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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q6 – Audit Reporting

Discuss audit work and written representation letter for legal claims, outstanding balances, and investments.

Bob Removals Limited is a removals company. In the year ended December 31, 2015, the company made a trading profit of N800,000. You are the manager in charge of the audit.
The following issues have arisen:

(i) A customer is suing the company for N1 million for damage caused to antique furniture. The company is defending the claim and believes that the furniture was a reproduction as opposed to antique and therefore worth only N100,000.
(ii) A balance due from Safe Storage in respect of sub-contract work, of N300,000, has been outstanding for over six months. Your firm has been asked by Bob Removals’ accountant not to write to Safe Storage for direct confirmation of this amount as the latter company objects to such letters. You have been assured by the accountant that the relationship between the two companies is good and that the outstanding balance will be paid.
(iii) Bob Removals has recently invested in four new removal vans and is currently carrying out extensive refurbishment of its premises. As a result of this expenditure, the company has reached its overdraft limit of N500,000.

Required:

For each of the above issues:
a. State, with reasons, the audit work that you would expect to find when undertaking your review of the audit working papers for the year ended December 31, 2015.
b. Draft the relevant sections dealing with these issues of the written representation letter you would wish the directors to sign.

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  • 5 Marks

ATAX – May 2017 – L3 – Q4a – Tax Incentives and Reliefs

List five incentives provided by the Federal Government of Nigeria to attract investors to the solid minerals sector.

Oil and Gas are major sources of revenue for the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN). This has become a burden to the government due to its inability to control the volume of production and price. To ameliorate this burden, the FGN is seeking alternative sources of revenue, and solid minerals have been identified.

Required:
State FIVE incentives put in place by the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) to attract potential investors to the solid minerals sector. (5 Marks)

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  • 10 Marks

ATAX – May 2019 – L3 – Q7a – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Provide a report on fiscal incentives in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector, including gas production, exploitation of associated gas, and free trade zone investments.

The Federal Government of Nigeria, in the third quarter of 2018, announced the discovery of a huge hydro-carbon deposit in the Chad Basin area of Borno State. This information has attracted interest from local and foreign investors in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. One such foreign investor is a Japanese billionaire, Mr. Sun Nagasaki, who has investments in oil and gas operations in the Middle East and Latin America.

Mr. Nagasaki is, however, not familiar with the regulations guiding operations and the incentives available to investors in the oil and gas sub-sector in Nigeria. You have been appointed as a tax consultant by Mr. Nagasaki’s representative in Nigeria.

Required:
a. Draft a report addressed to Mr. Nagasaki explaining the following issues of interest:

i. Fiscal incentives available in the gas production phase (2 Marks)
ii. Six incentives for the encouragement of exploitation and utilization of associated gas for commercial purposes (downstream operations) (3 Marks)
iii. Six incentives and fiscal measures that favour and encourage large investment in oil and gas free trade zones (4 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

BMF – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q15 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Identify why banks are considered important financial intermediaries.

Banks are important financial intermediaries because they:
A. Create new debt
B. Are the only source of debt finance
C. Are the only source of long-term finance
D. Operate between investors and borrowers
E. Take deposits from all their customers

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  • 1 Marks

BMF – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q8 – Basics of Business Finance and Financial Markets

Calculate the compound interest earned on a deposit over 11 years at 6.50%, compounded quarterly.

What is the amount of interest earned by a deposit of N414,000 for 11 years at 6.50% compounded quarterly?
A. N427,455
B. N427,467
C. N437,455
D. N437,467
E. N447,467

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  • 10 Marks

QTB – May 2016 – L1 – SB – Q2a – Mathematics

This question requires calculating the compound interest rate using logarithms.

A barber invests N100,000 for 5 years. At the end of the investment period, he receives a cash transfer of N120,600 as final settlement of the investment.

Required:
Use logarithm (to base 10) to determine the compound interest rate on the investment.

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  • 5 Marks

QTB – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q3b – Mathematics

This question involves expressing the interest rate in terms of future value and principal investment for a 3-year investment.

Mr. Taiwo invested a certain amount of money P, at an annual interest rate r, for a period
of 3 years. The future value of this investment is given by

Express r in terms of S and P

 

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  • 1 Marks

BF – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Investment Decisions

Identifying the correct formula for calculating Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment.

The formula for calculating Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment is:
A. Σₜ=₁ⁿ [(Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ)] – C₀
B. Σₜ=₀ⁿ [(Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ)] – C₀
C. Σₜ=₀ⁿ [(C₀ / (1 + r)ᵗ)] – C₀
D. Σₜ=₁ⁿ [(C₀ / (1 + r)ᵗ)] – C₀
E. Σₜ=₁ⁿ [(Cₜ / (1 + r)ᵗ)] + C₀

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2020 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Phato Ltd and its subsidiaries as at 30 September 2019, including relevant calculations for goodwill, non-controlling interest, and asset impairments.

Phato Ltd, is a Public Limited Liability Company which operates in the service sector in Ghana. Phato Ltd has a business relationship with two other Ghanaian companies, Sakara Ltd and Saadi Ltd, which are public limited liability companies too. The draft statements of financial position of these three companies are as below as at 30 September 2019.

Phato Ltd GH¢ million Sakara Ltd GH¢ million Saadi Ltd GH¢ million
Assets:
Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment 460.0 150.0
Investment in subsidiaries
Sakara Ltd 365.0
Saadi Ltd 160.0
Investment in Azuri Ltd 24.0
Intangible assets 99.0 15.0
Total Non-current assets 948.0 325.0
Current assets 447.5 240.0
Total assets 1,395.5 565.0
Equity and liabilities:
Equity:
Share capital 460.0 200.0
Other components of equity 36.5 18.5
Retained earnings 447.5 221.0
Total equity 944.0 439.5
Non-current liabilities 247.5 61.5
Current liabilities 204.0 64.0
Total liabilities 451.5 125.5
Total equity and liabilities 1,395.5 565.0

Additional relevant information:

  1. Phato Ltd, on 1 October 2017, acquired 60% of the equity interests of Sakara Ltd. The cost of the investment comprised cash of GH¢360 million. At acquisition, the fair value of the non-controlling interest in Sakara Ltd was estimated at GH¢146 million. The fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired totaled GH¢417.5 million, including retained earnings of GH¢159.5 million and other components of equity at GH¢13.5 million. The excess in fair value results from non-depreciable land.
  2. Sakara Ltd, on 1 October 2018, acquired 70% of Saadi Ltd for GH¢160 million. The fair value of non-controlling interest was estimated at GH¢36 million. The fair value of the identifiable net assets of Saadi Ltd at acquisition was GH¢181 million, retained earnings GH¢53 million, and other components of equity GH¢10 million.
  3. Phato Ltd acquired a 14% interest in Azuri Ltd for GH¢9 million on 1 October 2017. On 1 April 2019, Phato Ltd acquired an additional 16% interest in Azuri Ltd for GH¢13.5 million, achieving significant influence.
  4. Phato Ltd purchased patents for GH¢5 million and incurred other development costs for product development.
  5. Impairment tests were conducted on Sakara Ltd and Saadi Ltd.

Required:
Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for the Phato Ltd Group as at 30 September 2019.

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  • 6 Marks

BL – Nov 2013 – L1 – SB – Q6c – Law of Trusts

Listing three types of authorized securities under the Trustee Investments Act.

Ade is a Trustee of the Estate of late Konga. Konga’s Will empowered the Trustees of his Estate to invest in securities authorized by the Trustee Investments Act.

You are required to:
State THREE of such authorized securities, without stating the limit of the investment. (6 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

CR – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q2e – 17 Financial instruments: Recognition and measurement Corporate reporting

Advise on the accounting treatment for an investment bond not held to maturity under IFRS 9.

DanKay Ltd bought a ten-year bond on 1 August 2016 at a cost of GH¢45 million. The bond carries an interest coupon of GH¢5 million paid annually in arrears, and its effective yield to maturity was 12% at the date of purchase. DanKay Ltd is holding the bond as a speculative investment, expecting its value to increase, and hopes to sell the bond at a profit in the short to medium term. On 31 July 2017, its reporting date, the fair value of the bond had declined to GH¢43 million. The interest payment was received as scheduled.

Required:
Advise DanKay Ltd on the treatment of the above in the financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2017 in accordance with IFRS 9: Financial Instruments.

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  • 10 Marks

AT – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2b – Tax planning

Tax implications for a Singaporean investor looking to establish shoe or juice manufacturing companies in Ghana.

Following the government’s commitment to build one factory in each district in Ghana and its desire to ensure food sufficiency through the planting for food and jobs program, an investor from Singapore intends to invest in a shoe manufacturing company to be located at Accra in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. He also considers starting a juice manufacturing company at Nsawam in the Eastern Region of Ghana in response to the investment drive of the government.

As part of the investment, he intends to incur the following cost and start operations in 2018 on either proposal, which is the shoe manufacturing company or the juice manufacturing company.

Description Amount (GH¢)
Building 7,200,000
Plant and Machinery 11,700,000
Furniture and Fittings 180,000
Computers 180,000

Additionally, he intends to recruit fresh graduates from the All Nations University College of Ghana. It is further projected that in the first three years, 2018, 2019, and 2020, it will incur GH¢36,000, GH¢32,400, and GH¢18,000 losses, respectively. The investor hopes to start making profit from the year 2021. He intends to borrow at 20% interest from his USA associate, amounting to the equivalent of GH¢100,000,000. The equity he intends to start with is GH¢36,000,000.

Required: As a tax adviser, evaluate the proposed investment by the Singaporean investor and the tax implication on the various activities highlighted in the scenario.

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  • 10 Marks

AT – Nov 2020 – L3 – Q2a – Tax planning

A presentation on five objectives of international taxation treaties.

You are a partner in a Tax Consulting firm. Your firm has recently employed 5 new staff and they have to be trained on a number of issues.

Required:
Prepare a presentation on international taxation with emphasis on FIVE (5) objectives or goals of international taxation treaties.

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  • 10 Marks

AT – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q3a – Business income – Corporate income tax, Tax planning

Evaluating the tax implications of an ICT hardware manufacturing business versus a mango plantation investment.

Following the government’s commitment to build one factory in each district in Ghana, an investor from Mauritius intends to invest in an ICT-Hardware manufacturing company to be located at Nsawam in the Eastern region of Ghana or start a mango plantation company at Aburi in the Eastern region of Ghana in response to the government’s investment drive.

As part of the investment, he intends to incur the following costs and start operations in 2018 on either proposal (ICT Hardware or Mango plantation):

Item Cost (GH¢)
Building 4,000,000
Plant and Machinery 6,500,000
Furniture and Fittings 100,000
Computers 100,000

Additionally, he intends to recruit fresh graduates from the Islamic University College of Ghana. It is further projected that in the first 3 years (2018, 2019, and 2020), the business will make losses as follows:

  • Year 2018: (GH¢20,000)
  • Year 2019: (GH¢18,000)
  • Year 2020: (GH¢10,000)

The investor hopes to start making profits from 2021 and intends to borrow a loan at 20% interest from his USA associate, amounting to the equivalent of GH¢80,000,000. The equity he intends to start with is GH¢20,000,000.

Required:
As a tax adviser, evaluate the proposed investment by the Mauritius investor and the tax implication on the various activities highlighted in the scenario.

(10 marks)

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  • 4 Marks

BCL – July 2023 – L1 – Q5a – Types of Capital and the Financing of Companies

Explain the concepts of bonds and debentures as investment vehicles.

Yao Tsito has been paid his end of service benefit after retiring. He plans to invest the benefits in bonds and debentures.

Required:

Explain the following:

  • Bond (2 marks)
  • Debenture (2 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

FM – NOV 2021 – L2 – Q3 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Computation of future value of deposits under different scenarios, currency risk hedging strategy, and explanation of swap contracts.

a) You are the assistant to the Finance Manager of Kunta Medical Centre. Your boss is negotiating a deal with an investment company investing GH¢500,000 over 3 years. The main terms of the proposed investment deal are that if the amount is deposited now and invested continuously for 3 years, it would attract an 18% annual interest rate with quarterly compounding. However, if the initial deposit of GH¢500,000 is maintained and additional deposits of GH¢50,000 each are made at the beginning of year 2 and year 3, the deposits would attract 18.0% annual interest in year 1, 18.5% in year 2, and 19% in year 3, all with quarterly compounding.

Your boss has asked you to do some computations to inform her about the growth of the deposits based on the terms of the proposed deal.

Required:
i) Suppose GH¢500,000 is deposited now, and there are no top-up deposits in the future; Compute the future value of the deposit at the end of the third year. (3 marks)

ii) Suppose the initial deposit of GH¢500,000 is made now, and the top-up deposits of GH¢50,000 each are made in the future per the terms of the proposed investment deal;

  • Compute the future value of the initial deposit at the end of the third year. (3 marks)
  • Compute the aggregate future value of the top-up deposits at the end of the third year. (3 marks)
  • Compute the aggregate future value of all the deposits at the end of the third year. (1 mark)

b) Sesamu Dried Fruits Ltd is a fruits processing company in Ghana. The company has exported raw mangoes to a distributor in Japan. The invoice value of JP¥20 million is to be collected in three months. The exchange rate between the Ghanaian cedi (GH¢) and the Japanese yen (JP¥) is currently GH¢0.0584/JP¥1. It is expected that the Ghana cedi may appreciate against the JP¥ in the coming months.

Required:
Using the leading and lagging strategy for hedging currency risk exposure, is it advisable for the company to lag the collection of the JP¥ invoice value? (5 marks)

c) COVID-19 has led to volatility in the international money market. Although international business has seen some improvement, progress has been very slow. As a result, the risk of losing part of an investment due to exchange rate and currency value fluctuations are very high.

Required:
Explain how Interest Rate Swap and Currency Swap can be used to mitigate the effects of market volatility. (5 marks)

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  • 3 Marks

FM – NOV 2015 – L2 – Q4c – Financial markets

State key assumptions of the Random Walk Theory in financial markets.

State TWO (2) key assumptions of the Random Walk Theory. (3 marks)

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