Question Tag: Financial Reporting

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1b – Digital Challenges in Accounting

Discuss the challenges of digital transformation in accounting, covering cybersecurity, compliance, and ethical concerns.

In the contemporary business landscape, the integration of digital technologies presents multifaceted challenges for accounting professionals, particularly in the areas of digital transition, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and ethical decision-making. Explain each of these challenges.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2c – Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Compute the pension amounts for Oboisah PLC under IAS 19.

Oboisah PLC (Oboisah) operates a defined benefit pension plan for employees who commenced employment with the company prior to 1 April 2021. The pension scheme is non-contributory.

At 31 March 2023, the Group recorded a net defined liability of GH¢157 million. The following information relates to the year ended 31 March 2024:

Description Amount (GH¢ million)
Employer contributions paid on 31 March 2024 43
Benefits paid 16
Current service cost 42
Curtailment gain 3
Present value of defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2024 498
Value of plan assets at 31 March 2024 315

The average yield on relevant corporate bonds was 20% on 1 April 2023. Entries so far made in respect of the employer contributions have been incorrectly debited to accounts receivable and credited to cash. Benefits paid have been correctly recorded.

Required:

In line with IAS 19: Employee Benefits, determine how much pension amounts should be included in the financial statements of Oboisah PLC for the year ended 31 March 2024. Show the appropriate extracts for the above and any correction entries, if necessary.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Accounting for Legal Claims

Assess and account for a legal claim against Agropah PLC under IAS 37.

ropah PLC (Agropah) prepares its financial statements to 30 June and usually authorizes them for issue on 25 August.

On 15 July 2024, Agropah received notice of a legal claim made by Odametey, a customer, for loss of profits allegedly due to the supply of faulty goods by Agropah on 30 April 2024. The amount claimed was GH¢5 million.

The directors of Agropah have estimated the following possible outcomes in respect of this legal claim:

  • 28% chance that the claim will not succeed.
  • 45% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢3.2 million.
  • 27% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢5 million.

Required:

In line with IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets, explain how this legal claim should be accounted for and reported in the financial statements of Agropah for the year ended 30 June 2024.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Audit Risks and Responses for Ecowud Co. LTD

Identifying audit risks in Ecowud Co. LTD and how auditors should respond.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company has a wide customer base, including construction companies and furniture manufacturers across Ghana and West Africa.

You are the Audit Manager of Adomako & Associates and are planning the audit of Ecowud for the year ended 31 December 2023. You and the Audit Engagement Partner attended a planning meeting with Ecowud’s Finance Manager.

You are reviewing the initial meeting notes to develop the audit strategy and plan. The following key matters were captured:

  1. Development Expenditure: Revenue for the year was forecast at GH¢32 million. During the year, Ecowud spent GH¢3.5 million on developing new types of plywood. Some of these are in the early stages of development, while others are nearing completion. The Finance Manager intends to capitalize the entire GH¢3.5 million spent on development since all projects are likely to succeed.

  2. Inventory Valuation: Ecowud uses a standard costing method to value inventory. However, the company has never updated its standard costs since adopting this policy. The company operates multiple warehouses in Ghana and across West Africa, most of which are third-party rented premises.

  3. Accounting Software: A new accounting software was developed internally and implemented in August. The old and new software did not run parallel, as management deemed it burdensome. Two months after implementation, the IT Manager resigned, and a new IT Manager will take over in January 2024.

  4. Long-term Loan and Share Capital: Ecowud restructured its finances, raising GH¢2 million through share issuance and GH¢3.5 million through a long-term loan. The loan has bank-imposed financial conditions, including a minimum total asset level. If breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

  5. Revaluation of Land & Buildings: Ecowud follows a revaluation model for land and buildings. The Finance Manager has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year-end.

Required:
Identify FIVE audit risks in relation to Ecowud Co. LTD and for each risk, explain how the auditor should respond.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

Explanation of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework and its application.

Based on your results in (a), write a report to the newly appointed board analyzing and indicating whether their performance is better in comparison with the old board.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment

Evaluate the financial performance of a local government based on PEFA assessment results and recommend strategies for improvement.

 Accounting and reporting constitute a key pillar of an organised and transparent public financial management system in the public sector. The effectiveness of accounting and reporting reflects the integrity of financial data, the accuracy of in-year budget reports, and the quality of annual financial statements. In a recent Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment, a local government had the following results:

  • Annual financial reporting: D
  • In-year budget report: D+
  • Financial data integrity: C

Required:
i) Explain the assessment performance to the Municipal Chief Executive of the local government.
ii) Recommend two strategies for improving the performance of the local government in each of the assessed areas.

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PT – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q2e – Tax Audit and Under-declaration of Sales

Action to be taken regarding an under-declared sales revenue during a tax audit.

You have been engaged as an Accounts Officer in Abokobi LTD. Sales of GH¢10,000,000 were inadvertently under-declared. A team from the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) is at your premises conducting an audit. The GRA Audit Team did not review the sales revenue. After the audit, you noted that the amount constituting the under-declaration of the sales was mistakenly credited to the suppliers’ account in the ledger.

Required:

Detail out your position on the above as to what action to take.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Substantive Testing of Accounts Receivable

Explain three substantive tests for verifying accounts receivable balance.

Baaba & Associates, an audit firm, is conducting a year-end audit of Rashida LTD. The audit team is particularly concerned about the accuracy of the accounts receivable balance reported on the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Therefore, as part of their audit procedures, they need to perform substantive tests to identify any material misstatements, errors, or fraud that could impact the accuracy of the financial statements.

Required:
Explain THREE substantive tests that the audit team at Baaba & Associates should perform to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the accuracy of Rashida LTD’s accounts receivable balance.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Audit Report and Basis for Opinion

Justify the audit report type and draft the basis for the opinion section.

You are part of the audit team auditing a client in the retail business. During your risk assessment procedures, you were informed by management that accounts receivable records in one of the company’s branches were destroyed in a fire. The company is in the process of obtaining these accounts receivable records but was not able to do so prior to the approval of the financial statements. The fire incident happened on 31 December 2023 and the estimated amount involved is GH¢20 million. The audit team assessed that they are unable to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence due to inadequate accounting records. Possible effects are deemed material but not pervasive.

Required:
i) Justify the type of audit report to be issued in the above scenario.

ii) Draft the basis for the above opinion section of the auditor’s report.

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FR – Nov 2022 – L2 – Q1 – Financial Performance Ratios

This question asks for the computation of key financial ratios and an analysis of the viability of acquiring controlling interests in two companies.

There has been agitation to stop importation of containers from China, to increase patronage of local industries. The Board of Favour PLC is planning to acquire 75% controlling interests in either Grace Limited or Blessing Limited which produce better and cheaper containers locally. As a trainee working in
Obokun Chartered Accountants, the Managing Partner has requested you to carry out performance score cards of the companies using accounting ratios to assess the viability of the acquisition.

Statement of comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2020:



Additional Information:
(i) Inventories as at December 31, 2019 were N60 million, N30 million and N50 Million and the current market prices, 30 kobo, 28 kobo and 10 kobo
for Favour Plc, Grace Limited and Blessing Limited respectively.
(ii) Purchases for cash within 365 days in the year 2020 were 10%, 20% and 40% of cost of sales for Favour Plc, Grace Limited and Blessing Limited
respectively.
Required:
a. Calculate the following ratios for Grace Limited and Blessing Limited.
i. Net profit margin
ii. Quick ratio
iii. Debt equity ratio
iv. Proprietary ratio
v. Earnings yield
vi. Net asset per share

b. Draft a technical report titled “Performance Scorecard‟ of Blessing Limited and Grace Limited and advise Favour Plc in which of the two companies it should acquire 75% controlling interests. (10 Marks)

c. The Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Favour Plc noted that the records of Blessing Limited and Grace Limited are maintained using block chain technologies.

Required: Discuss the type of records that a company can maintain in blockchain and state TWO benefits of making use of this technology. (10 Marks)

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FR – May 2017 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Statement of Cash Flows

Prepare a cash flow statement for Bello Professional Nigeria Limited using the indirect method, discuss the direct method, and explain classification options for interest and dividends in cash flow statements.

The following information relates to financial statements included in the annual report of Bello Professional Nigeria Limited.

Required

a. Prepare a statement of cash flow for Bello Professional Nigeria Limited for the year ended March 31, 2015, in accordance with IAS 7 using the indirect method. (18 Marks)

b. One of the directors at the annual general meeting suggested that the direct method of preparing cash flows is more useful. Comment on this view, providing your opinion. (7 Marks)

c. IAS 7 allows different classifications in cash flow statements. Explain the classification options for the following items:

  • i. Interest paid
  • ii. Dividends received
    (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Evaluates how specific corporate governance issues impact the effectiveness of a company's governance.

Explain briefly how the following key issues in corporate governance establish how well or badly a company is governed:

a. The role and responsibilities of the board of directors
b. The composition and balance of the board of directors
c. Financial reporting, narrative reporting, and auditing
d. Directors’ remuneration
e. Risk management and internal control

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PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q4 – Public Sector Financial Statements

Prepare the financial statements of Egbin Electricity Board for 2014, including statement of financial performance and position.

The following information has been extracted from the books of Egbin Electricity Board, a public sector-owned electricity generating company, for the year ended December 31, 2014:

Item N’000
Accumulated Depreciation, January 1, 2014 45,224
Sale of Electricity 114,392
Purchase of Electricity 95,784
Meter reading, billing, and collection 1,624
Non-Current Assets Expenditure 84,102
Debtors for electricity consumption 12,006
Training and welfare 692
Stock and work-in-progress 1,234
Rents, Rates, and Insurance 2,126
Electricity Estimated unread consumption 7,222
Administration and General Expenses 1,476
Electricity Council Grant 21,556
Preparation of Electricity Council’s Expenses 362
Bank Balance and Cash 1,284
Depreciation for the year 3,634
Hire purchase and deferred payment 2,672
Interest and Financing Expenses 2,434
Creditors and accrued liabilities 13,926
Profit on contracting and sale of appliance poles 534
Reserves 23,116
Rental of Meters Application 556
Distribution cost 4,476
Customer Service 1,810

Required:

Prepare in vertical form the Statement of Financial Performance and Statement of Financial Position for Egbin Electricity Board for the year ended December 31, 2014.

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FR – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q5 – Property, Plant, and Equipment (IAS 16)

Discuss the conditions for capitalizing borrowing costs and calculate the total interest to be capitalized for VITAMAX Plc.

In accordance with IAS 23, Borrowing Costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction, or production of a qualifying asset form part of the cost of that asset, while other borrowing costs are recognized as an expense.

Required:

a. State the conditions wherein capitalisation of borrowing costs:

i. Commences

ii. Should not be suspended

iii. Should cease (6 Marks)

b. VITAMAX Plc. is constructing a factory that will take about 18 months to complete. The company commenced construction on 2 January 2013. The following payments were made during the year:

Date Amount (N’000)
31 January 40,000
31 March 90,000
30 June 20,000
31 October 40,000
30 November 50,000

The first payment on 31 January was funded from the company’s pool of debts. However, the company succeeded in raising Medium-Term Loan Notes for an amount of N160,000,000 on 31 March 2013 at a simple interest rate of 9 percent per year, calculated and payable monthly in arrears. These funds were specifically used for the construction. Excess funds were temporarily invested at 6 percent monthly in arrears and payable in cash. The pool of debts were again used for a N40,000,000 payment on 30 November 2013 which could not be funded from the Medium-Term Loan Notes.

The construction project was temporarily halted for three weeks in May 2013 when substantial technical and administrative work was carried out.

The following amounts of debts were outstanding at the reporting date of 31 December 2013:

Description Amount (N’000)
Medium-Term Loan Notes 160,000
Bank Overdraft 240,000
10% 7-Year Notes 1,800,000

For the bank overdraft, the weighted average amount outstanding during the year was N150,000,000 and the total interest charged by the bank amounted to N6,760,000 for the year.

Required:

Calculate the total amount of interest to be capitalized. (9 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q4b-Q4c – Leases (IFRS 16)

Recommend lease type for Island Plc, illustrate lease differences, and calculate lease rental and finance charge.

Island Plc, an international airline operating in Nigeria, intends to lease a Boeing 747 from KLM Leasing Ltd. The lease terms include:

  • Lease period: 5 years
  • Quarterly rental: N150 million
  • Aircraft cost: N500 million
  • Useful life of aircraft: 20 years
  • Scrap value: Nil
  • Maintenance by KLM Leasing Ltd

Required:

b. i. Recommend the most appropriate lease arrangement for Island Plc, giving reasons. (2 Marks)

ii. Describe the differences between the recommended lease type and another lease type per IAS 17. (5 Marks)

c. i. Calculate the total lease rental over the lease period. (1 Mark)

ii. Determine the finance charge for the lease period. (2 Marks)

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FR – May 2024 – L2 – SA – Q2 – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Discusses the information needs of financial statement users, CAMA director report requirements, and deferred tax calculations.

a. The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting sets out the concepts that underlie the preparation and presentation of financial statements and considers the various users of these financial statements.

Required:
Identify and discuss the information needs of the different users of financial statements. (10 Marks)

b. The Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) 2020 is the primary source of company law that establishes the requirements for financial reporting by all companies in Nigeria.

Required:
Briefly explain FIVE issues that must be contained in a directors’ report in accordance with CAMA 2020. (5 Marks)

c. Babanriga Nigeria Limited acquired a factory machine for N10 million on January 1, 2019. The machine had an estimated life and residual value of 10 years and N2 million, respectively, and is depreciated on a straight-line basis. In lieu of depreciation, the tax authority allows a tax expense of 40% of the cost of this type of machine to be claimed against income tax in the year of purchase, with 25% per annum of its tax base subsequently on a reducing balance basis. The prevailing company income tax rate is 30%.

Required:
Calculate the deferred tax charge or credit which will be recorded in Babanriga Nigeria Limited’s Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income for the year ended December 31, 2021, and the deferred tax balance in the Statement of Financial Position at that date. (5 Marks)

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FR – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q3 – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Calculate basis periods and assess tax-related obligations within the Financial Reporting framework.

USMAN Plc.
Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
for the year ended 31 December 2013

USMAN Plc.
Comparative Statements of Financial Position as at:

 

Additional information extracted from the company’s records are:

(i) Plant which had a carrying amount of N20,000,000 was sold for N28,000,000
cash and new equipment was purchased for N100million.
(ii) Intangibles valued at N30,000,000 were acquired for cash.
(iii) Borrowings of N20,000,000 were made during the year and received in cash.
(iv) Dividends paid in cash amounted to N100,000,000.

Required:

Prepare Statement of Cash Flows for USMAN Plc for the year ended 31 December 2013
in accordance with IAS7 using direct method.

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PSAF – May 2024 – L2 – SB – Q3 – Financial Reporting and Accountability in the Public Sector

Preparation of a bank reconciliation statement and discussion of challenges in e-payment.

a. Differentiate between unapplied mandate and uncredited cheques. (5 Marks)

b. The Account Officer of University of Igbokuenu, Abia, supplied the following information for Asejere Bank for the month ended March 31, 2020. On the same date, the balance as per the bank statement was a credit balance of N26,229,000, while the cash book showed a debit balance of N12,063,000.

The investigation carried out by the accounts officer revealed the following:

  • There was a bank charge amounting to N15,000 for administrative fees, which had been deducted by the bank but no entry was made in the cash book.
  • A commission on turnover (COT) of N30,000 for the month of February had not been recorded in the cash book.
  • Interest of 2% was paid on an endowment fund of N127,500,000, which was maintained in a fixed deposit account in Kazua Bank. This was paid directly to Asejere Bank PLC, but has not been recorded in the cash book, while an investment income amounting to N60,000 was also received directly by the bank but has no entry in the cash book.
  • A cheque of N24,000 was received from B-Engineering services as a registration fee on March 31, 2020, and was duly entered into the cash book and taken to the bank on the same day but had not been credited as of the time the bank statement was collected.
  • Cheques amounting to N3,300,000, previously credited by the bank were dishonored.
  • A sum of N10,200,000 which was paid directly to the bank was received from the Abuja Alumni of the University in the form of aid, which the accountant has not recorded in the cash book, while an additional N4,500,000 aid was received from USAID but not recorded in the cash book.
  • Mandate numbers, which were issued by the University to the bank for payments to beneficiaries in March 2020, were yet to be applied with details as follows:
Mandate No. Beneficiary Amount (N)
0671420 SolarTech 90,000
0002418 GreenLaud 120,000
0021462 S-Publishers 15,000

Required:
i. Prepare a bank reconciliation statement for the period ended March 31, 2020. (10 Marks)

ii. Identify and explain FIVE challenges of bank reconciliation under the e-payment system. (5 Marks)

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PSAF – May 2024 – L2 – SB – Q2 – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

Disclosures and interpretation of financial statements for public sector investments.

a. IPSAS 36 – Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures is a replacement of IPSAS 7 on Accounting for Investments in Associates.

You are required to:

Identify and briefly explain FOUR disclosures that should be made in the accounts on investments in associates. (8 Marks)

b. Interpretation of public sector financial statements is necessary in order to take decisive action in the public sector activities.

You are required to:

Identify and briefly explain THREE ways through which comparison of figures in respect of two or more years can be derived. (12 Marks)

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