Question Tag: Fraud Detection

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  • 5 Marks

PT- Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5d – Data Analytics in Taxation

Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion and provide examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

GRA’s use of data analytics has become increasingly important in identifying tax evasion and improving compliance.

Required:
i) Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion. 
ii) Provide TWO examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII -Q8 – Forensic Auditing

Explores the components of forensic accounting, including investigative aspects.

Forensic accounting encompasses both …………… and investigative accounting.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q17 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying inappropriate actions for material fraud detected in a banking audit.

Which of the following actions is inappropriate to a material fraud detected during an audit of a banking institution?

A. Discuss the matter with at least one level of management above the perpetrators
B. Obtain further evidence
C. Mention it in the audit report
D. Suggest that the client consults with legal counsel about questions of law
E. Report the matter directly to the police

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q12 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying examples unrelated to revenue-related fraud.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Revenue Related Fraud?

A. Accounting and documentary
B. Lifestyle of employees
C. Related party transactions
D. Management override of significant internal control activities
E. Sale of assets that is very similar to subsequent purchases at similar amounts

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles

Evaluate the steps for identifying and responding to fraud risk during audit planning.

Fela Idaewor is the auditor for Matty Co. Ltd, a rapidly expanding retail business based in Lekki. This is her first year as the audit manager. During her engagement planning, she observed multiple risk factors, such as the company’s strong interest in maintaining earnings and share prices, unrealistic financial forecasts, and high reliance on debt financing for expansion. Additionally, there were strong indications that fraud might have been committed by top management.

Required
(a) What should Idaewor do about the possibility of fraud at the planning stage? (7 Marks)
(b) What documentation is required for identifying risk factors? (5 Marks)
(c) If Idaewor has evidence suggesting fraud, what are her communication responsibilities to management? (3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss auditor responsibility for fraud detection, strategies for closing the expectation gap, differences between review and audit reports, and required reporting for managing fraud.

Demmy Global Limited, a growth-oriented company controlled by its Managing Director, Mr. Longe, sells mobile smartphones through sales agents on a commission basis. Phones are supplied on a sale or return basis, with sales recognized upon receipt by agents. The company’s growth appears rapid due to fraudulent practices by Mr. Longe, including:

  1. Fictitious agents responsible for 25% of revenue.
  2. Year-end dispatch of inventories to agents with post-year-end returns recorded as repurchases.
  3. Capitalization of 20% of cost of sales by falsifying purchase invoices with suppliers.
  4. Director bonuses linked to profits, encouraging uncritical acceptance of rapid growth.

The fraud was concealed by falsified records, bribery, and restrictions on auditor access to corroborate sales and verify contracts.

The external auditor is now sued by a bank that granted a loan to Demmy Global Limited based on interim financial statements reviewed by the auditor, for which a review report was issued.

Required:

  1. Discuss the extent to which an auditor is responsible for detecting fraud and error, and the external auditor’s procedure where fraud or error is suspected. (7 Marks)
  2. Advise the auditor on strategies to close the expectation gap. (5 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ‘review report’ issued by the auditor on the interim financial statements differs in terms of its level of assurance from the auditor’s report on the year-end financial statements. (2 Marks)
  4. Evaluate the circumstance and nature of the reports that would have been necessary for the auditor based on the activities of the Managing Director. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discuss reasons for outsourcing internal audit, advantages/disadvantages, and functions that cannot be outsourced.

The Internal Audit Unit of Oluvia Bank Limited has been accused of collusion with staff in committing monumental fraud. The following types of fraud were found to be common:

  • Cheque suppression
  • Fraudulent bookkeeping to overstate income
  • Inflation of the worth of the company’s assets
  • Intercepting replaced customers’ cards
  • Fraudsters impersonating Senior Managers or Chief Executive Officer
  • Online banking fraud, such as phishing, malware attacks, and clone websites
  • Impersonating the owner of an account or using fake documents to open an account under someone else’s name (no proper Know Your Customer conducted)

The bank examiners came and were surprised at the level of fraud in the bank and requested management to address it urgently.

After the supervisory visit, the board of directors discussed the issue with the bank’s external auditors, who suggested that the bank could outsource the internal audit functions. The Board of Directors found this suggestion favorable and mandated the Managing Director to act swiftly and report back with details at the next board meeting.

Required:

a. Discuss the main reasons for outsourcing internal audit functions. (3 Marks)

b. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. (10 Marks)

c. Discuss which part of the internal audit function cannot be outsourced. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Complex Entities

Evaluate auditors' responsibilities in fraud detection, financial misreporting, and appropriate audit procedures to mitigate misstatements.

The Financial Controller (FC) of Poki Limited made an observation on the draft engagement letter sent by the external auditors to the company, an extract of which is as stated below:

“The responsibility for safeguarding the assets of the company and for the prevention and detection of fraud, error, and non-compliance with laws or regulations rests with the company’s directors. In accordance with auditing standards, we shall endeavor to plan our audit so that we have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements in the financial statements or accounting records (including any material misstatements resulting from fraud, error, or non-compliance with laws or regulations). However, because any internal control structure, no matter how effective, cannot eliminate the possibility that errors or irregularities may occur and remain undetected and because we use selective testing in our audit, we cannot guarantee that errors or irregularities, if present, will be detected. Accordingly, our audit should not be relied upon to disclose all such material misstatements or frauds, errors, or instances of non-compliance as may exist. The best safeguard against irregularities and fraud is a sound system of internal control.”

The FC accused the auditors of running away from their responsibilities of exposing to the owners of the company fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. To him, what is the purpose of audit when fraud and errors could not be discovered? He has threatened to discuss with the Board of Directors and insists that the engagement letter will not be signed until those sections are removed. You are a senior member of the audit team.

Required:

a. Outline the objectives of auditors in relation to fraud. (6 Marks)

b. Explain fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. (7 Marks)

c. State the procedures auditors should perform to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud. (7 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2017 – L3 – Q4 – Risk Management in Audits

Assess audit risks in taking on Pony Bank Plc, recommend management and audit firm actions to address financial statement risks, and draft a management letter.

The management of Pony Bank Plc and its wholly owned subsidiary, Ponte Micro Finance Bank Limited, engaged in fraudulent activities involving the arrangement of bogus loans amounting to ₦5.5 billion in worthless assets, which were undetected by the previous auditors. The former auditors attributed the oversight to a well-organized group within Pony Bank that actively deceived and obstructed the audit process to conceal their actions.

Your firm, Vic Viv & Co, has recently taken on the audit of Pony Bank Plc.

Requirements:
a. Advise the engagement partner on the risks involved in taking up the audit.

(4 Marks)
b. Recommend appropriate actions for management and your firm to address financial statement risks.

(8 Marks)
c. Prepare a management letter with two matters suitable for submission to the directors.

(8 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Public Sector Audit

Explanation of financial fraud types and calculation of revenue loss within EFCC operations.

Fraud is described as an intentional act involving deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage. It involves the presentation of a statement or representation made recklessly or without the belief in the truth or suppression of facts.

The Economic and Financial Crime Commission (EFCC) is a criminal investigation organisation in charge of investigating financial crimes involving politicians, economic saboteurs, and electoral fraudsters. EFCC’s “modus operandi” is such that any suspect or ‘accused’ must deposit all his money and other belongings with the exhibit section headed by Mr. Oripipe, a cashier, who is expected to pay all cash receipts collected by him to the Banking officer. The banking officer issues a revenue receipt to the Cashier.

Mrs. Innocent, the resident auditor, conducted a physical cash survey and discovered that the total amount on the duplicate receipt book with the banking officer is N4,550,000, which does not agree with the actual cash paid in. It was suspected that the organisation has been defrauded.

The following information relates to the deposits collected from January to December 2013:

  1. Cash from Honourable Talaka: N12,500
  2. Cash from a container with five suitcases, each containing N250,000: N1,250,000
  3. Cash recovered from Anine, a criminal that raided Ifako bank: N4,000,000
  4. Cash sales of impounded lace: N425,000
  5. Five boxes containing consumable items earlier disposed of for N16,000, mistakenly kept in Mr. Oripipe’s drawer, were later discovered by the auditor.
  6. On investigation, it was discovered that the banking officer was illegally removing N500 from every N2,500 paid to him by the cashier.

Required:

a. Explain briefly FOUR types of financial fraud. (4 Marks)

b. Prepare the correct statement of deposits from detainees as it should be in Mr. Oripipe’s records and identify the shortfall due to his negligence. (10 Marks)

c. Calculate the amount of cash lost by the government as a result of the fraud. (6 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q1 – The Role and Responsibilities of Auditors

Examines responsibilities in fraud prevention, asset ownership verification, depreciation rates, asset register contents, and revaluation effects.

You are an employee of Ben, Tai & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. One of the firm’s clients is Keke Limited, a car rental company whose shares are not traded on a stock exchange. The company has a large fleet of vehicles which it hires out on a contract basis.

The duration of a contract varies from one day to three months. Anybody wishing to hire a car must possess a valid driver’s license. In addition, they must take out insurance with Keke Limited.

You are involved in the audit of non-current assets for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The company’s main non-current assets are:

  • Freehold land and buildings
  • Office equipment (mainly computers)
  • Motor vehicles

The company was formed ten years ago, and all non-current assets (except for land and buildings) are maintained in a non-current assets register. The company depreciates non-current assets at the following rates:

  • Freehold land and buildings: 2% on cost
  • Office equipment: 20% on cost
  • Motor vehicles: 50% on cost

The company has recently revalued its buildings upwards by N200 million. The directors believe that they have fallen victim to a fraudster who has disappeared with a number of the company’s vehicles.

Required:

a. What is the difference between the responsibilities of management and the auditor for the prevention and the detection of fraud? Explain how these responsibilities are carried out. (6 marks)

b. Describe how you would verify the ownership of:
i. Freehold land and buildings
ii. Computers
iii. Motor vehicles
(6 marks)

c. Comment on the appropriateness of the depreciation rates of the non-current assets and their respective effect on the income statement. (6 marks)

d. List the contents of a non-current asset register and describe its usefulness for Keke Limited. (6 marks)

e. Explain the accounting effect of the revaluation of the buildings to the financial statements and the audit work you would perform in this matter. (6 marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – Nov 2019 – L2 – Q2 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Discuss the concept of expectation gap in auditing and the reasons an auditor may not detect fraud.

The Financial Reporting Council of Kalagi, when performing a review of the financial statements of Yakoyo Plc., detected some errors and disclosure deficiencies which were brought to the attention of the management of the company. The management put the blame on the company’s auditors and accused them of negligence.

You are a chartered accountant and an informed shareholder of the company. You are required to explain:

a. “Expectation gap” in audit (5 Marks)

b. How the expectation gap can be bridged (7½ Marks)

c. Why an auditor may not detect fraud (7½ Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q1 – Introduction to Public Sector Accounting

Preparation of adjusted cash book and bank reconciliation, and reporting procedures for fraud in a public sector context.

It has become a very important task for Accounting Officers of Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) to pay more attention to and make regular checks on their corporation’s cash books and bank accounts.

Internal control systems are usually put in place to prevent the possibility of committing errors and fraud. This has been more challenging and requires all accounting officers to be more knowledgeable in the act of keeping records. Every organization has to keep a close watch on its bank account transactions to guard against fraud or the infiltration of extraneous entries. This is done through regular preparation of bank reconciliation statements.

As a result of widespread internet fraud, the Accounting Officer of the Ministry of Land and Housing, Alhaji Maito Garba, has been concerned with the Ministry’s banking transactions. In recent times, there have been challenges reconciling the Ministry’s banking transactions. There was no time when the Ministry’s bank balance agreed with the cash book balance. However, there was no adequate information to suggest that there was fraud or misappropriation of funds. Nonetheless, Alhaji Maito Garba invited you to his office for professional advice.

He informed you that the Director of Finance of the Ministry had been avoiding him on matters relating to the Ministry’s bank and cash positions.

He also informed you that he was able to retrieve some of the finance department’s data, which he handed over to you as detailed below:

Transactions recorded in the books for the year ended December 31, 2017
(Amount in N’000)

Description N’000
Subvention received 55,000.00
Interest from investment 3,501.68
Rent on property 11,300.35
Ground rent 16,801.00
Saving deposits interest 6,281.00
Grants for construction of estates 51,301.50
Deposits for land 19,000.60
Personnel costs 36,801.00
Travel and transport 7,000.40
Telephone services 2,401.50
Repairs of property 4,868.25
Stationery 901.86
Provision of water for estate 14,300.60
Consultancy services 3,001.26
Training and staff development 1,001.56
Auditing and staff development 1,500.00
Entertainment and hospitality 500.00
Construction of estate 35,607.58
Construction of access roads 8,400.60
Cash book balance as at 1/1/2017 21,500.00

Preliminary investigations revealed the following information:

  1. 1,370 prospective landowners deposited N10,000 each, while 580 deposited N20,000 for high- and low-density areas of the estate, respectively.
  2. Included in the payments for the construction of the estate were various duplicated vouchers amounting to N9 million.
  3. The bank balance as per the statement on December 31, 2017, was N39,560,600.
  4. Uncredited cheques amounted to N6.9 million, while unpresented cheques stood at N4,337,800.
  5. There were some falsifications in the bills for items bought for the provision of water for the estate.

Required:

a. Prepare the adjusted cash book for the Ministry of Land and Housing for the year ended December 31, 2017. (10 Marks)

b. Prepare the bank reconciliation statement for the Ministry of Land and Housing as of December 31, 2017. (10 Marks)

c. Identify FOUR statutory institutions that the suspicious case(s) of fraud in (b) above could be reported to. (4 Marks)

d. State FOUR procedures that should be followed by the Accounting Officer in reporting the case(s) of fraud to the statutory institutions in (c) above. (4 Marks)

e. Identify TWO related offenses that two of the statutory institutions in (c) above can deal with in this case. (2 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Control Accounts

Identifies a feature that does not describe a control account.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a control account?
A. It is maintained by the financial controller.
B. It is used to check arithmetical accuracy of the ledger to which it relates.
C. The ledger to which it relates is known as self-financing.
D. It helps in the detection of fraud and error.
E. The entries therein appear on the same side as they do in the individual accounts.

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  • 10 Marks

AA – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3a – Audit and Assurance Evidence

This question asks for four substantive testing methods that could detect fraud in the accounts payable balance.

Automech Ltd is a manufacturer of automotive parts based in Ghana. The company’s accountant has been manipulating the accounts payable balance by teeming and lading to misrepresent the financial position of the company. The accountant has been recording fictitious invoices and payments to suppliers to increase the accounts payable balance and misrepresent the company’s expenses.

The external auditor, who was engaged to audit the financial statements of the company, performed substantive testing for transaction cycles and verification procedures for assets, liabilities, and equity items. However, the auditor failed to identify the risk of teeming and lading in the accounts payable balance.

During the audit, the auditor reviewed the accounts payable balance and performed confirmation procedures to verify the balance with the suppliers. However, the accountant had provided the auditor with fake confirmation responses, and the auditor failed to detect the fraud.

Although the financial statements of Automech Ltd were misstated, the Auditor issued an unqualified opinion, stating that the financial statements were presented fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework. After the audit, the fraud was discovered by a whistle-blower, and the accountant was fired. The company’s reputation was damaged, and the external auditor faced legal action for failing to detect the fraud.

Required:
State and explain FOUR (4) substantive testing that would have detected the fraud being perpetuated by the Accountant.
(10 marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AA – May 2016 – L2 – Q3c – Professional and Ethical Considerations

This question explores the different responsibilities of internal and external auditors in the prevention, detection, and reporting of fraud and error.

(c) There are similarities and differences between the responsibilities of internal and external auditors. Both internal and external auditors have responsibilities relating to the prevention, detection, and reporting of fraud, for example, but their responsibilities are not the same.

Required:
Explain the difference between the responsibilities of internal auditors and external auditors for the prevention, detection, and reporting of fraud and error. (6 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

AA – May 2017 – L2 – Q2b – Internal Audit and Its Relationship with External Audit

Distinction between internal audit and internal check.

Distinguish between internal audit and internal check.

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  • 10 Marks

AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q1a – Responsibilities for the prevention and detection of fraud

Explains auditor’s responsibility regarding fraud detection and outlines audit procedures to detect fraud anomalies.

a) J.K. Asenso is a member of a team auditing the financial statement of Sascraku Co. Ltd for the year ended 31 December 2017. Shortly after the end of the audit, the media made an allegation of fraudulent activities with the aim of reducing tax liability against the company. A committee was appointed by Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) to examine the books of the company to substantiate the allegations.

The committee discovered the following anomalies:

  • Diverting receipts to private bank accounts;
  • Stealing physical assets or intellectual property;
  • The entity paid for goods that had not been received;
  • Assets had been used for personal purposes.

The directors were not happy with the work of the auditors due to their inability to discover the above anomalies.

Required:
i) Explain the responsibility of the Auditor with respect to detection and prevention of fraud.
(5 marks)
ii) Outline the audit procedures that the auditors should have adopted to detect the above anomalies.
(5 marks)

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  • 10 Marks

AA – Mar 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Internal Audit and Its Relationship with External Audit

Explain the differences between internal and external auditors in fraud prevention, detection, and reporting responsibilities.

There are similarities and differences between the responsibilities of internal and external auditors. Both internal and external auditors have responsibilities relating to the prevention, detection, and reporting of fraud, for example, but their responsibilities are not the same.

Required:
In reference to the statement above, explain the difference between the responsibilities of internal auditors and external auditors in relation to:
i) Prevention and detection of fraud. (5 marks)
ii) Reporting of fraud. (5 marks)

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