Question Tag: Risk Assessment

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

Lamsey Jewelers is a family-owned business specializing in high-end jewellery, located in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The company sources gold from various suppliers in the small-scale mining sector. Recently, the Minerals Commission received anonymous tips suggesting that Lamsey Jewelers may be involved in laundering money through its operations. Authorities suspect that the business could be used to conceal the origins of illicit funds through gold purchases and sales.

To investigate these suspicions, regulatory authorities have appointed Baba Yara and Associates, an independent auditing firm, to conduct a thorough review of Lamsey Jewelers’ operations and financial transactions. During the audit, Baba Yara and Associates discovered that Lamsey Jewelers has been accepting large cash payments for custom jewellery orders without conducting proper due diligence on the customers. Several transactions involving cash payments exceed typical retail amounts, raising suspicions of potential money laundering.

Required:

i) Discuss the key legal and regulatory requirements in Ghana related to anti-money laundering relevant to Lamsey Jewelers.

ii) Discuss the obligations placed on professional firms such as Baba Yara and Associates in relation to money laundering.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – Compliance Audit in State Audits

Evaluate compliance audit engagements in state audits and discuss common areas covered in reports.

Compliance audit is crucial in state audits to ensure multiple objectives. It determines whether the subject matter being considered follows specific criteria. These criteria may include:

  1. Parliament decisions
  2. The Law
  3. Government Policy
  4. Established agreed terms, etc.

Compliance audit can be conducted as either an Attestation Engagement or a Direct Reporting Engagement.

Required:
i) Evaluate these TWO engagements. 
ii) Discuss common areas that will be covered by the reports of the two engagements.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Audit of Ghana’s Domestic Debt Exchange Programme

Describe how to plan and execute an audit of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program.

a) The Minister for Finance on December 5, 2022, invited holders of domestic bonds to voluntarily exchange GH¢137.3 (US$14.3) billion of the bonds and notes including E.S.L.A and Daakye Bonds for a package of 12 new eligible domestic bonds.

As Director of Audit at the Ghana Audit Service, describe how you would plan and execute an audit of the implementation of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program as a form of CPD for a section of staff of the Ghana Audit Service.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1b – Group Audit Risks and Consolidation Issues

Audit risks and procedures for a multinational group audit engagement.

You are a Senior Auditor at Dromo Audit Firm, assigned to audit a new client, Afroherb Pharma LTD, a multinational pharmaceutical company. During the initial stages of engagement planning, you discovered that Afroherb Pharma LTD operates in multiple jurisdictions, including Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia. The parent company is in Ghana, and the companies in the other jurisdictions are all subsidiaries. All these jurisdictions have significant regulatory requirements and operational difficulties. The company has recently expanded its product line to include vaccine production following the introduction of The Vaccine Centre in Ghana. The production of vaccines is also subject to stringent regulatory reviews.

Required:
i) State FOUR audit procedures you could perform in relation to the consolidation of the financial statements of Afroherb Group. 
ii) Identify TWO specific risks associated with auditing Afroherb Pharma LTD, particularly in relation to its expansion into vaccine products. How should these risks be managed?
iii) State TWO problems associated with the planning of group audits

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Substantive Testing of Accounts Receivable

Explain three substantive tests for verifying accounts receivable balance.

Baaba & Associates, an audit firm, is conducting a year-end audit of Rashida LTD. The audit team is particularly concerned about the accuracy of the accounts receivable balance reported on the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Therefore, as part of their audit procedures, they need to perform substantive tests to identify any material misstatements, errors, or fraud that could impact the accuracy of the financial statements.

Required:
Explain THREE substantive tests that the audit team at Baaba & Associates should perform to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the accuracy of Rashida LTD’s accounts receivable balance.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Tests of Control and Methods for Testing Controls

Explain two tests of control and their corresponding methods of testing.

Oboshie Audit Firm has been engaged to audit the financial statements of Abakah Manufacturing LTD for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the planning phase of the audit, the audit team identified that Abakah Manufacturing LTD relies heavily on its internal control system to ensure the accuracy and completeness of its financial reporting.

Required:
i) Explain TWO tests of control to be performed by Oboshie Audit Firm to evaluate the effectiveness of Abakah Manufacturing LTD’s internal controls over its financial reporting.

ii) Identify a method that should be used under each test of control in (i) above.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2a – Cyber Security Threats & amp; Audit Response

Discusses cyber security threats in an IT-enabled audit environment and the appropriate audit responses to mitigate such risks.

You are part of a team undertaking the audit of Glaglo LTD, a local retail company. The company recently introduced an online marketing and sales system. As part of understanding the company’s revenue process by way of a walkthrough test, you noted that the company has recently engaged a fintech company to handle payment processing from these online sales.

Required:

i) Discuss FOUR cyber security threats associated with the IT System employed by Glaglo LTD.

ii) State the audit response to the cyber security threats associated with the IT System employed by Glaglo LTD.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Levels of Assurance

Discusses the differences between reasonable assurance and limited assurance in audit engagements.

According to IAASB Handbook 2023-2024 edition, the degree of assurance that can be provided about the reliability of the financial statements of a company will depend on the amount of work performed in carrying out the assurance process and the result of that work. The resulting assurance falls into one of two levels – reasonable assurance and limited assurance.

Required:
In reference to the statement above, discuss the difference between reasonable assurance and limited assurance.

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BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4d – Utmost Good Faith in Insurance

Explanation of the principle of utmost good faith in insurance contracts.

Disclosure of material facts is important in insurance transactions.

Required:
What is utmost good faith in insurance?

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FM – May 2016 – L3 – Q1 – Investment Appraisal Techniques

Calculation of Adjusted Present Value (APV) for a proposed project and analysis of its application in investment appraisal.

Katam Pie has adopted a strategy of diversification into many different industries in order to reduce risk for the company’s shareholders. This has resulted in frequent changes in the company’s gearing level and widely fluctuating risks of individual investments. Presently, the company has a target debt-to-asset ratio i.e., D/(E + D) of 25%, an equity beta of 2.25, and a pre-tax cost of debt of 5%.

On January 1, 2016, Katam Plc with a year-end of December 31, is considering the purchase of a new machine costing N750million, which would enable it to diversify into a new line of business. The new business will generate sales of N522.50million in the first year, growing at 4.5% p.a. A constant contribution margin ratio of 40% can be expected throughout the 15-year life of the project. Incremental fixed cash costs will be N84.32million in the first year, growing by 5.4% p.a.

A regional development bank has offered a 10-year loan of 3% interest to finance 40% of the cost of the machine. The balance of 60% will be financed equally by a 10-year commercial loan (with annual interest of 5%) and a fresh round of equity. The issue cost on the commercial loan will be 1%, and the new equity will incur an issue cost of 3%. All issue costs are on the gross amount raised for the respective capital. Issue costs on debt are allowed for tax purposes.

A firm that is already in the business of the new project has a gearing ratio of 20% (debt to asset) and a cost of equity of 18.1%. Its corporate debt is risk-free.

The tax rate is 30% payable in the year the profit is made. Tax depreciation of 20% on cost is available on the new machine. Katam Pie has a weighted average cost of capital of 14% and a cost of equity of 17.5%. The risk-free rate is 4%, and the market risk premium is 7%.

You are required to:

  1. Estimate the Adjusted Present Value (APV) and advise whether the project should be accepted? (21 Marks)
  2. Explain:
    i. The circumstances under which the use of APV is appropriate. (5 Marks)
    ii. The major advantages and limitations of the use of the APV method. (4 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Planning an Audit

Outline the importance of audit planning and develop an audit strategy for Hurricane Ltd.

Hurricane Limited

You are the audit manager in charge of the audit of Hurricane Limited. The company’s year-end is 31 December, and Hurricane Limited has been a client for seven years. The company purchases and resells fittings for ships, including anchors, compasses, rudders, sails, etc. Clients vary in size from small businesses making yachts to large companies maintaining large luxury cruise ships. No manufacturing takes place in Hurricane Limited.

Information on the company’s financial performance is available as follows:

Other Information:

i. The industry in which Hurricane Limited operates has seen moderate growth of 7% over the last year.

ii. Non-current assets mainly relate to company premises for storing inventory. Ten delivery vehicles are owned with a net book value of ₦300,000.

iii. One of the directors purchased a yacht during the year.

iv. Inventory is stored in ten different locations across the country, with your firm again having offices close to seven of those locations.

v. A computerized inventory control system was introduced in August 2013.

vi. Inventory balances are now obtainable directly from the computer system. The client does not intend to count inventory at the year-end but relies instead on the computerized inventory control system.

Required:

a. ISA 300 Planning an Audit of Financial Statements, states that an auditor must plan the audit.
Explain why it is important to plan an audit. (5 Marks)

b. Using the information provided above, prepare the audit strategy for Hurricane Limited for the year ending 31 December 2014. (15 Marks)

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AA – May 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Assessment and Internal Control

Analysis of substantive procedures, risk assessment purposes, and categories of audit assertions.

Your partner invited you and other colleagues to a pre-audit meeting and informed you that the audit of Why Worry Agro Chemical Company Limited will soon commence. He stated that based on experience, the internal control system is not reliable. Therefore, it will be a transaction-based audit approach involving a high level of substantive testing.

He further informed the engagement team that arrangements will be made for a brainstorming session on risk assessment and how to address the risk, using relevant audit assertions. The internal specialists on information technology and tax were invited to the meeting, and two new audit trainees were attached to you on the audit.

As the proposed audit senior personnel on the audit team:

You are required to explain:

a. Substantive audit procedures (2 Marks)

b. Purpose of risk assessment (6 Marks)

c. Categories of financial statements audit assertions (6 Marks)

d. Examples of substantive testing (6 Marks)

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AA – May 2023 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Risk Assessment and Internal Control

Addressing the impact of record loss on business continuity and methods to manage data recovery.

Indorise Limited has been in business for about 20 years. The company has divisional offices in three locations. The accounting records are kept mainly at the head office, with backup in an adjacent building to the office. The office is located close to a petrol station.

An unfortunate incident occurred in a certain year when the petrol station caught fire, engulfing most offices in the area. The company lost most of the properties in the building, including important accounting records. Consequently, the company relocated its office to another street. However, many of the accounting records were not backed up, leading to disputes from the tax office, customers, and suppliers over balances, with some parties even initiating litigation claims.

Required:

a. Explain the importance of maintaining adequate backup for accounting records. (5 Marks)

b. Identify measures that Indorise Limited could implement to prevent future data loss. (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the role of internal controls in ensuring business continuity in cases of disaster. (5 Marks)

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AA – May 2023 – L2 – SA – Q3 – Planning an Audit

Key preliminary audit activities, confidentiality characteristics, and stages of analytical review.

The following issues emanated from the pre-audit meeting of FIFO Limited:

  1. The operating environment has been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Management has responded with policy initiatives to stem negative impacts, resulting in financial contractions in Q2 2020 that affected half-year results and necessitated budget revisions. Effects included GDP shrinkage, lower investment yields, foreign exchange rate growth, and inflation.
  2. Increased accounts receivable due to customers’ repayment issues.
  3. Focus on liquidity to support daily operations.
  4. Volatile profit before tax, requiring alternative materiality benchmarks such as gross profit or total revenue.
  5. Firm’s software calculates materiality based on selected benchmarks, with auditor judgment essential in assessing materiality.
  6. Engagement team declaration of independence and confidentiality of client information.
  7. Completion of preliminary engagement activities on schedule for timely review.
  8. Use of preliminary analytical review as a risk assessment tool to identify unusual transactions, events, and trends that may indicate audit-relevant matters, including fraud risks. This should be handled with care.

Required:

a. State the preliminary activities to be undertaken before the commencement of the audit. (6 Marks)

b. State the characteristics of confidentiality in auditing. (7 Marks)

c. Explain briefly the purposes of analytical review. (4 Marks)

d. State at what stage of the audit an analytical review should be performed. (3 Marks)

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CSME – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Advise on risk management for a supermarket chain facing security challenges and new regulations.

A supermarket chain recently established more outlets in the city. Due to increased risk exposure occasioned by heightened insecurity in the country, the company saw the need to implement an effective management strategy aimed at minimizing attendant risks. The need is made even more apparent due to the introduction of more stringent regulatory requirements on handling perishable food items by the National Agency for Food and Drugs Administration and Control (NAFDAC). To this end, you have been engaged to provide advice to the company on risk management.

Required:

a.

  • i. Using the ALARP principle, advise the management on how to effectively manage the company’s risks. (2 Marks)
  • ii. Advise the company on the need to engage a risk manager. (2 Marks)
  • iii. Enumerate the roles of a risk manager. (5 Marks)

b.

  • i. What is a risk audit? Should the firm engage internal or external auditors (or consultants) to conduct a risk audit? Justify your position. (7 Marks)
  • ii. Illustrate to the management of the company the stages involved in conducting a risk audit. (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q4b – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Educate new board members on the role of the board and management in identifying and assessing risks.

As the chairman of the board of directors of Health Pharmaceutical Company, you are required to educate newly elected members of the board on the roles of the board and management in identifying and assessing risks.

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CSME – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q1a – Environmental Analysis

Advise Cells Incorporated on the strategic management factors to consider when relocating its manufacturing plant to Dumbura Republic.

Dumbura Republic is reputed for its high population density and the consequent availability of cheap labour. Surprisingly, due to the high premium placed on qualitative education in science and technology-based disciplines, the country has an abundance of highly skilled workforce suited for manufacturing industries. Other features of Dumbura Republic include adequate, accessible and reliable social infrastructure such as electricity, potable water, road and rail network, and an effective security network. Besides, the country also has a variety of tax incentives designed to attract foreign investments. These positive features of the socio-economic environment in Dumbura have attracted a lot of foreign investors, including several computer and mobile phones hardware production companies.

Indeed, the socio-economic environment in Dumbura is very business-friendly. Hence, it is not surprising that a lot of foreign companies have located their industrial plants in the country. Effects of this development include increased employment opportunities, influx of people in search of employment from neighbouring countries, spiralling rent rates for all categories of accommodation, worsening environmental pollution, and a spiking population growth rate, which is beginning to take its toll on available social infrastructure. Besides, the hitherto peaceful country is beginning to experience an increased rate of crimes such as burglary, robbery, cyber theft and kidnap that target expatriates particularly. The local population is becoming increasingly hostile to the expatriates and workers from neighbouring countries, accusing them of denying the local population access to good job opportunities.

You have been employed as a consultant to a computer and mobile phone hardware company, Cells Incorporated, which is considering relocating its major manufacturing plant from an Asian country to Dumbura Republic. This is hoped to bring down the cost of production and provide a ready market for about 20% of its products.

Required:
With the aid of Johnson, Scholes, and Whittington’s position on strategic management, advise Cells Incorporated on the elements of strategic management that must be taken into consideration in deciding whether to relocate its manufacturing plants to Dumbura Republic. Ensure that you make adequate references to the scenario above as might be relevant.

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MGE – May 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Design a risk map for Ego Oil and Gas Limited and advise on control measures for each risk category.

Ego Oil and Gas Limited is a company licensed to operate in Nigeria’s downstream oil and gas sector. The company owns tank farms and filling stations across the six geo-political zones of the country. These include the North-East and South-South, where there have been increased cases of terrorist activities, especially kidnapping.

The company recently suffered losses due to a fire outbreak at one of its tank farms and fraud at the Port Harcourt office in the South-South Zone. There is also a rumoured agitation by the labour movement in the country, which will further reduce the price of petroleum products. If this happens, the company will suffer severe revenue loss. In order to control and effectively manage risk, the company has decided to assess all its risks.

Required:
Design a risk map for the management of Ego Oil and Gas Limited and advise on the control measures for each risk category. (15 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q5A – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain risk management and the process of risk mapping for a new company.

A friend of yours is planning to establish a company with a board of directors and committees. He hopes the company will have a system to manage its operations and the associated risks.

Required:
Explain:
i. Risk management (2 Marks)
ii. The process and use of risk mapping (4 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q3 – Internal Audits

Discuss audit considerations for Youthplus, a Not-for-Profit Organisation.

Youthplus is a Not-for-Profit Organisation (NFPO) established by well-meaning Nigerians. The aims and objectives of the NFPO include raising funds to assist youth corpers who, after their service, are unable to secure employment, to start small-scale businesses instead of waiting for white-collar jobs that are not in existence. NFPO solicits funds from the public, private, and foreign organisations. Youthplus has been in existence for five years, and your firm has been appointed as their auditors.

Required:
What factors would you put into consideration when carrying out the audit of Youthplus in the following areas?
a. Planning (4 Marks)
b. Risk (4 Marks)
c. Internal control (4 Marks)
d. Audit evidence (4 Marks)
e. Reporting (4 Marks)

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