Question Tag: Expense Recognition

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PSAF – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1- Preparation and presentation of financial statements for covered entities

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Hamile Teaching Hospital for 2023 per IPSAS and related regulations.

The Trial Balance below relates to Hamile Teaching Hospital, a public hospital.

Trial Balance for the year ended 31 December 2023
Debit Credit
GHc’000 GHc’000
Government subvention 100,750
Out-patient services fees 35,000
In-patient services fees 40,000
Development Partner grants (ii) 16,000
Established position salaries 62,000
Casual Labour 5,600
Contract appointment (local and foreign) 1,400
Limited engagements 200
Rent (iii) 500 150
Insurance 340
Consultancy services 120
Conferences, workshops and training 4,500
Purchase of drugs 60,000
Purchase of medical consumables 80,000
Office expenses 20,000
Repairs and maintenance 6,000
Interest on loan 10,000
Pharmacy sales 180,000
Diagnostic 85,000
Mortuary Services 9,400
Cafeteria and Canteen 4,650
Extension services 14,500
Furniture and office equipment (iv) 200,000 40,000
Medical equipment & accessories (iv & v) 420,000 120,000
Motor vehicles (iv) 120,000 20,000
Land and buildings (iv) 300,000 70,000
Bank and Cash 30,000
Receivable from National Health Insurance Scheme (vi) 65,000
Receivable from patients 15,000
Payables 26,000
Loan from foreign Institution (2028) (vii) 350,000
Inventory of drugs 22,000
Inventory of medical consumables 12,000
Accumulated Fund 336,210
Other expenses 13,000
1,447,660 1,447,660

Additional Information:
i) The hospital prepares its financial statements in accordance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921), the Public Financial Management Regulation 2019, L.I 2378, and the current Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.
ii) The Development Partner grants received from the Health Care Fund, an international organization that provides free medical care to the rural poor and vulnerable individuals, are typically unconditional. However, 40% of this year’s grant is subject to certain conditions, which had not been met as of December 31, 2023.
iii) Rent received in advance during the year amounted to GH¢20,000 while rent owed by the hospital for the year amounts to GH¢300,000.
iv) The hospital charges consumption of fixed assets on straight line basis as follows

Non-current Assets Estimated Useful Life
Furniture and office equipment 5 years
Medical equipment and accessories 4 years
Motor vehicles 5 years
Buildings 10 years

Land constitutes 30% of the amount of land and building shown in the trial balance.
v) A medical equipment valued at GH¢20,000,000 which is included in the medical equipment and accessories listed on the trial balance, was completely damaged due to consistent power fluctuations. The value of this equipment should be written off.
vi) The hospital submitted a claim of GH¢11,000,000 to the National Health Insurance Scheme for services provided to patients in the last quarter of 2023, but the payment has not yet been received. This transaction has not yet been reflected in the trial balance.
vii) The hospital took a loan of $100,000,000 from Health World Bank on January 1, 2023, when the exchange rate was $1 to GH¢3.50. The exchange rate on 31 December 2023 is $1 to GH¢5.
viii) The inventories on 31 December 2023 were as follows:

Inventory type Cost Net Realizable Value Current Replacement
GHc’000 GHc’000 GHc’000
Drugs 15,000 16,000 14,000
Medical consumables 10,000 11,000 9,000

Required:
Prepare for Hamile Teaching Hospital:
a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2023.

b) Statement of Financial Position as of 31 December 2023.

c) Disclosure notes to the financial statements.

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FR – Dec 2022 – L2 – Q5a – Intangible Assets Treatment for Employee Training

Analyze the treatment of employee training costs as an intangible asset under IAS 38.

Damba Ltd spent GH¢400,000 on training courses for its employees, which has resulted in increased efficiency and cost savings. The Assistant Accountant has recognized the training costs as an intangible asset and charged six months’ amortization based on the average time within which the training courses were completed.

Required:
Comment on the Assistant Accountant’s treatment of the aforementioned transaction in Damba Ltd’s financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022, and advise on how it should be handled under International Financial Reporting Standards.

 

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FA – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Accounting Concepts

Identify the accounting principle applied when treating small assets as expenses.

Habib Limited decided to treat ten stapling machines it acquired for ₦15,000 as expenses in its books. What principle of accounting did Habib rely on in this treatment?

A. Aggregation
B. Materiality
C. Going concern
D. Offsetting
E. Substance over form

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q2B – IFRS 2: Share-Based Payments

Account for the share-based payment scheme under IFRS 2 and prepare relevant extracts for profit or loss and statement of financial position.

On 1 April 2020, each of the seven (7) directors of Jantua Ltd received 16,000 share options as an award. Jantua Ltd prepares its accounts to 31 March each year. The condition attached to the award is that the directors must remain employed by Jantua Ltd for three years. The fair value of each option at the grant date was GH¢100 and the fair value of each option at 31 March 2022 was GH¢110. At 31 March 2021, it was estimated that two (2) directors would leave before the end of three years. Due to an economic upturn, the estimate of directors who were going to leave was revised to one (1) director at 31 March 2022. The expense for the year as regards the share options had not been included in profit or loss for the current year, and no director had left by 31 March 2022.

Required:
With reference to International Financial Reporting Standards, advise the directors on how to account for the above transactions of Jantua Ltd in its financial statements as at 31 March 2022.
(6 marks)

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PSAF – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1- Preparation and presentation of financial statements for covered entities

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Hamile Teaching Hospital for 2023 per IPSAS and related regulations.

The Trial Balance below relates to Hamile Teaching Hospital, a public hospital.

Trial Balance for the year ended 31 December 2023
Debit Credit
GHc’000 GHc’000
Government subvention 100,750
Out-patient services fees 35,000
In-patient services fees 40,000
Development Partner grants (ii) 16,000
Established position salaries 62,000
Casual Labour 5,600
Contract appointment (local and foreign) 1,400
Limited engagements 200
Rent (iii) 500 150
Insurance 340
Consultancy services 120
Conferences, workshops and training 4,500
Purchase of drugs 60,000
Purchase of medical consumables 80,000
Office expenses 20,000
Repairs and maintenance 6,000
Interest on loan 10,000
Pharmacy sales 180,000
Diagnostic 85,000
Mortuary Services 9,400
Cafeteria and Canteen 4,650
Extension services 14,500
Furniture and office equipment (iv) 200,000 40,000
Medical equipment & accessories (iv & v) 420,000 120,000
Motor vehicles (iv) 120,000 20,000
Land and buildings (iv) 300,000 70,000
Bank and Cash 30,000
Receivable from National Health Insurance Scheme (vi) 65,000
Receivable from patients 15,000
Payables 26,000
Loan from foreign Institution (2028) (vii) 350,000
Inventory of drugs 22,000
Inventory of medical consumables 12,000
Accumulated Fund 336,210
Other expenses 13,000
1,447,660 1,447,660

Additional Information:
i) The hospital prepares its financial statements in accordance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921), the Public Financial Management Regulation 2019, L.I 2378, and the current Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.
ii) The Development Partner grants received from the Health Care Fund, an international organization that provides free medical care to the rural poor and vulnerable individuals, are typically unconditional. However, 40% of this year’s grant is subject to certain conditions, which had not been met as of December 31, 2023.
iii) Rent received in advance during the year amounted to GH¢20,000 while rent owed by the hospital for the year amounts to GH¢300,000.
iv) The hospital charges consumption of fixed assets on straight line basis as follows

Non-current Assets Estimated Useful Life
Furniture and office equipment 5 years
Medical equipment and accessories 4 years
Motor vehicles 5 years
Buildings 10 years

Land constitutes 30% of the amount of land and building shown in the trial balance.
v) A medical equipment valued at GH¢20,000,000 which is included in the medical equipment and accessories listed on the trial balance, was completely damaged due to consistent power fluctuations. The value of this equipment should be written off.
vi) The hospital submitted a claim of GH¢11,000,000 to the National Health Insurance Scheme for services provided to patients in the last quarter of 2023, but the payment has not yet been received. This transaction has not yet been reflected in the trial balance.
vii) The hospital took a loan of $100,000,000 from Health World Bank on January 1, 2023, when the exchange rate was $1 to GH¢3.50. The exchange rate on 31 December 2023 is $1 to GH¢5.
viii) The inventories on 31 December 2023 were as follows:

Inventory type Cost Net Realizable Value Current Replacement
GHc’000 GHc’000 GHc’000
Drugs 15,000 16,000 14,000
Medical consumables 10,000 11,000 9,000

Required:
Prepare for Hamile Teaching Hospital:
a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2023.

b) Statement of Financial Position as of 31 December 2023.

c) Disclosure notes to the financial statements.

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FR – Dec 2022 – L2 – Q5a – Intangible Assets Treatment for Employee Training

Analyze the treatment of employee training costs as an intangible asset under IAS 38.

Damba Ltd spent GH¢400,000 on training courses for its employees, which has resulted in increased efficiency and cost savings. The Assistant Accountant has recognized the training costs as an intangible asset and charged six months’ amortization based on the average time within which the training courses were completed.

Required:
Comment on the Assistant Accountant’s treatment of the aforementioned transaction in Damba Ltd’s financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022, and advise on how it should be handled under International Financial Reporting Standards.

 

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FA – May 2022 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Accounting Concepts

Identify the accounting principle applied when treating small assets as expenses.

Habib Limited decided to treat ten stapling machines it acquired for ₦15,000 as expenses in its books. What principle of accounting did Habib rely on in this treatment?

A. Aggregation
B. Materiality
C. Going concern
D. Offsetting
E. Substance over form

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CR – July 2023 – L3 – Q2B – IFRS 2: Share-Based Payments

Account for the share-based payment scheme under IFRS 2 and prepare relevant extracts for profit or loss and statement of financial position.

On 1 April 2020, each of the seven (7) directors of Jantua Ltd received 16,000 share options as an award. Jantua Ltd prepares its accounts to 31 March each year. The condition attached to the award is that the directors must remain employed by Jantua Ltd for three years. The fair value of each option at the grant date was GH¢100 and the fair value of each option at 31 March 2022 was GH¢110. At 31 March 2021, it was estimated that two (2) directors would leave before the end of three years. Due to an economic upturn, the estimate of directors who were going to leave was revised to one (1) director at 31 March 2022. The expense for the year as regards the share options had not been included in profit or loss for the current year, and no director had left by 31 March 2022.

Required:
With reference to International Financial Reporting Standards, advise the directors on how to account for the above transactions of Jantua Ltd in its financial statements as at 31 March 2022.
(6 marks)

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