Question Tag: Fraud Detection

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  • 20 Marks

ITF – APR 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Fraudulent Remittance Prevention

Explain in 10 bullet points how to prevent a fraudulent remittance scenario involving a SWIFT MT910 message.

You are in charge of the Foreign Remittances Department of your bank. About a week ago, a certain man came to your office to enquire whether you have received any remittance on his behalf. When asked how much he was expecting he said the amount was USD 23, 745.00 from his brother in America, to which you replied in the negative. He had a few discussion with with you, gave you his name as well as cell phone number and left.

Three days after, you received a SWIFT message MT9 10 (confirmation of credit advice) with an amount of USD 23, 745.00 (from Citbank N.A. so you called him. He gave his account details of your bank’s branch at Somanya. Upon this you gave instruction for payment to be processed into his current account in local currency. Customer withdrew the funds as soon as it hit the account explaining to the branch manager that it was for a building project and had to quickly buy the building material before prices escalate. A week later, you returned from a meeting at Head Office to find a SWIFT message on your desk from Citbank N.A requesting for immediate return of the paid out USD 23.745 received under MT9 10 as it has been confirmed by the FBI as a fraudulent transaction. In fact, Citbank is urgently demanding authorization message from your bank to debit its Nostro account in settlement.

Required:

Explain what you could have done to prevent this from happening to your bank. Your answer should be a ten (10) bullet point format.

[Total Marks 20]

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  • 5 Marks

PT- Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5d – Data Analytics in Taxation

Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion and provide examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

GRA’s use of data analytics has become increasingly important in identifying tax evasion and improving compliance.

Required:
i) Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion. 
ii) Provide TWO examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII -Q8 – Forensic Auditing

Explores the components of forensic accounting, including investigative aspects.

Forensic accounting encompasses both …………… and investigative accounting.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q17 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying inappropriate actions for material fraud detected in a banking audit.

Which of the following actions is inappropriate to a material fraud detected during an audit of a banking institution?

A. Discuss the matter with at least one level of management above the perpetrators
B. Obtain further evidence
C. Mention it in the audit report
D. Suggest that the client consults with legal counsel about questions of law
E. Report the matter directly to the police

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q12 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying examples unrelated to revenue-related fraud.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Revenue Related Fraud?

A. Accounting and documentary
B. Lifestyle of employees
C. Related party transactions
D. Management override of significant internal control activities
E. Sale of assets that is very similar to subsequent purchases at similar amounts

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles

Evaluate the steps for identifying and responding to fraud risk during audit planning.

Fela Idaewor is the auditor for Matty Co. Ltd, a rapidly expanding retail business based in Lekki. This is her first year as the audit manager. During her engagement planning, she observed multiple risk factors, such as the company’s strong interest in maintaining earnings and share prices, unrealistic financial forecasts, and high reliance on debt financing for expansion. Additionally, there were strong indications that fraud might have been committed by top management.

Required
(a) What should Idaewor do about the possibility of fraud at the planning stage? (7 Marks)
(b) What documentation is required for identifying risk factors? (5 Marks)
(c) If Idaewor has evidence suggesting fraud, what are her communication responsibilities to management? (3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss auditor responsibility for fraud detection, strategies for closing the expectation gap, differences between review and audit reports, and required reporting for managing fraud.

Demmy Global Limited, a growth-oriented company controlled by its Managing Director, Mr. Longe, sells mobile smartphones through sales agents on a commission basis. Phones are supplied on a sale or return basis, with sales recognized upon receipt by agents. The company’s growth appears rapid due to fraudulent practices by Mr. Longe, including:

  1. Fictitious agents responsible for 25% of revenue.
  2. Year-end dispatch of inventories to agents with post-year-end returns recorded as repurchases.
  3. Capitalization of 20% of cost of sales by falsifying purchase invoices with suppliers.
  4. Director bonuses linked to profits, encouraging uncritical acceptance of rapid growth.

The fraud was concealed by falsified records, bribery, and restrictions on auditor access to corroborate sales and verify contracts.

The external auditor is now sued by a bank that granted a loan to Demmy Global Limited based on interim financial statements reviewed by the auditor, for which a review report was issued.

Required:

  1. Discuss the extent to which an auditor is responsible for detecting fraud and error, and the external auditor’s procedure where fraud or error is suspected. (7 Marks)
  2. Advise the auditor on strategies to close the expectation gap. (5 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ‘review report’ issued by the auditor on the interim financial statements differs in terms of its level of assurance from the auditor’s report on the year-end financial statements. (2 Marks)
  4. Evaluate the circumstance and nature of the reports that would have been necessary for the auditor based on the activities of the Managing Director. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discuss reasons for outsourcing internal audit, advantages/disadvantages, and functions that cannot be outsourced.

The Internal Audit Unit of Oluvia Bank Limited has been accused of collusion with staff in committing monumental fraud. The following types of fraud were found to be common:

  • Cheque suppression
  • Fraudulent bookkeeping to overstate income
  • Inflation of the worth of the company’s assets
  • Intercepting replaced customers’ cards
  • Fraudsters impersonating Senior Managers or Chief Executive Officer
  • Online banking fraud, such as phishing, malware attacks, and clone websites
  • Impersonating the owner of an account or using fake documents to open an account under someone else’s name (no proper Know Your Customer conducted)

The bank examiners came and were surprised at the level of fraud in the bank and requested management to address it urgently.

After the supervisory visit, the board of directors discussed the issue with the bank’s external auditors, who suggested that the bank could outsource the internal audit functions. The Board of Directors found this suggestion favorable and mandated the Managing Director to act swiftly and report back with details at the next board meeting.

Required:

a. Discuss the main reasons for outsourcing internal audit functions. (3 Marks)

b. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. (10 Marks)

c. Discuss which part of the internal audit function cannot be outsourced. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Complex Entities

Evaluate auditors' responsibilities in fraud detection, financial misreporting, and appropriate audit procedures to mitigate misstatements.

The Financial Controller (FC) of Poki Limited made an observation on the draft engagement letter sent by the external auditors to the company, an extract of which is as stated below:

“The responsibility for safeguarding the assets of the company and for the prevention and detection of fraud, error, and non-compliance with laws or regulations rests with the company’s directors. In accordance with auditing standards, we shall endeavor to plan our audit so that we have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements in the financial statements or accounting records (including any material misstatements resulting from fraud, error, or non-compliance with laws or regulations). However, because any internal control structure, no matter how effective, cannot eliminate the possibility that errors or irregularities may occur and remain undetected and because we use selective testing in our audit, we cannot guarantee that errors or irregularities, if present, will be detected. Accordingly, our audit should not be relied upon to disclose all such material misstatements or frauds, errors, or instances of non-compliance as may exist. The best safeguard against irregularities and fraud is a sound system of internal control.”

The FC accused the auditors of running away from their responsibilities of exposing to the owners of the company fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. To him, what is the purpose of audit when fraud and errors could not be discovered? He has threatened to discuss with the Board of Directors and insists that the engagement letter will not be signed until those sections are removed. You are a senior member of the audit team.

Required:

a. Outline the objectives of auditors in relation to fraud. (6 Marks)

b. Explain fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. (7 Marks)

c. State the procedures auditors should perform to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud. (7 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

ITF – APR 2023 – L3 – Q7 – Fraudulent Remittance Prevention

Explain in 10 bullet points how to prevent a fraudulent remittance scenario involving a SWIFT MT910 message.

You are in charge of the Foreign Remittances Department of your bank. About a week ago, a certain man came to your office to enquire whether you have received any remittance on his behalf. When asked how much he was expecting he said the amount was USD 23, 745.00 from his brother in America, to which you replied in the negative. He had a few discussion with with you, gave you his name as well as cell phone number and left.

Three days after, you received a SWIFT message MT9 10 (confirmation of credit advice) with an amount of USD 23, 745.00 (from Citbank N.A. so you called him. He gave his account details of your bank’s branch at Somanya. Upon this you gave instruction for payment to be processed into his current account in local currency. Customer withdrew the funds as soon as it hit the account explaining to the branch manager that it was for a building project and had to quickly buy the building material before prices escalate. A week later, you returned from a meeting at Head Office to find a SWIFT message on your desk from Citbank N.A requesting for immediate return of the paid out USD 23.745 received under MT9 10 as it has been confirmed by the FBI as a fraudulent transaction. In fact, Citbank is urgently demanding authorization message from your bank to debit its Nostro account in settlement.

Required:

Explain what you could have done to prevent this from happening to your bank. Your answer should be a ten (10) bullet point format.

[Total Marks 20]

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  • 5 Marks

PT- Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5d – Data Analytics in Taxation

Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion and provide examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

GRA’s use of data analytics has become increasingly important in identifying tax evasion and improving compliance.

Required:
i) Explain how data analytics can be used to detect tax evasion. 
ii) Provide TWO examples of how GRA might use data analytics to enhance tax compliance.

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII -Q8 – Forensic Auditing

Explores the components of forensic accounting, including investigative aspects.

Forensic accounting encompasses both …………… and investigative accounting.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

This question explores forensic audit, its application in fraud investigation, and compares auditor responsibilities in statutory versus forensic audits.

In accordance with ISA 240, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with Management. But the issue of Accountants seeking specialization as forensic auditors has continued to dominate discussion on professional practice.

Required:
a. Explain forensic audit and how it applies to fraud investigation. (5 Marks)

b. Compare the responsibilities of the auditor in respect of fraud when conducting:
i. Statutory Audit (5 Marks)
ii. Forensic Audit (5 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q17 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying inappropriate actions for material fraud detected in a banking audit.

Which of the following actions is inappropriate to a material fraud detected during an audit of a banking institution?

A. Discuss the matter with at least one level of management above the perpetrators
B. Obtain further evidence
C. Mention it in the audit report
D. Suggest that the client consults with legal counsel about questions of law
E. Report the matter directly to the police

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  • 1 Marks

AAA – Nov 2012 – L3 – SA – Q12 – Forensic Auditing

Identifying examples unrelated to revenue-related fraud.

Which of the following is NOT an example of Revenue Related Fraud?

A. Accounting and documentary
B. Lifestyle of employees
C. Related party transactions
D. Management override of significant internal control activities
E. Sale of assets that is very similar to subsequent purchases at similar amounts

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2011 – L3 – SB – Q1 – Application of Audit and Assurance Principles

Evaluate the steps for identifying and responding to fraud risk during audit planning.

Fela Idaewor is the auditor for Matty Co. Ltd, a rapidly expanding retail business based in Lekki. This is her first year as the audit manager. During her engagement planning, she observed multiple risk factors, such as the company’s strong interest in maintaining earnings and share prices, unrealistic financial forecasts, and high reliance on debt financing for expansion. Additionally, there were strong indications that fraud might have been committed by top management.

Required
(a) What should Idaewor do about the possibility of fraud at the planning stage? (7 Marks)
(b) What documentation is required for identifying risk factors? (5 Marks)
(c) If Idaewor has evidence suggesting fraud, what are her communication responsibilities to management? (3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2024 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Forensic Auditing

Discuss auditor responsibility for fraud detection, strategies for closing the expectation gap, differences between review and audit reports, and required reporting for managing fraud.

Demmy Global Limited, a growth-oriented company controlled by its Managing Director, Mr. Longe, sells mobile smartphones through sales agents on a commission basis. Phones are supplied on a sale or return basis, with sales recognized upon receipt by agents. The company’s growth appears rapid due to fraudulent practices by Mr. Longe, including:

  1. Fictitious agents responsible for 25% of revenue.
  2. Year-end dispatch of inventories to agents with post-year-end returns recorded as repurchases.
  3. Capitalization of 20% of cost of sales by falsifying purchase invoices with suppliers.
  4. Director bonuses linked to profits, encouraging uncritical acceptance of rapid growth.

The fraud was concealed by falsified records, bribery, and restrictions on auditor access to corroborate sales and verify contracts.

The external auditor is now sued by a bank that granted a loan to Demmy Global Limited based on interim financial statements reviewed by the auditor, for which a review report was issued.

Required:

  1. Discuss the extent to which an auditor is responsible for detecting fraud and error, and the external auditor’s procedure where fraud or error is suspected. (7 Marks)
  2. Advise the auditor on strategies to close the expectation gap. (5 Marks)
  3. Explain how the ‘review report’ issued by the auditor on the interim financial statements differs in terms of its level of assurance from the auditor’s report on the year-end financial statements. (2 Marks)
  4. Evaluate the circumstance and nature of the reports that would have been necessary for the auditor based on the activities of the Managing Director. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discuss reasons for outsourcing internal audit, advantages/disadvantages, and functions that cannot be outsourced.

The Internal Audit Unit of Oluvia Bank Limited has been accused of collusion with staff in committing monumental fraud. The following types of fraud were found to be common:

  • Cheque suppression
  • Fraudulent bookkeeping to overstate income
  • Inflation of the worth of the company’s assets
  • Intercepting replaced customers’ cards
  • Fraudsters impersonating Senior Managers or Chief Executive Officer
  • Online banking fraud, such as phishing, malware attacks, and clone websites
  • Impersonating the owner of an account or using fake documents to open an account under someone else’s name (no proper Know Your Customer conducted)

The bank examiners came and were surprised at the level of fraud in the bank and requested management to address it urgently.

After the supervisory visit, the board of directors discussed the issue with the bank’s external auditors, who suggested that the bank could outsource the internal audit functions. The Board of Directors found this suggestion favorable and mandated the Managing Director to act swiftly and report back with details at the next board meeting.

Required:

a. Discuss the main reasons for outsourcing internal audit functions. (3 Marks)

b. Outline the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing. (10 Marks)

c. Discuss which part of the internal audit function cannot be outsourced. (2 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2022 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Complex Entities

Evaluate auditors' responsibilities in fraud detection, financial misreporting, and appropriate audit procedures to mitigate misstatements.

The Financial Controller (FC) of Poki Limited made an observation on the draft engagement letter sent by the external auditors to the company, an extract of which is as stated below:

“The responsibility for safeguarding the assets of the company and for the prevention and detection of fraud, error, and non-compliance with laws or regulations rests with the company’s directors. In accordance with auditing standards, we shall endeavor to plan our audit so that we have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements in the financial statements or accounting records (including any material misstatements resulting from fraud, error, or non-compliance with laws or regulations). However, because any internal control structure, no matter how effective, cannot eliminate the possibility that errors or irregularities may occur and remain undetected and because we use selective testing in our audit, we cannot guarantee that errors or irregularities, if present, will be detected. Accordingly, our audit should not be relied upon to disclose all such material misstatements or frauds, errors, or instances of non-compliance as may exist. The best safeguard against irregularities and fraud is a sound system of internal control.”

The FC accused the auditors of running away from their responsibilities of exposing to the owners of the company fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. To him, what is the purpose of audit when fraud and errors could not be discovered? He has threatened to discuss with the Board of Directors and insists that the engagement letter will not be signed until those sections are removed. You are a senior member of the audit team.

Required:

a. Outline the objectives of auditors in relation to fraud. (6 Marks)

b. Explain fraudulent financial reporting and misappropriation of assets. (7 Marks)

c. State the procedures auditors should perform to identify the risks of material misstatement due to fraud. (7 Marks)

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