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  • 20 Marks

FR – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Conceptual Framework

Explain the elements of financial statements and their recognition criteria per the IASB Conceptual Framework.

a) Explain the elements of financial statements and indicate how an item can be recognised as an element.

b) The principle of recording the substance of transactions rather than their legal form lies at the heart of the IASB’s Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting as well as numerous International Financial Reporting Standards.

Required:

i) Explain why it is important to record the substance rather than the legal form of transaction. (2 marks) ii) Describe TWO features that may indicate that the substance of a transaction is different from its legal form.

c) Sustainable development as defined by the UN World Commission on Environment and Development, is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Required:

i) Explain the term sustainability in a business setting. (2 marks) ii) Explain the THREE core areas of sustainability.

d) Ahiati LTD (Ahiati) is one of the leading manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in West Africa. Ahiati has a customer in Mexico called Taco. Ahiati made a credit sale to Taco on 1 October 2024 for Mex $100,000. Ahiati received part payment on 30 November 2024 of Mex $60,000. The following exchange rates applied during the financial year:

| 1 October 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.25 | | 30 November 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.20 | | 31 December 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.10 |

Required:

i) Prepare journal entries to show how the above transactions should be recorded in the books of Ahiati for the year ended 31 December 2024. (4 marks) ii) Show the financial reporting treatment of the foreign exchange gain or loss at the 31 December 2024 for Ahiati.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q4 – Business Valuation

Calculate share value for Gogomi LTD using net assets, price-earnings, and dividend yield methods.

a) Gogomi LTD, a privately owned joint venture, produces a range of equipment for the oil and gas industry in Ghana. One of the venturers, Oman Pension Funds (OPF), who holds one-third of Gogomi LTD’s ordinary shares, has decided to sell all of its holdings. This plan forms part of measures OPF is using to redirect focus of its investment strategy by replacing its equity assets with fixed-income holdings. OPF would therefore like to know the current value of its shareholdings to guide it during any negotiation with a potential buyer.
The following draft financial statements (together with the additional information) should be used to estimate the share value:

Draft statement of profit or loss of Gogomi LTD for the year ended 31 August 2024

GH¢000
Revenue 115,500
Cost of sales (80,300)
Gross profit 35,200
Selling and distribution (12,300)
Administrative expenses (8,550)
Profit before tax 14,350
Tax (2,030)
Profit after tax 12,320

Draft statement of financial position of Gogomi LTD as at 31 August 2024

GH¢000
Assets
Non-current assets:
Properties 52,400
Plant and equipment 53,300
Current assets 35,300
Total assets 141,000
Equity and liabilities
Capital and reserves
Ordinary shares @ GH¢2 each 24,000
10% Irredeemable preference shares @ GH¢1.50 each 6,000
Retained earnings 57,500
Non-current liabilities 38,080
Current liabilities 15,420
Total equity and liabilities 141,000

Additional information:

  1. Included in properties is an office building whose fair value has been measured by a valuation specialist at GH¢25 million. This value compares to a book value of GH¢19.5 million. Plant is not yet adjusted for a required reversal of GH¢2 million impairment charge previously written off to profit or loss account against an item of plant. On 28 August 2024, Gogomi LTD bought an item of equipment and paid GH¢15.2 million, net of 5% withholding tax, to the equipment dealer. Management have expensed the associated withholding tax (already paid to the local tax office) within the income statement.
  2. Included in receivables is an amount of GH¢4.4 million owed by a customer who has fallen into an unexpected, serious financial difficulty. As a consequence, expert assessment indicates that Gogomi LTD will have to wait until 31 August 2025 to receive the full amount in a single payment.
  3. Gogomi LTD’s current ordinary dividend cover computed, based on the above draft accounts, is 4. Preference dividends have been fully paid.
  4. A comparable quoted firm’s price-earnings ratio and dividend yield are 7.2 and 4.52% respectively. No adjustment should be made to these ratios, if they are used in any computations.
  5. Applicable cost of capital is 10%.

Required:
Determine a range of values to be placed on each ordinary share of Gogomi LTD using:
i) Net assets basis
ii) Price-earnings basis
iii) Dividend yield basis

b) For the purpose of consolidation, a parent must consolidate all controlled entities. However, there is an exemption that applies to investment entities.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q2 – Income Taxes

Calculate and present the financial accounting treatment for Amugi's tax items per IAS 12, including revaluation and tax losses.

a) Amugi, a public listed company, is a producer of soft drinks. Recently, Amugi has been experiencing financial difficulties attributed to a recession. Extract of Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 June 2024 are as shown below:

Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024 (Extract)

GHC’000
Property, Plant and Equipment 214,080
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liability 13,080
Current liabilities
Current tax payable –

Statement of Profit or Loss account for the year ended 30 June 2024 (Extract)

GHC’000
Gross Profit 189,000
Distribution costs (200,520)
Loss before tax (11,520)
Income tax expense –
Loss for the year (11,520)

The carrying amount of land and buildings included in ‘Property, plant and equipment’ in the draft financial statements above was GH¢144 million. Depreciation for the period of GH¢14.4 million on property, plant and equipment has already been accounted for. The market value of the land and buildings as assessed by professionally qualified valuers was GH¢151.2 million as at 30 June 2024. Gains and losses on property are taxable or tax deductible on sale.

The tax base of all property, plant and equipment at 30 June 2024 was GH¢150.48 million. Losses incurred in the year ended 30 June 2024 that can be recognised for tax purposes (after taking into account disallowable expenses) amounted to GH¢23.04 million. In the industry in which Amugi operates, tax losses can be carried back for three years and then carried forward indefinitely. Amugi made a profit in the previous three years sufficient to absorb the current year tax losses. Amugi pays tax at 25% and the tax losses will be applied at that rate. The rate is not expected to change.

The deferred tax liability in the above extract statement of financial position is the figure at 1 July 2023. There were no temporary differences other than those noted above. Current tax assets and liabilities can be netted in the tax regime.

Required:
Using financial statement extracts, set out the financial accounting treatment of the above items in accordance with IAS 12: Income Taxes.

b) Paakofi is adopting IFRSs for the first time for the year ended 30 September 2024, with one year of comparative information. Information in respect of the years ending 30 September 2023 and 30 September 2022 is as follows:

30/9/2023 GHC’000 30/9/2022 GHC’000
Property, Plant and Equipment (previous GAAP)
– depreciated cost 77,600 80,400
– fair value 92,000 88,000
Capitalised staff training costs (at carrying amounts under previous GAAP) 3,000 4,000
Borrowing costs incurred for an asset under construction (cumulative) (expensed under previous GAAP) (asset construction began on 1 October 2021) 360 240
Provision for court case – previous GAAP valuation and recognition basis 1,200 480
– IFRS valuation and recognition basis – –

Paakofi wishes to use all exemptions available to the company on transition to IFRSs.

Required:
Calculate the total adjustment required to Paakofi’s opening equity at the date of transition to IFRSs (insofar as the information provided permits).

c) The diagram below relates to Mireku LTD.

Diagram Details (summarized):

  • Ayariga PLC holds significant influence over Mireku LTD.
  • Ahmed LTD is jointly controlled by Ayariga PLC.
  • Alex is a key management personnel of Mireku LTD.
  • Adorko is Alex’s domestic partner.
  • Twins are children of Alex and Adorko.
  • Ayine LTD is Mireku LTD’s main customer (55% of revenue).
  • Dennis, Adorko’s former spouse, pays monthly upkeep allowance to Adorko.
  • Jinapor LTD is controlled by Dennis.

Additional Information:
iii) Ayine LTD is Mireku LTD’s main customer, representing approximately 55% of Mireku’s revenue stream.
iv) Dennis pays monthly upkeep allowance to Adorko.

Required:
Justify whether each of the parties in the above diagram is or is not considered a related party of Mireku LTD in accordance with IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures.

d) Identify FOUR indicators of a hyperinflationary economy in accordance with IAS 29: Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2c – Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Compute the pension amounts for Oboisah PLC under IAS 19.

Oboisah PLC (Oboisah) operates a defined benefit pension plan for employees who commenced employment with the company prior to 1 April 2021. The pension scheme is non-contributory.

At 31 March 2023, the Group recorded a net defined liability of GH¢157 million. The following information relates to the year ended 31 March 2024:

Description Amount (GH¢ million)
Employer contributions paid on 31 March 2024 43
Benefits paid 16
Current service cost 42
Curtailment gain 3
Present value of defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2024 498
Value of plan assets at 31 March 2024 315

The average yield on relevant corporate bonds was 20% on 1 April 2023. Entries so far made in respect of the employer contributions have been incorrectly debited to accounts receivable and credited to cash. Benefits paid have been correctly recorded.

Required:

In line with IAS 19: Employee Benefits, determine how much pension amounts should be included in the financial statements of Oboisah PLC for the year ended 31 March 2024. Show the appropriate extracts for the above and any correction entries, if necessary.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Accounting for Legal Claims

Assess and account for a legal claim against Agropah PLC under IAS 37.

ropah PLC (Agropah) prepares its financial statements to 30 June and usually authorizes them for issue on 25 August.

On 15 July 2024, Agropah received notice of a legal claim made by Odametey, a customer, for loss of profits allegedly due to the supply of faulty goods by Agropah on 30 April 2024. The amount claimed was GH¢5 million.

The directors of Agropah have estimated the following possible outcomes in respect of this legal claim:

  • 28% chance that the claim will not succeed.
  • 45% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢3.2 million.
  • 27% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢5 million.

Required:

In line with IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets, explain how this legal claim should be accounted for and reported in the financial statements of Agropah for the year ended 30 June 2024.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Audit Risks and Responses for Ecowud Co. LTD

Identifying audit risks in Ecowud Co. LTD and how auditors should respond.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company has a wide customer base, including construction companies and furniture manufacturers across Ghana and West Africa.

You are the Audit Manager of Adomako & Associates and are planning the audit of Ecowud for the year ended 31 December 2023. You and the Audit Engagement Partner attended a planning meeting with Ecowud’s Finance Manager.

You are reviewing the initial meeting notes to develop the audit strategy and plan. The following key matters were captured:

  1. Development Expenditure: Revenue for the year was forecast at GH¢32 million. During the year, Ecowud spent GH¢3.5 million on developing new types of plywood. Some of these are in the early stages of development, while others are nearing completion. The Finance Manager intends to capitalize the entire GH¢3.5 million spent on development since all projects are likely to succeed.

  2. Inventory Valuation: Ecowud uses a standard costing method to value inventory. However, the company has never updated its standard costs since adopting this policy. The company operates multiple warehouses in Ghana and across West Africa, most of which are third-party rented premises.

  3. Accounting Software: A new accounting software was developed internally and implemented in August. The old and new software did not run parallel, as management deemed it burdensome. Two months after implementation, the IT Manager resigned, and a new IT Manager will take over in January 2024.

  4. Long-term Loan and Share Capital: Ecowud restructured its finances, raising GH¢2 million through share issuance and GH¢3.5 million through a long-term loan. The loan has bank-imposed financial conditions, including a minimum total asset level. If breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

  5. Revaluation of Land & Buildings: Ecowud follows a revaluation model for land and buildings. The Finance Manager has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year-end.

Required:
Identify FIVE audit risks in relation to Ecowud Co. LTD and for each risk, explain how the auditor should respond.

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  • 9 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

Explanation of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework and its application.

Based on your results in (a), write a report to the newly appointed board analyzing and indicating whether their performance is better in comparison with the old board.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment

Evaluate the financial performance of a local government based on PEFA assessment results and recommend strategies for improvement.

 Accounting and reporting constitute a key pillar of an organised and transparent public financial management system in the public sector. The effectiveness of accounting and reporting reflects the integrity of financial data, the accuracy of in-year budget reports, and the quality of annual financial statements. In a recent Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment, a local government had the following results:

  • Annual financial reporting: D
  • In-year budget report: D+
  • Financial data integrity: C

Required:
i) Explain the assessment performance to the Municipal Chief Executive of the local government.
ii) Recommend two strategies for improving the performance of the local government in each of the assessed areas.

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  • 20 Marks

FR – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q5 – Conceptual Framework

Explain the elements of financial statements and their recognition criteria per the IASB Conceptual Framework.

a) Explain the elements of financial statements and indicate how an item can be recognised as an element.

b) The principle of recording the substance of transactions rather than their legal form lies at the heart of the IASB’s Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting as well as numerous International Financial Reporting Standards.

Required:

i) Explain why it is important to record the substance rather than the legal form of transaction. (2 marks) ii) Describe TWO features that may indicate that the substance of a transaction is different from its legal form.

c) Sustainable development as defined by the UN World Commission on Environment and Development, is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Required:

i) Explain the term sustainability in a business setting. (2 marks) ii) Explain the THREE core areas of sustainability.

d) Ahiati LTD (Ahiati) is one of the leading manufacturers of pharmaceuticals in West Africa. Ahiati has a customer in Mexico called Taco. Ahiati made a credit sale to Taco on 1 October 2024 for Mex $100,000. Ahiati received part payment on 30 November 2024 of Mex $60,000. The following exchange rates applied during the financial year:

| 1 October 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.25 | | 30 November 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.20 | | 31 December 2024 | GH¢1 = Mex $1.10 |

Required:

i) Prepare journal entries to show how the above transactions should be recorded in the books of Ahiati for the year ended 31 December 2024. (4 marks) ii) Show the financial reporting treatment of the foreign exchange gain or loss at the 31 December 2024 for Ahiati.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q4 – Business Valuation

Calculate share value for Gogomi LTD using net assets, price-earnings, and dividend yield methods.

a) Gogomi LTD, a privately owned joint venture, produces a range of equipment for the oil and gas industry in Ghana. One of the venturers, Oman Pension Funds (OPF), who holds one-third of Gogomi LTD’s ordinary shares, has decided to sell all of its holdings. This plan forms part of measures OPF is using to redirect focus of its investment strategy by replacing its equity assets with fixed-income holdings. OPF would therefore like to know the current value of its shareholdings to guide it during any negotiation with a potential buyer.
The following draft financial statements (together with the additional information) should be used to estimate the share value:

Draft statement of profit or loss of Gogomi LTD for the year ended 31 August 2024

GH¢000
Revenue 115,500
Cost of sales (80,300)
Gross profit 35,200
Selling and distribution (12,300)
Administrative expenses (8,550)
Profit before tax 14,350
Tax (2,030)
Profit after tax 12,320

Draft statement of financial position of Gogomi LTD as at 31 August 2024

GH¢000
Assets
Non-current assets:
Properties 52,400
Plant and equipment 53,300
Current assets 35,300
Total assets 141,000
Equity and liabilities
Capital and reserves
Ordinary shares @ GH¢2 each 24,000
10% Irredeemable preference shares @ GH¢1.50 each 6,000
Retained earnings 57,500
Non-current liabilities 38,080
Current liabilities 15,420
Total equity and liabilities 141,000

Additional information:

  1. Included in properties is an office building whose fair value has been measured by a valuation specialist at GH¢25 million. This value compares to a book value of GH¢19.5 million. Plant is not yet adjusted for a required reversal of GH¢2 million impairment charge previously written off to profit or loss account against an item of plant. On 28 August 2024, Gogomi LTD bought an item of equipment and paid GH¢15.2 million, net of 5% withholding tax, to the equipment dealer. Management have expensed the associated withholding tax (already paid to the local tax office) within the income statement.
  2. Included in receivables is an amount of GH¢4.4 million owed by a customer who has fallen into an unexpected, serious financial difficulty. As a consequence, expert assessment indicates that Gogomi LTD will have to wait until 31 August 2025 to receive the full amount in a single payment.
  3. Gogomi LTD’s current ordinary dividend cover computed, based on the above draft accounts, is 4. Preference dividends have been fully paid.
  4. A comparable quoted firm’s price-earnings ratio and dividend yield are 7.2 and 4.52% respectively. No adjustment should be made to these ratios, if they are used in any computations.
  5. Applicable cost of capital is 10%.

Required:
Determine a range of values to be placed on each ordinary share of Gogomi LTD using:
i) Net assets basis
ii) Price-earnings basis
iii) Dividend yield basis

b) For the purpose of consolidation, a parent must consolidate all controlled entities. However, there is an exemption that applies to investment entities.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Mar 2025 – L3 – Q2 – Income Taxes

Calculate and present the financial accounting treatment for Amugi's tax items per IAS 12, including revaluation and tax losses.

a) Amugi, a public listed company, is a producer of soft drinks. Recently, Amugi has been experiencing financial difficulties attributed to a recession. Extract of Statement of Financial Position and Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 June 2024 are as shown below:

Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024 (Extract)

GHC’000
Property, Plant and Equipment 214,080
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liability 13,080
Current liabilities
Current tax payable –

Statement of Profit or Loss account for the year ended 30 June 2024 (Extract)

GHC’000
Gross Profit 189,000
Distribution costs (200,520)
Loss before tax (11,520)
Income tax expense –
Loss for the year (11,520)

The carrying amount of land and buildings included in ‘Property, plant and equipment’ in the draft financial statements above was GH¢144 million. Depreciation for the period of GH¢14.4 million on property, plant and equipment has already been accounted for. The market value of the land and buildings as assessed by professionally qualified valuers was GH¢151.2 million as at 30 June 2024. Gains and losses on property are taxable or tax deductible on sale.

The tax base of all property, plant and equipment at 30 June 2024 was GH¢150.48 million. Losses incurred in the year ended 30 June 2024 that can be recognised for tax purposes (after taking into account disallowable expenses) amounted to GH¢23.04 million. In the industry in which Amugi operates, tax losses can be carried back for three years and then carried forward indefinitely. Amugi made a profit in the previous three years sufficient to absorb the current year tax losses. Amugi pays tax at 25% and the tax losses will be applied at that rate. The rate is not expected to change.

The deferred tax liability in the above extract statement of financial position is the figure at 1 July 2023. There were no temporary differences other than those noted above. Current tax assets and liabilities can be netted in the tax regime.

Required:
Using financial statement extracts, set out the financial accounting treatment of the above items in accordance with IAS 12: Income Taxes.

b) Paakofi is adopting IFRSs for the first time for the year ended 30 September 2024, with one year of comparative information. Information in respect of the years ending 30 September 2023 and 30 September 2022 is as follows:

30/9/2023 GHC’000 30/9/2022 GHC’000
Property, Plant and Equipment (previous GAAP)
– depreciated cost 77,600 80,400
– fair value 92,000 88,000
Capitalised staff training costs (at carrying amounts under previous GAAP) 3,000 4,000
Borrowing costs incurred for an asset under construction (cumulative) (expensed under previous GAAP) (asset construction began on 1 October 2021) 360 240
Provision for court case – previous GAAP valuation and recognition basis 1,200 480
– IFRS valuation and recognition basis – –

Paakofi wishes to use all exemptions available to the company on transition to IFRSs.

Required:
Calculate the total adjustment required to Paakofi’s opening equity at the date of transition to IFRSs (insofar as the information provided permits).

c) The diagram below relates to Mireku LTD.

Diagram Details (summarized):

  • Ayariga PLC holds significant influence over Mireku LTD.
  • Ahmed LTD is jointly controlled by Ayariga PLC.
  • Alex is a key management personnel of Mireku LTD.
  • Adorko is Alex’s domestic partner.
  • Twins are children of Alex and Adorko.
  • Ayine LTD is Mireku LTD’s main customer (55% of revenue).
  • Dennis, Adorko’s former spouse, pays monthly upkeep allowance to Adorko.
  • Jinapor LTD is controlled by Dennis.

Additional Information:
iii) Ayine LTD is Mireku LTD’s main customer, representing approximately 55% of Mireku’s revenue stream.
iv) Dennis pays monthly upkeep allowance to Adorko.

Required:
Justify whether each of the parties in the above diagram is or is not considered a related party of Mireku LTD in accordance with IAS 24: Related Party Disclosures.

d) Identify FOUR indicators of a hyperinflationary economy in accordance with IAS 29: Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2c – Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Compute the pension amounts for Oboisah PLC under IAS 19.

Oboisah PLC (Oboisah) operates a defined benefit pension plan for employees who commenced employment with the company prior to 1 April 2021. The pension scheme is non-contributory.

At 31 March 2023, the Group recorded a net defined liability of GH¢157 million. The following information relates to the year ended 31 March 2024:

Description Amount (GH¢ million)
Employer contributions paid on 31 March 2024 43
Benefits paid 16
Current service cost 42
Curtailment gain 3
Present value of defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2024 498
Value of plan assets at 31 March 2024 315

The average yield on relevant corporate bonds was 20% on 1 April 2023. Entries so far made in respect of the employer contributions have been incorrectly debited to accounts receivable and credited to cash. Benefits paid have been correctly recorded.

Required:

In line with IAS 19: Employee Benefits, determine how much pension amounts should be included in the financial statements of Oboisah PLC for the year ended 31 March 2024. Show the appropriate extracts for the above and any correction entries, if necessary.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Accounting for Legal Claims

Assess and account for a legal claim against Agropah PLC under IAS 37.

ropah PLC (Agropah) prepares its financial statements to 30 June and usually authorizes them for issue on 25 August.

On 15 July 2024, Agropah received notice of a legal claim made by Odametey, a customer, for loss of profits allegedly due to the supply of faulty goods by Agropah on 30 April 2024. The amount claimed was GH¢5 million.

The directors of Agropah have estimated the following possible outcomes in respect of this legal claim:

  • 28% chance that the claim will not succeed.
  • 45% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢3.2 million.
  • 27% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢5 million.

Required:

In line with IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets, explain how this legal claim should be accounted for and reported in the financial statements of Agropah for the year ended 30 June 2024.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Audit Risks and Responses for Ecowud Co. LTD

Identifying audit risks in Ecowud Co. LTD and how auditors should respond.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company has a wide customer base, including construction companies and furniture manufacturers across Ghana and West Africa.

You are the Audit Manager of Adomako & Associates and are planning the audit of Ecowud for the year ended 31 December 2023. You and the Audit Engagement Partner attended a planning meeting with Ecowud’s Finance Manager.

You are reviewing the initial meeting notes to develop the audit strategy and plan. The following key matters were captured:

  1. Development Expenditure: Revenue for the year was forecast at GH¢32 million. During the year, Ecowud spent GH¢3.5 million on developing new types of plywood. Some of these are in the early stages of development, while others are nearing completion. The Finance Manager intends to capitalize the entire GH¢3.5 million spent on development since all projects are likely to succeed.

  2. Inventory Valuation: Ecowud uses a standard costing method to value inventory. However, the company has never updated its standard costs since adopting this policy. The company operates multiple warehouses in Ghana and across West Africa, most of which are third-party rented premises.

  3. Accounting Software: A new accounting software was developed internally and implemented in August. The old and new software did not run parallel, as management deemed it burdensome. Two months after implementation, the IT Manager resigned, and a new IT Manager will take over in January 2024.

  4. Long-term Loan and Share Capital: Ecowud restructured its finances, raising GH¢2 million through share issuance and GH¢3.5 million through a long-term loan. The loan has bank-imposed financial conditions, including a minimum total asset level. If breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

  5. Revaluation of Land & Buildings: Ecowud follows a revaluation model for land and buildings. The Finance Manager has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year-end.

Required:
Identify FIVE audit risks in relation to Ecowud Co. LTD and for each risk, explain how the auditor should respond.

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  • 9 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q4b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability

Explanation of the Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework and its application.

Based on your results in (a), write a report to the newly appointed board analyzing and indicating whether their performance is better in comparison with the old board.

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  • 10 Marks

PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment

Evaluate the financial performance of a local government based on PEFA assessment results and recommend strategies for improvement.

 Accounting and reporting constitute a key pillar of an organised and transparent public financial management system in the public sector. The effectiveness of accounting and reporting reflects the integrity of financial data, the accuracy of in-year budget reports, and the quality of annual financial statements. In a recent Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) assessment, a local government had the following results:

  • Annual financial reporting: D
  • In-year budget report: D+
  • Financial data integrity: C

Required:
i) Explain the assessment performance to the Municipal Chief Executive of the local government.
ii) Recommend two strategies for improving the performance of the local government in each of the assessed areas.

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