediately to help create the most favourable future outcome and achieve goals and objectives.

a. State FIVE reasons for planning. (5 Marks)
b. Explain briefly THREE types of planning, considering time horizon. (15 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q3a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Distinguish five types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

Distinguish FIVE (5) types of risk that a Risk Manager is expected to oversee.

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  • 20 Marks

CSME – May 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discuss the elements of a risk management system, Board committee functions in risk management, and six categories of business risks from the Turnbull Report.

The Code of Corporate Governance in Nigeria states that “the Board of Directors may establish a Risk Management Committee to review the adequacy and effectiveness of risk management and controls at least annually and the Board has responsibility to report on the effectiveness of the controls to shareholders.”

a) In line with the requirements above, discuss the elements of a risk management system. (8 Marks)

b)
(i) Advise an executive director on the functions of the Board Committee in relation to enterprise risk management. (6 Marks)
(ii) Extract from the Turnbull Report, the six (6) categories of risk common to business. (6 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q2b – Capital structure

Discuss the potential benefits and problems of converting short-term borrowing into long-term loans.

i) Discuss the potential benefits and problems with proposals to convert the company’s short-term borrowings into a longer-term loan.

ii) Pay bigger cash salaries, or add a share option element to the remuneration packages.

iii) Maintain the dividend for 2019 at the 2018 level, or even reduce it further.

iv) Convert any surplus dollar cash into cedis.

(10 marks)

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  • 7 Marks

SCS – Nov 2019 – L3 – Q1d – Controlling risk

Recommend internal controls to improve customer safety and service at Ghanalux.

Recommend internal controls that might be implemented by the company to improve customer safety and security, and to deal with the problems of poor service to customers.
(7 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Aug 2022 – L3 – Q8 – Controlling Risk

Explain the ISO 31000 risk management framework and the OECD principles relevant to Bazar's governance concerns.

The Director of Finance and Operations, Mrs. Emma Owusu-Kwakye, is concerned about the lack of a “standardised risk management system” and “good corporate governance” at Bazar. Following Continuous Professional Development (CPD) training organised recently by the Institute of Chartered Accountants, Ghana (ICAG), on this subject and attended by you as a member of the Finance Team, duly paid for from Bazar’s training budget:

Required:
You have been asked by management to brief your finance team members on the following:

i) The International Standardisation for Organisation (ISO 31000) framework for risk management using the three (3) main elements. (5 marks)
ii) TWO (2) out of the Six OECD principles of Corporate Governance. (5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – May 2021 – L3 – Q7 – Controlling risk

Explain the process of risk management that should be adopted by SBL's board in line with ISO 31000.

Debora Dede Boateng is having sleepless nights due to the level of SBL’s risk in relation to ongoing investment. She had a discussion with Bismark, which centered on the “International Organization for Standardisation’s ISO 31000.”

Required:
Explain the process of risk management that you will recommend that should be adopted by SBL’s board in line with ISO 31000. (10 marks)

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