Question Tag: Professional Ethics

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

Question

Lamsey Jewelers is a family-owned business specializing in high-end jewellery, located in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The company sources gold from various suppliers in the small-scale mining sector. Recently, the Minerals Commission received anonymous tips suggesting that Lamsey Jewelers may be involved in laundering money through its operations. Authorities suspect that the business could be used to conceal the origins of illicit funds through gold purchases and sales.

To investigate these suspicions, regulatory authorities have appointed Baba Yara and Associates, an independent auditing firm, to conduct a thorough review of Lamsey Jewelers’ operations and financial transactions. During the audit, Baba Yara and Associates discovered that Lamsey Jewelers has been accepting large cash payments for custom jewellery orders without conducting proper due diligence on the customers. Several transactions involving cash payments exceed typical retail amounts, raising suspicions of potential money laundering.

Required:

i) Discuss the key legal and regulatory requirements in Ghana related to anti-money laundering relevant to Lamsey Jewelers.

ii) Discuss the obligations placed on professional firms such as Baba Yara and Associates in relation to money laundering.

Answer

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Tags: Anti-Money Laundering, Audit Procedures, Compliance, Due diligence, Financial Crimes, Professional Ethics, Regulatory Framework, Risk Assessment
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Framework and Audit Responsibilities
Series: Nov 2024

AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Engagement Letter Contents

Explains the key contents of an audit engagement letter, highlighting the responsibilities and scope of an audit.

Question

A firm or individual having accepted an appointment as an auditor of a client company shall submit an engagement letter to the board of directors of the client company. The engagement letter can be seen as the basis for the contract between the company and the auditor.

Required:
In relation to the above statement, state and explain FIVE contents of the engagement letter.

Answer

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Tags: Audit Contract, Audit Scope, Auditor Responsibilities, Client Expectations, Engagement letter, IAASB, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional and Ethical Considerations
Series: Nov 2024

AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Analyze forensic accounting, discuss ethical principles, and outline procedures for Ayeniromo Microfinance Bank forensic investigation.

Question

Ayeniromo Microfinance Bank Limited has been operating for more than five years in Ekemode Local Government area of a state in Nigeria. The bank opened three cash centres in three locations in the local government area in 2013.

Business activities have been very encouraging in one of the cash centres until a sudden change in activities in 2016. This resulted in the negative performance of the cash centre. The managing director thereafter decided to investigate the causes of the problems in the cash centre.

An interim report of the preliminary investigation on the cash centre identified infractions on cash takings from customers by some staff of the cash centre during the year 2016.

The managing director and the board decided to engage your firm as forensic accountants with the following terms of reference:

Investigate whether fraud has actually occurred and if so, to obtain evidence to support that assertion in a court of law.
Identify the individual(s) who has/have committed the fraud and obtain evidence that can be used in a court of law to link them with the fraud.
Estimate the financial loss that has occurred because of the fraud.

You are required to:
a. Discuss the concept of forensic accounting and explain the nature of forensic investigation and forensic audit. (10 Marks)
b. Analyse and apply the FIVE fundamental principles of the IFAC’s Code of Ethics for professional accountants to forensic investigation. (10 Marks)
c. Explain the procedures to be followed in a forensic investigation engagement for Ayeniromo Microfinance Bank Limited. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Forensic Accounting, Fraud investigation, Investigation procedures, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 3

Topic: Forensic Auditing

AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Discussion of ethical issues and professional challenges in the audit of Blackmart Plc, and recommendations for addressing them.

Question

Blackmart Plc is one of your listed audit clients which offers property management, property financing, and mortgage services to its clients. During the audit of the company, the following matters came to your attention:

(i) Grace Sadiku, one of the audit team members, has provisionally agreed to take out a mortgage facility with a duration of 10 years using the facility of Blackmart Plc to finance her first residential property. In the area where the property is located, the first residential property gets a full tax waiver on the entire installments paid within the first 5 years, which is usually a significant tax incentive. The mortgage facility would be secured by the property and it has been defined as the best offer available in the market.

(ii) Also, during the period, the Human Resources (HR) Manager of Blackmart Plc resigned, and the company had reached out to your firm to provide a staff on secondment till a substantive HR Manager is appointed.

(iii) The management of Blackmart has also informed your audit team that the company maintains only two bank accounts and there will be no need to circularise the banks as the auditors can rely on the balances as generated from the bank’s portal as at the end of the year.

(iv) The audit committee has asked your firm to work with the internal audit team to design internal controls over the part of the accounting system which deals with revenue, and also evaluate the operating effectiveness of the internal controls.

Required:
Prepare a memo to your Manager, commenting on the professional and ethical issues arising from the audit of Blackmart Plc and also suggest to him/her on how to manage the identified issues. (15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Behavior, Bank Circularisation, Independence, Internal Control, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

Discuss criminal charges against accountants, reasons auditors prefer out-of-court settlements, and the disadvantages of such settlements.

Question

Auditors’ liabilities may arise under common law and statute. Statutory liability may be civil or criminal. Professional accountants are increasingly guiding against incidences of litigation that may impact negatively on their work.

You are required to:

(a) Outline SIX ways through which accountants may be charged for criminal offenses. (6 Marks)

(b) Explain SIX reasons why auditors are willing to settle legal matters with their clients out of court. (6 Marks)

(c) State THREE disadvantages of an out-of-court settlement. (3 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor Liability, criminal offenses, legal considerations, Litigation, Out of Court Settlement, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 3

Topic: Auditor’s Legal Liability
Series: MAY 2013

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q19 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identify the term for codified moral rules and regulations guiding professional behavior.

Question

The codified rules and regulations which are mainly based on moral duties and obligations on how professionals should carry out their duties and how to behave in the society are known as……………….

Answer

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Tags: Code of Conduct, Morals, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: NOV 2013

CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7a – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Discuss unethical organizational acts and recommend the actions the Chief Accountant should take in a scenario of misrepresentation in financial reporting.

Question

Femmy PLC operates in a city where a major insurance company has just announced a restructuring that will lay off 4,000 employees. For Femmy PLC, accounts receivable represents one of the major assets of the company. Although the company’s annual uncollectible accounts are not out of line, they are material in size. The company is about to submit its application for a bank loan. Sales and net income have declined in the past year, and some customers are falling behind in settling their accounts.

A steady financial performance is necessary to be able to secure the anticipated bank loan. Therefore, management felt there is the need to underestimate the uncollectible accounts this year to show a small growth in earnings. They believe that future successful years will average out the losses.

More so, since the company has a history of success, the adjustments are seen as mere accounting measures and estimates. The Chief Accountant viewed management’s action as unethical.

Required:
i. Discuss the meaning of unethical acts by organizations. (5 Marks)
ii. What should the Chief Accountant do under this circumstance? (5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Earnings Management, Financial Reporting Ethics, Professional Ethics, Unethical Accounting Practices
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

AAA – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Evaluate ICAN requirements on advertising for competing firms and discuss the tendering process, including the concept of "low balling."

Question

Yeye Oge Limited has decided to change its auditors after the current year’s audit. The present auditor has served for a number of years, and there is a mutual agreement on the change. The relationship between the company’s key officials and the partner of the present audit firm had become so cordial that both parties are now concerned about a potential deviation from a professional relationship, hence the mutual agreement for the change of auditors.

You work for the present audit firm, and your partner involved in this case has been asked to participate in the selection of a new audit firm for this client. Both the Chief Executive of the company and your partner have agreed to follow due processes in selecting the new auditor. To ensure proper understanding, certain background processes required for professional selection need to be provided to the chief executive of the company.

Required:

a. Evaluate the requirements of the Institute on advertising and publicity that need to be focused on while considering the competing firms. (5 Marks)

b. Discuss the approved tendering process and evaluation of tenders as a guide, giving proper meaning to the term “Low balling.” (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Advertising and publicity, Audit firm evaluation, Auditor selection, Low-balling, Professional Ethics, Tendering process
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q14 – Regulatory Investigations and Disciplinary Actions

Identifies a sanction not applicable for ICAN members' misconduct.

Question

Which ONE of the following sanctions may NOT be imposed by The Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria on its members for misconduct?

A. Reprimand
B. Suspension from membership
C. Expulsion from membership
D. Sealing off practice office
E. Payment of costs

Answer

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Tags: Disciplinary Actions, ICAN, Member Misconduct, Professional Ethics, Sanctions
Level: Level 3

Topic: Regulatory Investigations and Disciplinary Actions
Series: NOV 2011

AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Educate staff on IFAC’s Code of Ethics principles, types of independence, and general sources of ethical threats in accounting.

Question

You are the HR partner in Ekemode & Company (Chartered Accountants). As part of the continuous training program of your firm, you are to organize an in-house seminar to educate the staff of your firm on Rules of Professional Conduct. You have decided to emphasize the IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants published by the International Ethics Standard Board for Accountants (IESBA), which was recently adopted by ICAN into their localized code called “The Professional Code of Conduct and Guide for Members.”

Required:

a. Explain briefly the FIVE fundamental principles of the IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (7½ Marks)

b. Explain independence of mind and independence of appearance to the staff. (5 Marks)

c. Explain briefly THREE general sources of threat to the fundamental principles of the IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. (7½ Marks)

(Total 20 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Ethical Threats, Fundamental Principles, ICAN Code, IESBA, IFAC Code of Ethics, Independence, Professional Conduct, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 3

Topic: Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: MAY 2018

AA – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

This question addresses the ethical issues auditors face when accepting clients and engagements, focusing on independence and professional conduct.

Question

Audit practice around the world is generally a business, and its objective is to make profit. However, this does not mean that the practice should automatically accept every audit engagement that is offered to it to maximise profit. Circumstances may arise where it is appropriate to decline the offer of an audit engagement for either commercial or ethical reasons.

Required:
a. Discuss the ethical issues to be considered by an independent auditor in the following matters:
i. Client Acceptance
ii. Engagement Acceptance
(5 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Auditor's Liability, Client Acceptance, Engagement Acceptance, Ethical Standards, Independence, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors
Series: NOV 2016

AA – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3 – Assurance Services

Explain the concept of auditor independence and its importance.

Question

Adetutu Company Limited obtained a loan from a bank in the previous year. The bank has requested an independent review of the company’s compliance with the loan covenants, hence, the Finance Controller has contacted your partner and asked that your firm carry out this assurance engagement.

Required:
a. Discuss the elements of an assurance engagement. (10 Marks)
b. Explain the different levels of assurance. (4 Marks)
c. Explain the categories of threats to the professional ethics of an auditor. (6 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Assurance Engagement, Ethical Threats, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Assurance services, Ethical Issues in Auditing
Series: NOV 2020

MGE – May 2018 – L2 – Q3a – Ethics in Business

Explores the quality of professionalism required for accountants and the purpose of corporate code of ethics.

Question

There is an increasing demand for professional accountants to pay close attention to ethical standards as they carry out their professional duties. This requires, among other considerations, that accountants act professionally and in the public interest. They are also expected to abide by the code of ethics of their profession and the corporate code of ethics of the organizations in which they work.

i. As an Accountant, explain the quality of professionalism you need to exhibit in the discharge of your duties. (6 Marks)

ii. Discuss the nature and purpose of a corporate code of ethics. (9 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Corporate Code of Ethics, Professional competence, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Ethics in Business
Series: MAY 2018

BMF – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q13 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Multiple choice question on matters not typically associated with public interest in accountancy.

Question

It is usual for accountants to associate public interest with the following matters EXCEPT

A. Detecting and reporting any serious misdemeanour or crime
B. Protecting health and public safety
C. Preventing the public from being misled by a statement or action of an individual or an organisation
D. Protecting health and personal safety
E. Revealing the existence of any conflict of interests of those individuals who are in a position of power or influence

Answer

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Tags: Accountancy, Professional Ethics, Public Interest
Level: Level 1

Topic: The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society
Series: MAY 2016

CSME – Mar/July 2020 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Absolutism vs Relativism in Accounting

Distinguish between ethical absolutism and ethical relativism and identify types of ethical relativism.

Question

b. An adequate understanding of basic concepts and theories of ethics is a prerequisite for the evolution of the skills needed to address ethical issues that could arise while carrying out your duty as a professional accountant. Distinguish between ethical absolutism and ethical relativism. Also, identify THREE types of ethical relativism. (10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Business Ethics, Ethical Absolutism, Ethical Relativism, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Ethics in Business, Professional Ethics
Series: MAR/JULY 2020

BL – Nov 2021 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Agency Law

Determining consequences of a breach of ethical codes for professionals.

Question

The consequence of a professional committing a crime could be a jail term. What is the consequence for a professional who commits a breach of ethical codes?
A. A fine payable to court
B. Withdrawal of professional licence
C. A suspended jail term
D. A fine payable to the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria
E. Reference to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission for investigation

Answer

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Tags: Legal Penalties, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 1

Topic: Agency Law
Series: NOV 2021

CSME – Mar/Jul 2020 – L2 – Q6 – Board Diversity Categories and Benefits

Explain the four essential models for the professional accountant-client relationship with examples.

Question

There are several models (out of which FOUR are more essential) for a professional accountant–client relationship which differ in the extent to which the client or the professional has authority and responsibility.

Required:
Explain the FOUR essential models for a professional accountant–client relationship with examples. (Total 20 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Client Relationships, Models, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 2

Topic: Client Relationships, Professional Ethics
Series: MAR/JULY 2020

BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q15 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the process where an accountant reports suspicions of illegal behavior.

Question

The process by which a professional accountant reports suspicions of illegal or improper behaviour to a person in authority is

A. Due care
B. Surveillance
C. Strategic alert
D. Professionalism
E. Whistleblowing

Answer

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Tags: Professional Ethics, Reporting Improper Conduct, Whistleblowing
Level: Level 1

Topic: The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society
Series: NOV 2023

BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q14 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the accounting concept that ensures professional judgment is not affected by conflict of interest.

Question

Which of the following best describes the concept that an accountant must NOT allow his professional or business judgment to be affected by conflict of interest?

A. Due care
B. Objectivity
C. Professional competence
D. Confidentiality
E. Integrity

Answer

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Tags: Conflict of Interest, Objectivity, Professional Ethics
Level: Level 1

Topic: The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society
Series: NOV 2023

AA – Mar/Jul 2020 – L2 – Q1 – Small Company Qualification

Explanation of the audit requirements and exemptions for small companies, including the benefits and limitations of audits, eligibility for external auditors, and audit planning and risk assessment procedures.

Question

Mr. Ajibade, a businessman based in the South West region of Nigeria intends to start a new company. The new company, when formed, will focus solely on the production of face masks and alcohol-based hand sanitisers which are needed to prevent the spread of the novel corona virus. This has been incorporated into the draft Memorandum of Association to be submitted to the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).

Mr. Ajibade has heard of section 377 of Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) Cap C20 LFN 2004, which offers exemption from an audit if a company qualifies as a small company as per section 351 of the Act. He thinks that when he starts a small company, he will therefore be exempted from statutory audit and so save cost.

Mr. Ajibade has a growth plan for his prospective company. He has also heard that if the company is to grow bigger in the future, he will require more funding in the form of loans from banks and other financial institutions. The banks will require audited financial statements as a prerequisite to granting his company loan facilities. He is therefore, curious to know more about the importance of audited financial statements.
He has approached you for advice.

Required:
a. What qualifies a company as a small company according to CAMA.
(6 Marks)
b. The benefits and limitations of an audit.
(9 Marks)
c. The eligibility for qualification as external auditor.
(6 Marks)
d. The scope of a statutory audit.
(4 Marks)
e. According to ISA 300: Planning an Audit of Financial Statements, the objective of the auditor is to plan the audit work so that the audit will be performed in an effective manner.
Required:
Explain the benefits of adequate planning of the audit.
(5 Marks)
f. Explain THREE risk assessment procedures required by ISA 315: Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment.
(10 Marks)

Answer

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Tags: Audit Benefits, Audit Exemptions, Audit Requirements, Professional Ethics, Risk Assessment Procedures, Small Companies
Level: Level 2

Question Tag: Professional Ethics

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Engagement Letter Contents

Explains the key contents of an audit engagement letter, highlighting the responsibilities and scope of an audit.

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AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q1 – Forensic Auditing

Analyze forensic accounting, discuss ethical principles, and outline procedures for Ayeniromo Microfinance Bank forensic investigation.

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AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Discussion of ethical issues and professional challenges in the audit of Blackmart Plc, and recommendations for addressing them.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q6 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

Discuss criminal charges against accountants, reasons auditors prefer out-of-court settlements, and the disadvantages of such settlements.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q19 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identify the term for codified moral rules and regulations guiding professional behavior.

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CR – May 2021 – L3 – Q7a – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Discuss unethical organizational acts and recommend the actions the Chief Accountant should take in a scenario of misrepresentation in financial reporting.

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AAA – Nov 2021 – L3 – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Evaluate ICAN requirements on advertising for competing firms and discuss the tendering process, including the concept of "low balling."

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AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SA – Q14 – Regulatory Investigations and Disciplinary Actions

Identifies a sanction not applicable for ICAN members' misconduct.

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AAA – May 2018 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Educate staff on IFAC’s Code of Ethics principles, types of independence, and general sources of ethical threats in accounting.

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AA – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors (IESBA Code)

This question addresses the ethical issues auditors face when accepting clients and engagements, focusing on independence and professional conduct.

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AA – Nov 2020 – L2 – Q3 – Assurance Services

Explain the concept of auditor independence and its importance.

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MGE – May 2018 – L2 – Q3a – Ethics in Business

Explores the quality of professionalism required for accountants and the purpose of corporate code of ethics.

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BMF – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q13 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Multiple choice question on matters not typically associated with public interest in accountancy.

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CSME – Mar/July 2020 – L2 – Q2b – Ethical Absolutism vs Relativism in Accounting

Distinguish between ethical absolutism and ethical relativism and identify types of ethical relativism.

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BL – Nov 2021 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Agency Law

Determining consequences of a breach of ethical codes for professionals.

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CSME – Mar/Jul 2020 – L2 – Q6 – Board Diversity Categories and Benefits

Explain the four essential models for the professional accountant-client relationship with examples.

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q15 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the process where an accountant reports suspicions of illegal behavior.

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BMF – Nov 2023 – L1 – SA – Q14 – The Role of Professional Accountants in Business and Society

Identify the accounting concept that ensures professional judgment is not affected by conflict of interest.

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AA – Mar/Jul 2020 – L2 – Q1 – Small Company Qualification

Explanation of the audit requirements and exemptions for small companies, including the benefits and limitations of audits, eligibility for external auditors, and audit planning and risk assessment procedures.

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