Question Tag: Qualitative Characteristics

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PSAF – May 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Apply IPSAS standards to adjust and analyze financial information for Okuku State University.

Okuku State University is a parastatal under Okuku State, not classified as a Government Business Enterprise (GBE). The following is the statement of financial position for the University as of December 31, 2018:

Statement of Financial Position (as at Dec 31, 2018)

Item Cost (₦’million) Accumulated Depreciation (₦’million) Carrying Amount (₦’million)
Land and Buildings 15,000 250 14,750
Equipment 1,000 100 900
Furniture 800 80 720
Plant & Machinery 550 50 500
Motor Vehicles 450 45 405
Total Non-Current Assets 17,800 525 17,275
Inventories 11,000
Receivables 15,000
Bank 3,000
Total Current Assets 29,000
Total Assets 46,275
Non-Current Liabilities 30,000
Current Liabilities 8,000
Total Liabilities 38,000
Net Assets 8,275
Reserves 8,275

Additional Information:

  1. Office equipment was purchased for ₦150,000,000 from Joko Nigeria Limited, with installation and transportation costing ₦3,000,000. Half was paid during the year, with the remainder in January 2019. The University also acquired a building valued at ₦500,000,000 from a defunct State College.
  2. The University Teaching Hospital received motor vehicles and laboratory equipment donations worth ₦20,000,000 and ₦50,000,000, respectively, from a UK-based research institute.
  3. A motor vehicle bought on January 1, 2017, for ₦8,000,000 with a five-year life was sold for ₦4,000,000 at year-end.
  4. Computers bought in 2017 for ₦1,000,000, with an expected five-year lifespan, were damaged in a fire and written off.
  5. Land was bought for ₦50,000,000 for constructing a plaza valued at ₦250,000,000, with an estimated 25-year life.
  6. One building, valued at ₦160,000,000, was damaged by fire, with a post-fire valuation of ₦130,000,000.
  7. A motor vehicle was acquired on January 1, 2018, for ₦150,000,000.
  8. The University’s depreciation policy includes full-year depreciation with rates: Motor Vehicle 20%, Building 4%, Furniture 10%, Equipment (including Lab and Computers) 20%, and Plant and Machinery 15%.

Required:
a. Identify FOUR characteristics of Government Business Enterprises (GBEs) as
stated in IPSAS 1 on presentation of financial statements. (2 Marks)
b. Prepare the necessary journal entries to record the above transactions for
the year ended December 31, 2018. (10 Marks)
c. Prepare the adjusted statement of financial position as at December 31,
2018. (20 Marks)
d. Identify and explain FOUR qualitative characteristics of financial reporting as
required by appendix 2 of IPSAS 1 on presentation of financial statements.
(8 Marks)

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FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q6b – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Analysis of qualitative characteristics application in specific financial reporting scenarios.

The following transactions and events took place in Jaye Investment Nigeria Limited during the year ended March 31, 2019.

(i) The company entered into a lease to rent an asset paying N150,000 a year for 5 years out of its useful economic life of 15 years. Assume a rate of interest implicit in the lease to be 10%. (6 Marks)

(ii) The company’s statement of profit or loss prepared using the historical cost method showed a loss from operating its hotels, but the company is aware that the increase in value of its properties during the year far outweigh the operating loss. (4 Marks)

(iii) A decision was made by Jaye Investment Nigeria Limited’s board of directors to change the company’s accounting policy from one of expensing the finance cost on building new retail outlets to one of capitalising such costs. (4 Marks)

Required:
Explain how you would treat the items in (i) to (iii) above in Jaye Investment Nigeria Limited’s financial statements and indicate on which of the qualitative characteristic framework your treatment is based.

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FR – May 2021 – L2 – Q6a – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Explanation of relevance, faithful representation, and comparability in financial reporting per IASB.

Explain what is meant by:
i. Relevance
ii. Faithful representation
iii. Comparability and how they make financial information useful.

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FR – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q6 – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Discuss the qualitative characteristics that make financial information useful and explain the capital maintenance concepts under the IASB framework.

a. The IASB Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting gives much detail about the qualitative characteristics of financial information that make it useful.

Required:
Discuss the qualitative characteristics that make information useful to users of financial statements. (10 Marks)

b. The Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) is a Federal Government parastatal under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Investment.

Required:
Identify FOUR main objectives of FRCN as defined in the Act establishing the Institution. (2 Marks)

c. The IASB Conceptual Framework states that there are two concepts of capital maintenance.

Required:
Explain the term financial capital maintenance and physical capital maintenance concepts. (3 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q7a – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Identify and explain five qualitative characteristics of General Purpose Financial Statements (GPFS).

The Conceptual Framework states the qualitative characteristics of financial information.

Required:
Identify and explain FIVE qualitative characteristics of General Purpose Financial Statements (GPFS).

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FR – MAY 2021 – L2 – Q5b – Qualitative Characteristics

Distinguish between fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics in financial reporting.

The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting identifies faithful representation as a fundamental qualitative characteristic of useful financial information.

Required:
Distinguish between fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics.
(4 marks)

 

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FR – May 2018 – L2 – Q5a – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Explain the qualitative characteristics of financial statements under IFRS and assess how they make financial information useful

Explain the following qualitative characteristics of financial statements reported under IFRS and assess how they make the information very useful:

i. Relevance
ii. Comparability
iii. Understandability
iv. Faithful Representation

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FA – May 2018 – L1 – SA – Q9 – Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information

Identifies the characteristic that is not considered an enhancing qualitative characteristic of useful financial information.

Which of the following is NOT an enhancing qualitative characteristic of useful financial information?
A. Understandability
B. Relevance
C. Timeliness
D. Comparability
E. Verifiability

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FA – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information

Identifying which option is not an attribute of good accounting information.

The following are attributes of good accounting information EXCEPT:

A. Reliability
B. Consistency
C. Stability
D. Verifiability
E. Faithful representation

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FR – March 2023 – L2 – Q5a – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

This question asks for an explanation of why faithful representation is important in financial reporting.

The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting identifies faithful representation as a fundamental qualitative characteristic of useful financial information.

Required:
Explain why faithful representation is important. (5 marks)

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FA – Mar 2024 – L1 – Q1a – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the qualitative characteristics of financial information, including consistency, completeness, materiality, and going concern.

It is understood that different users require financial information for assistance in their economic decisions. Financial statements need to have certain characteristics or adhere to certain accounting principles in order to be useful to its users.

Required:

In relation to the statement above, write brief notes about the following:
i) Consistency
ii) Completeness
iii) Materiality
iv) Going concern

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FA – Nov 2023 – L1 – Q1a – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the key qualitative characteristics of useful accounting information according to the IASB's Conceptual Framework.

Explain each of the following characteristics of useful accounting information:
i) Relevance (2 marks)
ii) Understandability (2 marks)
iii) Materiality (2 marks)
iv) Completeness (2 marks)
v) Neutrality (2 marks)

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FA – Nov 2019 – L1 – Q1 – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information and post transactions into various ledger accounts.

a) The IASB Conceptual Framework describes the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information.

Required:
State and explain the TWO (2) fundamental qualitative characteristics. (10 marks)

b) Kofi Mensah started a furniture business on January 1, 2018, and undertook the following transactions during the year:

  • On 1/1/18, he paid GH¢150,000 into the business.
  • On 4/1/18, he borrowed GH¢150,000 from Ama.
  • He paid GH¢200,000 on 6/1/18 for one room to be used as a small shop for his furniture business.
  • Kofi Mensah bought furniture costing GH¢80,000 on 8/1/18, which he plans to sell.
  • On 10/1/18, he bought furniture for resale from Kwame for GH¢150,000 agreeing to pay for them within 15 days.
  • Kofi Mensah sold furniture which had cost GH¢60,000 for GH¢90,000 on 12/1/18.
  • Furniture worth GH¢110,000 was sold for GH¢180,000 to AA Ltd on credit on 20/1/18.
  • On 24/1/18 Kwame was paid GH¢90,000.
  • On 28/1/18 AA Ltd paid GH¢80,000 of the amount he owed.

Note: All monies paid and received were through the bank account.

Required:
Post the above transactions to the following ledgers in the books of Kofi Mensah:
i) Bank account (3 marks)
ii) Inventory account (2 marks)
iii) Capital account (1 mark)
iv) Kwame account (2 marks)
v) AA Ltd account (2 marks)

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FA – Nov 2018 – L1 – Q4 – Inventory | The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Explain the going concern concept, value inventory under different conditions, and outline the responsibilities of directors in preparing financial statements.

a) The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting is a set of principles which underpin the foundation of financial accounting. The Conceptual Framework sets out the going concern concept as one of the important underlying assumptions for the preparation of financial statements.

Required:
Explain the going concern concept, illustrating your answer with suitable examples. (5 marks)

b) A trader who trades in computers commences business on 1 January 2018 and buys 100 computers, each costing GH¢3,500. During the year, he sells 80 machines at GH¢5,000 each.

Required:
How should the remaining machines be valued at the end of the year if:
i) He is forced to close down his business at the end of the year and the remaining machines will realize only GH¢2,000 each in a forced sale. (2 marks)
ii) He intends to continue the business into the next year. (2 marks)

c) One of the fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting is ‘faithful representation’.

Required:
Explain what is meant by ‘faithful representation’. (5 marks)

d) Those charged with governance of a company are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements. The board of directors of a company are usually the top management in a Small and Medium Enterprise and are those who are charged with governance of the company. The responsibilities and duties of directors are usually laid down in law and are wide-ranging.

Required:
State THREE (3) responsibilities of directors towards the preparation of financial statements. (6 marks)

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FA – May 2016 – L1 – Q7 – The IASB’s Conceptual Framework

Identify users of financial statements and explain their needs, and discuss qualitative characteristics of financial information.

(a) Identify any FOUR users of financial statements and explain their needs for accounting information. (8 marks)
(b) The conceptual framework of accounting recognizes qualitative characteristics of financial information that is useful for decision-making.

Required:
Identify and explain FOUR qualitative characteristics of financial information recognized by the conceptual framework. (12 marks)

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