Question Tag: Audit Procedures

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

Lamsey Jewelers is a family-owned business specializing in high-end jewellery, located in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The company sources gold from various suppliers in the small-scale mining sector. Recently, the Minerals Commission received anonymous tips suggesting that Lamsey Jewelers may be involved in laundering money through its operations. Authorities suspect that the business could be used to conceal the origins of illicit funds through gold purchases and sales.

To investigate these suspicions, regulatory authorities have appointed Baba Yara and Associates, an independent auditing firm, to conduct a thorough review of Lamsey Jewelers’ operations and financial transactions. During the audit, Baba Yara and Associates discovered that Lamsey Jewelers has been accepting large cash payments for custom jewellery orders without conducting proper due diligence on the customers. Several transactions involving cash payments exceed typical retail amounts, raising suspicions of potential money laundering.

Required:

i) Discuss the key legal and regulatory requirements in Ghana related to anti-money laundering relevant to Lamsey Jewelers.

ii) Discuss the obligations placed on professional firms such as Baba Yara and Associates in relation to money laundering.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Substantive Testing of Accounts Receivable

Explain three substantive tests for verifying accounts receivable balance.

Baaba & Associates, an audit firm, is conducting a year-end audit of Rashida LTD. The audit team is particularly concerned about the accuracy of the accounts receivable balance reported on the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Therefore, as part of their audit procedures, they need to perform substantive tests to identify any material misstatements, errors, or fraud that could impact the accuracy of the financial statements.

Required:
Explain THREE substantive tests that the audit team at Baaba & Associates should perform to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the accuracy of Rashida LTD’s accounts receivable balance.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5a – Tests of Control and Methods for Testing Controls

Explain two tests of control and their corresponding methods of testing.

Oboshie Audit Firm has been engaged to audit the financial statements of Abakah Manufacturing LTD for the year ended December 31, 2023. During the planning phase of the audit, the audit team identified that Abakah Manufacturing LTD relies heavily on its internal control system to ensure the accuracy and completeness of its financial reporting.

Required:
i) Explain TWO tests of control to be performed by Oboshie Audit Firm to evaluate the effectiveness of Abakah Manufacturing LTD’s internal controls over its financial reporting.

ii) Identify a method that should be used under each test of control in (i) above.

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AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q6 – Audit Reporting

Discuss audit work and written representation letter for legal claims, outstanding balances, and investments.

Bob Removals Limited is a removals company. In the year ended December 31, 2015, the company made a trading profit of N800,000. You are the manager in charge of the audit.
The following issues have arisen:

(i) A customer is suing the company for N1 million for damage caused to antique furniture. The company is defending the claim and believes that the furniture was a reproduction as opposed to antique and therefore worth only N100,000.
(ii) A balance due from Safe Storage in respect of sub-contract work, of N300,000, has been outstanding for over six months. Your firm has been asked by Bob Removals’ accountant not to write to Safe Storage for direct confirmation of this amount as the latter company objects to such letters. You have been assured by the accountant that the relationship between the two companies is good and that the outstanding balance will be paid.
(iii) Bob Removals has recently invested in four new removal vans and is currently carrying out extensive refurbishment of its premises. As a result of this expenditure, the company has reached its overdraft limit of N500,000.

Required:

For each of the above issues:
a. State, with reasons, the audit work that you would expect to find when undertaking your review of the audit working papers for the year ended December 31, 2015.
b. Draft the relevant sections dealing with these issues of the written representation letter you would wish the directors to sign.

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AAA – May 2016 – L3 – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Auditing

Identify and discuss fraud and error in the audit of Badagry Yachting and Marina.

Badagry Yachting and Marina (BYM) have a marina on the West Coast of Nigeria and a large sales operation dealing in yachts and speedboats. You are responsible for the audit of BYM and have found some potential causes of concern that could indicate fraudulent activity or financial misconduct within the company. In particular:

(i) 30% of the yachts on sale by BYM are supplied through one of the major international boating companies with a special finance arrangement deal. However, BYM have also obtained separate finance on these yachts, which are therefore in effect being ‘double financed’.
(ii) Ten yachts shown as assets by BYM cannot be located, with no explanation other than that they have not been sold. These yachts are worth approximately N50 million.
(iii) Long delays have occurred in performing reconciliations, with the last four months of reconciliations still not completed. At the time of the last reconciliation, material differences had been identified upon which no action appears to have been undertaken.
(iv) Sales have been overstated by N100 million in the current financial statements.
The finance director has been off sick with stress for the last five months and therefore has not been available to discuss any of the issues identified.

Required:

a. Explain the difference between fraud and error and how the issues shown here could be categorised as fraud or error. (6 Marks)
b. Discuss the role of management and the role of the auditor in the prevention and detection of fraud and error. (3 Marks)
c. Describe what steps you would take to further investigate and then report on the matters referred to above. (6 Marks)

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AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Group Audits

Draft a memorandum describing challenges, procedures, and instructions for a group audit engagement involving subsidiaries and associates in different countries.

You are an Audit Senior in ABC firm of Chartered Accountants, a Pan-African audit firm. You just resumed from your examination leave and received the following email from Mrs. Chidi, an Audit Manager in your firm.

Dear Audu,

Welcome back from leave and best of luck in your examination.
We have just been appointed as financial statements auditors to Gbogbonise Plc., a conglomerate having its head office in Lagos. Our preliminary discussion with the group Chief Financial Officer (CFO) indicates that the company has five subsidiaries and two associates. One of the subsidiaries is incorporated and operates in Ghana while one of the associates is incorporated and operates in The Gambia. The other members of the group are incorporated and operate in Nigeria. The group operations cover automobiles, agriculture, and manufacturing.
We will be meeting with the audit committee in three weeks to present our audit plan and strategy for the assignment.

Required:

a. Challenges that may be encountered in this engagement. (5 Marks)

b. General procedures that may be performed on significant and non-significant components. (3 Marks)

c. Salient items to be included in the group audit instructions. (3 Marks)

d. Procedures to be performed relating to the consolidation of the group. (4 Marks)

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AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q4 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Analyze the auditor's objectives, implications of going concern assumptions, directors' responsibilities, and risk assessment for going concern status.

Itanforiti Publishers Limited has been in the printing and publishing business for many years in Ibadan. The company has been performing well with a competitive advantage over many companies in the industry as a result of the engagement of a high-profile team of personnel and in-house printing of its published books.

The board of directors comprises two brothers and their wives. The older brother is the chairman, and the younger, the managing director. The fortunes of the company started dwindling in 2013 when conflicts could no longer be resolved amicably among the members of the board of directors.

The chairman, being a majority shareholder, assumed executive powers by combining the roles hitherto played by the managing director with his own as executive chairman in 2015. Governance of the company became unsettled, and key staff of the organization started resigning in turn.

In 2016, the financial reports of the company revealed its inability to pay creditors, and the supply of raw materials became irregular. In addition, the level of receivables became too high with a significant figure of doubtful and irrecoverable debts.

Your firm acts as auditors to the company, and you have been presented with the financial statements for the year ended 31st December 2017, for audit. The financial statements were prepared on a going concern basis.

Required:
a. Identify and explain the objectives of the auditor in the area of going concern in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISA 570). (5 Marks)
b. Explain the going concern assumption and the implications for the financial statements if the entity is not a going concern. (5 Marks)
c. Explain the going concern duties of the directors. (3 Marks)
d. Evaluate the risk assessment procedures to be performed by the auditor on the going concern status of the entity. (ISA 570). (7 Marks)

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AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q6 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Evaluation of going concern issues at Wazobia Nigeria Limited and audit procedures to address identified risks.

Wazobia Nigeria Limited is a manufacturer of corrugated zinc roofs. Due to the economic recession, revenue continued to decline each year for the past three years. You are aware that the company had only N300,000 in cash at the year end. Extracts from the draft financial statements and other relevant information are given below.

Additional information:
(i) The bank loan was obtained in 2016 when the company started recording losses. The collateral for the loan is a fixed and floating charge on the assets of the company to the tune of the loan balance. The first tranche of repayment of the loan is due in 2019 and the amount repayable is N300 million.

(ii) Wazobia renegotiated its credit line with a major supplier and extended payment terms from 60 days to 90 days in order to improve working capital.

(iii) The terms for accessing the undrawn facilities stipulate that the company must meet certain covenants, including that interest cover is maintained at 2:1 and the ratio of bank loan to total assets does not exceed 1:1.

(iv) The contingent liability relates to litigation against the company by one of its customers for an alleged breach of contract to supply roofing sheets based on agreed specifications.

Required:
(a) Identify and explain the matters which may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern in the foreseeable future. (10 Marks)
(b) Recommend the appropriate audit procedures to be performed to adequately address the going concern matters identified. (10 Marks)

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AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q4 – Advanced Audit Planning and Strategy

Discussion of engagement letter elements, reasons for rejecting an engagement, procedures for new client acceptance, and opening balances audit.

As a Senior Manager in Inagbe and Co. (Chartered Accountants), you act as a mentor to some of the young auditors in practice. As a mentor, you discuss frequently with your young mentees on professional and personal matters. Zainab Nigeria Limited is a cosmetics company and has just recently appointed Inagbe and Co. as its auditor. One of your young mentees has been asked to be part of the engagement team. The mentee has come to you for some advice and you decided to use the opportunity to explain the process and procedures to be carried out when accepting a new engagement.

Required:

(a) Explain the elements of an engagement letter. (7 Marks)
(b) Discuss the circumstances under which an auditor may reject an audit engagement. (3 Marks)
(c) Discuss the procedures that an audit firm needs to carry out before accepting to audit a new client. (4 Marks)
(d) Explain the audit procedures that should be carried out on opening balances. (6 Marks)

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AAA – May 2021 – L3 – Q3 – Audit Completion and Final Review

Evaluation of audit evidence sufficiency, recommendations for further procedures, and reporting internal control deficiencies in accordance with ISA 265.

You are the manager responsible for the audit of Seraphim Nigeria Limited, a manufacturing company which produces biscuits. The company’s financial year ended on December 31, 2018, and you are reviewing the audit work which was completed on a number of material balances and transactions: assets held for sale, capital expenditure, and payroll expenses.

A summary of the audit procedures carried out by the audit team is given below:

(i) Provision for Restructuring:
The board approved changes in the management structure of the company. The directors determined that the company was ‘top heavy’ and decided that 80% of the middle management staff should be laid off. The Finance Director had estimated the cost of the restructuring to be N180 million and a manual journal has been posted to record a provision for restructuring costs. The Finance Director has overridden the segregation of duties control by posting this journal and approving it himself. He told the team that he had done it because he wanted to preserve the confidentiality of the transaction. The audit team discussed the planned restructuring with the Managing Director (MD). The audit team relied on the discussions with the MD and the board resolution approving the restructuring as audit evidence.

(ii) Investments:
The company’s investments trading portfolio is outsourced to a fund manager – Hala Funds Management Limited, which processed all trades done by the company. The investments balance and income on investments recorded in the financial statements have been traced and agreed to year-end reports from the service organization. The audit team relied on the reports from the fund manager which was given to them by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the company.

Based on discussions, the audit team determined that the CFO had not classified the investments in line with the requirements of IFRS 9, and the interest income on its bonds investment was computed using the contractual rate.

The company made some investments directly without passing them through the fund manager, which is not in line with the company’s policy. The audit team traced and agreed those transactions to the bank statement. The amounts of investments made directly without involving the fund manager were not considered material.

Required:
For each of the two matters described above:
(a) Comment on the sufficiency and appropriateness of the audit evidence obtained. (10 Marks)
(b) Recommend further audit procedures to be performed by the audit team. (8 Marks)
(c) Explain the matters which should be included in a report in accordance with ISA 265: Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Controls to Those Charged with Governance and Management. (2 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q5 – Review of Subsequent Events and Going Concern Assumptions

Outline audit procedures to identify material subsequent events and explain the purpose and importance of subsequent events review.

You have just concluded the audit of Roico Limited for the year ended 31 December, 2012. During the review of the working paper file, the partner in charge discovered that no information is available on activities after year-end. The partner instructed the team leader to carry out a review of the company’s activities after year-end. The team leader was not comfortable with the instruction and wants to know why it is necessary to examine accounting information relating to the next accounting period.

You are required to:

(a) Enumerate the audit procedures which would be carried out in order to identify any material subsequent events. (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the purpose and importance of subsequent events review. (5 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit Planning and Strategy

Outline reasons for audit planning and describe procedures for planning the audit of an existing client.

Planning an audit involves establishing the overall audit strategy for the engagement and development of an audit plan.

You are required to:

(a) Enumerate SEVEN reasons for audit planning. (7 Marks)

(b) Explain EIGHT audit procedures you would consider in planning the audit of an existing client. (8 Marks)

(Total: 15 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q9 – Quality Control in Audit Firms

Identifies the type of review conducted by a partner or manager for compliance with standards.

A review by a partner or manager to ensure that the form and content of the financial statements are in accordance with accounting standards, CAMA CAPC20 LFN 2004 and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), where applicable is ………………….. Review.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q7 – Audit of Specialized Industries

Addresses the accounting practices of farmers and incomplete record-keeping.

Farmers usually operate as …………………, in which case they keep incomplete records.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q4 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Identifies the computer file used to record and maintain payroll transactions and cumulative data.

 A computer file for recording payroll transactions for each employee and maintaining total employee salaries paid and related data for the year to date is called……………………………

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q3 – Audit Evidence

Explores the type of confirmation sent directly to a debtor for balance verification.

A letter addressed to the debtor, requesting that the recipient indicate directly on the letter whether the stated account balance is correct, and if incorrect by what amount is………………………….confirmation.

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AAA – May 2022 – L3 – Q3 – Audit of Prospective Financial Information

Discuss auditor assurance work on prospective financial information, cash flow forecast procedures, and forming an opinion on PFI.

Tijara Nigeria Limited has a credit facility of N6 million with Godiya Bank. The facility was due to expire on December 31, 2021. The overdraft in the recently audited statement of financial position as at September 30, 2021 is N5.5 million. The directors of Tijara have started negotiations with their bankers for a renewal of the facility and to increase the amount to N9 million. To support this request, the bank has asked Tijara to provide a business plan for the coming twelve months consisting of a cash flow forecast supported by a forecast income statement and statement of financial position.

The management of Tijara has produced a cash flow forecast for the period October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022, and, at the request of the bank, has asked an auditor to examine and report on it.

The Audit Manager, who has recently completed Tijara’s audit, has been asked to make a preliminary examination of the cash flow forecast and supporting materials. The manager has made the following observations:

  1. The cash flows from sales are based on the assumption of an overall increase in sales of 24% compared to the previous financial year. Analysis shows that this is based on an increase in selling price of 5% and an increase in the volume of sales of 18%. Just over a quarter of all Tijara sales are made to foreign customers.
  2. The cost of sales in the recently audited comprehensive income to September 30, 2021, was 80% of sales revenue, giving a gross profit of 20%. In the forecast income statement for the year to September 30, 2022, the cost of sales has fallen to 72%, giving a gross profit of 28%. Manufacturing costs are made up of equal proportions of materials, labor, and production overheads.
  3. The trade receivables collection period used in the cash flow forecast to September 30, 2022, is 61 days. In the year to September 30, 2021, this period averaged 93 days. Management has stated that it is its intention to inform all customers of a new standard 60-day credit period. In addition, an early settlement discount of 1% will apply to customers who settle their accounts within 30 days of the statement. Conversely, the credit period for trade payables has been extended from an average of 45 days in the current year to 90 days in the forecast.
  4. The cash flow forecast showed that the maximum credit required during the period would rise to nearly N9 million in August 2022.

Required:

a. Describe the general approach to the assurance work an auditor should consider before accepting the engagement of a reporting accountant on Prospective Financial Information (PFI) under ISAE 3400: The Examination of Prospective Financial Information. (8 Marks)

b. Detail the procedures applicable to the cash flow forecast of Tijara for the year to September 30, 2022. (7 Marks)

c. Prepare a summarized presentation of what the reporting accountant should consider in forming an opinion on prospective financial information (PFI). (5 Marks)

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AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Completion and Final Review

Discuss reasons for reviewing predecessor auditor’s work, audit procedures for sufficient evidence, and actions for insufficient audit evidence.

Vigo Microfinance Bank Limited was incorporated on July 1, 2014, as a public limited company under the Companies and Allied Matters Act. The bank obtained a Microfinance banking license from the Central Bank on August 5, 2015, to operate on a nationwide basis and commenced business operation on September 5, 2015. The bank’s principal business is to provide microfinance banking and related services to the poor and underserved segment of society to alleviate poverty under the Microfinance Institutions Ordinance.

In 2019, the bank decided to convert to a commercial bank and commenced business operations on August 10, 2019, after final approval from the regulator. As of December 31, 2019, the bank had five branches (2016: 24) in the Federal Capital and four other major geopolitical zones in the country.

With the new commercial banking license, the bank employed the services of F.K. George Professional Services to audit its financial statements. As part of the activities to be carried out on the initial engagement, the external auditors began a review of the books of account of the predecessor auditor, and the following issues emerged:

  1. Some property, plant, and equipment in the books of account and prior year financial statements had negative net carrying amounts.
  2. The basis for impairment included in prior year financial statements regarding loans and advances could not be established from the working papers.
  3. A material amount of pre-operating expenses included in receivables schedules could not be satisfactorily explained.
  4. Audit work performed on interest income in the prior year was not supported by sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
  5. Details of outstanding tax liabilities could not be provided, as the amount in the financial statements was the figure supplied by the tax consultant, and not reviewed by the former external auditor.
  6. There was no satisfactory explanation for nil balances in prior year financial statements on contingent liabilities, as no evidence existed that requests for confirmation were made from solicitors of the bank.
  7. Details of contraventions included in the examiner’s report were not considered for disclosures in the financial statements.

The Central Bank is requesting the financial statements of the bank, and management is worried about delays in releasing the financial statements by the new external auditors despite several notifications and reminders.

The Chief Finance Officer of the bank complained to you, as a member of the engagement team, about the delay in concluding the audit. He argued that your firm should not be concerned about prior period financial statement issues, as your firm did not express an opinion on them. Furthermore, the responsibility for the financial statements lies with the board of directors.

Required:

(a) Discuss why your firm needs to carry out the above exercise. (3 Marks)

(b) Analyze the nature and extent of audit procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence. (8 Marks)

(c) Evaluate what your firm might likely do in case of inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence from the exercise. (4 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q5 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

Identify steps and procedural actions auditors take under ISA 250 to ensure compliance with laws and regulations.

In compliance with ISA 250 “Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements,” the auditor shall conduct the audit in a manner that gives them confidence that the client has met all legal requirements of the country in which it operates.

As the Audit Partner in charge of APB Manufacturing Plc, you are required to:

a. Identify and clarify SIX steps that ISA 250 requires of you in ascertaining that the company complies with all applicable laws and regulations. (9 Marks)
b. State and explain FOUR procedural actions you will take in the event that the company failed to comply, in material areas, with applicable laws and regulations. (6 Marks)

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