Question Tag: Audit evidence

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Procedures for Long-term Loan in Ecowud Co. LTD

Audit procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence for a long-term loan.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company operates across Ghana and West Africa and has secured a GH¢3.5 million long-term loan as part of its financial restructuring. The loan agreement has bank-imposed financial conditions, including maintaining a minimum total asset level. If these conditions are breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

As part of the audit procedures, you are required to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the GH¢3.5 million long-term loan.

Required:
Describe FIVE audit procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence in relation to the long-term loan of GH¢3.5 million.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q5b – Substantive Testing of Accounts Receivable

Explain three substantive tests for verifying accounts receivable balance.

Baaba & Associates, an audit firm, is conducting a year-end audit of Rashida LTD. The audit team is particularly concerned about the accuracy of the accounts receivable balance reported on the statement of financial position as of December 31, 2023. Therefore, as part of their audit procedures, they need to perform substantive tests to identify any material misstatements, errors, or fraud that could impact the accuracy of the financial statements.

Required:
Explain THREE substantive tests that the audit team at Baaba & Associates should perform to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the accuracy of Rashida LTD’s accounts receivable balance.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3b – Audit Assertions for the Income Statement

Explain two key audit assertions for the income statement.

Audit assertions are claims made by management regarding the accuracy and completeness of various elements of financial statements. These assertions are used by auditors to develop audit procedures and gather evidence to support their audit opinion. Assertions are categorised into those related to the income statement and those related to the statement of financial position.

Required:
Explain TWO key Audit Assertions for the Income Statement.

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AA – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q3a – Management’s Expert and Audit Evidence

Explain the term "management’s expert" and four factors to consider before relying on their work as audit evidence.

Question:
ISA 500: Audit Evidence provides guidance for auditors intending to rely on the work of a management’s expert. If the information to be used as audit evidence has been prepared using the work of a management’s expert, the auditor must evaluate the management’s expert.

Required:
i) Explain the term “management’s expert.” 
ii) Explain FOUR factors to consider before relying on the work of a management’s expert as audit evidence.

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AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q3c – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Provide examples of internal audit reports used by external auditors.

Give THREE examples of internal audit activity reports that might be used by the external auditor. (6 Marks)

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AAA – May 2019 – L3 – Q6 – Audit Reporting

Assess the impact of lost audit journals, actions required under ISA 570, and communication duties of auditors.

During the recent audit of Ogundu Commercial Limited, a privately owned trading company, you discovered that the former chief accountant resigned immediately after the conclusion and approval of the previous audited financial statements. The new chief accountant came in during the month of May and was working at familiarizing himself with the systems and financial operations of the company; and also ensuring that the accounting records are ready for the board of directors’ quarterly meetings and finalizing the accounts for the next audit.

Due to the pressure of work, the chief accountant lost part of the journals raised by the previous auditors but proceeded to finalize the accounts. This resulted in least expected financial performance for the year. The previous auditor is a sole practitioner and is now deceased.

The directors are concerned because the financial statements would be used to seek facilities from banks. The success or otherwise of the facility will impact the operations of the company and may lead to a reduction in both operation and staff engagement.

Required:
a. Evaluate the effect of the loss of the audit journals on the financial statements and the factors you would consider, as auditors, in drafting your report. (5 Marks)
b. In accordance with ISA 570, evaluate the actions required of the auditors in relation to the observed misstatement. (5 Marks)
c. Discuss the content of the communication expected of the auditors to the client before and after the audit, other than the auditors’ report. (5 Marks)

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q15 – Audit Reporting

Determine the audit opinion expressed when there is an extreme scope limitation and insufficient audit evidence.

Opinion expressed when the possible effect of a limitation on scope is an extreme case and the auditor has not been able to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence and accordingly is unable to express an opinion on the financial report is………………..opinion.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q3 – Audit Evidence

Explores the type of confirmation sent directly to a debtor for balance verification.

A letter addressed to the debtor, requesting that the recipient indicate directly on the letter whether the stated account balance is correct, and if incorrect by what amount is………………………….confirmation.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – AII – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Audit Evidence, Balance Confirmation, Reporting Dates, Discrepancy, Fraud

A reported difference in a confirmation of balances by a debtor to a client due to different reporting date but not due to misstatement or fraud is known as………………….

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AAA – May 2023 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Completion and Final Review

Discuss reasons for reviewing predecessor auditor’s work, audit procedures for sufficient evidence, and actions for insufficient audit evidence.

Vigo Microfinance Bank Limited was incorporated on July 1, 2014, as a public limited company under the Companies and Allied Matters Act. The bank obtained a Microfinance banking license from the Central Bank on August 5, 2015, to operate on a nationwide basis and commenced business operation on September 5, 2015. The bank’s principal business is to provide microfinance banking and related services to the poor and underserved segment of society to alleviate poverty under the Microfinance Institutions Ordinance.

In 2019, the bank decided to convert to a commercial bank and commenced business operations on August 10, 2019, after final approval from the regulator. As of December 31, 2019, the bank had five branches (2016: 24) in the Federal Capital and four other major geopolitical zones in the country.

With the new commercial banking license, the bank employed the services of F.K. George Professional Services to audit its financial statements. As part of the activities to be carried out on the initial engagement, the external auditors began a review of the books of account of the predecessor auditor, and the following issues emerged:

  1. Some property, plant, and equipment in the books of account and prior year financial statements had negative net carrying amounts.
  2. The basis for impairment included in prior year financial statements regarding loans and advances could not be established from the working papers.
  3. A material amount of pre-operating expenses included in receivables schedules could not be satisfactorily explained.
  4. Audit work performed on interest income in the prior year was not supported by sufficient appropriate audit evidence.
  5. Details of outstanding tax liabilities could not be provided, as the amount in the financial statements was the figure supplied by the tax consultant, and not reviewed by the former external auditor.
  6. There was no satisfactory explanation for nil balances in prior year financial statements on contingent liabilities, as no evidence existed that requests for confirmation were made from solicitors of the bank.
  7. Details of contraventions included in the examiner’s report were not considered for disclosures in the financial statements.

The Central Bank is requesting the financial statements of the bank, and management is worried about delays in releasing the financial statements by the new external auditors despite several notifications and reminders.

The Chief Finance Officer of the bank complained to you, as a member of the engagement team, about the delay in concluding the audit. He argued that your firm should not be concerned about prior period financial statement issues, as your firm did not express an opinion on them. Furthermore, the responsibility for the financial statements lies with the board of directors.

Required:

(a) Discuss why your firm needs to carry out the above exercise. (3 Marks)

(b) Analyze the nature and extent of audit procedures necessary to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence. (8 Marks)

(c) Evaluate what your firm might likely do in case of inability to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence from the exercise. (4 Marks)

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AA – May 2023 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Audit Evidence

Explaining objectives and steps in obtaining written representation and handling contradictions in audit evidence.

Promise and Treasure are two good childhood friends. After their secondary education, Promise traveled abroad to further his education and obtained his degrees there. Treasure attended a university in Nigeria and graduated with a second-class lower degree. During his time abroad, Promise met some foreign associates and decided to start a company in Nigeria with Treasure.

The company, named Promise and Treasure Company Nigeria Limited, specializes in importing steel products with future plans to set up a local factory. The first-year accounts were prepared as of December 31, 2020. Your firm has been appointed as auditors for the company. Upon completing the audit, you requested a written representation from management. The Managing Director found this request unusual, as he believed all necessary information and documents had already been provided.

Required:

a. Explain to the Managing Director the objectives of the auditor in obtaining a written representation as per ISA 580. (4 Marks)

b. State the steps the auditor should take if a representation by management is contradicted by other audit evidence. (6 Marks)

c. State THREE matters that are required of management in the letter of representation in line with ISA 580, requiring specific representation from management. (3 Marks)

d. Highlight SEVEN aspects of the form and contents of a letter of representation. (14 Marks)

e. State the steps the auditor should take if management refuses to provide the requested written representation. (3 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3a – Internal Control Systems

Discussing the auditor's duties before, during, and after an inventory count.

You are the auditor of a Fast Food Company with many sales outlets. The company operates a central system of purchase and supply. The Goods Received Notes and Delivery Notes were not given utmost importance in the issuing and receiving of inventories. The suppliers’ ledger, stores’ ledger, and bin cards were not updated regularly. The outlet managers often complained of short supplies and shortages recorded against them regularly. Two of the outlet managers even complained directly to the Managing Director of the company concerning the shortages recently recorded against them. As a first step to solving the inherent weakness in the company’s inventory control process, management decided to undertake a physical inventory count.

Required:
a. Itemize the duties of the auditor in relation to inventories count under the following headings:
i. Before the count.
ii. During the count.
iii. After the count. (9 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Explaining the concept of audit evidence, its importance, and describing its sources and attributes.

a. The objective of an audit is for the auditor to express an opinion on the truth and fairness of the financial statements. In the performance of his duty, the auditor seeks to obtain acceptable evidence necessary for him to draw conclusions in order to express a valid opinion on the financial statements.
Required:
i. Describe audit evidence and justify why the auditor would require such evidence. (4 Marks)

b. Identify FOUR sources of audit evidence and illustrate how these sources would affect the auditor’s reliance on the evidence. (10 Marks)

c. Describe THREE attributes of audit evidence. (6 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q4 – Audit Documentation

This question covers the need for a letter of representation, its content, and steps to be taken when management refuses to sign the letter.

Polyet Nigeria Plc is into the manufacture of plastic materials. It has its factory in Apapa, Lagos, with distribution outlets spread across the country. A new Managing Director, Mr. KO has just been appointed. Shortly after the new Managing Director was appointed, your firm concluded the audit of the Company’s Financial Statements. A request was made from the newly engaged Managing Director for a letter of representation. He informs you in no uncertain terms that the company engaged you as the auditor to take responsibilities for your audit opinion, and that he is not ready to repeat in writing the information that the Chief Finance Officer, other accounting staff, and himself provided to you during the audit exercise. You tried to explain to him that it is standard practice to request a letter of representation from the Management, but he remained adamant.

Required:
a. Explain the need for the auditor to obtain a letter of representation from the management. (5 Marks)
b. Itemise TEN contents of a Letter of Representation. (10 Marks)
c. What steps should you take as the auditor if the Managing Director still persists in his refusal to sign the letter? (5 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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AA – May 2018 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

This question addresses the auditor’s determination of sufficient and reliable audit evidence as required by ISA 500.

The auditor is required by ISA 500 to design and perform appropriate audit procedures for obtaining sufficient and appropriate audit evidence.

Required: a. Explain briefly THREE factors that an auditor will consider in determining what constitutes sufficient audit evidence. (6 Marks) b. Explain briefly TWO principles that would assist an auditor in assessing the reliability of the audit evidence. (4 Marks) c. Describe FOUR principles that would assist an auditor in assessing the relevance of audit evidence. (10 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q7 – Auditing in a Computerized Environment

Explains the conditions for a systems-based approach, CAATs, major transaction cycles, and elements of sales systems.

The auditor takes a systems-based approach wherever possible and focuses on testing the systems and internal controls that produce the financial reporting figures of an organization rather than focusing on the figures themselves. Specialised techniques of obtaining audit evidence may be required by the auditors in an organization where the systems are Information Technology (IT) based.

Required:

a. Explain the TWO conditions that are necessary before the auditor can adopt a systems-based approach to audit assignment. (2 Marks)

b. Explain the term Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) and its disadvantages. (7 Marks)

c. Explain the term “Major Transaction Cycles” of an organization that the auditor should focus much of his audit work. (3 Marks)

d. State the elements of the sales system of an organization that the auditor should apply tests of controls. (3 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q3 – Internal Audits

Discuss audit considerations for Youthplus, a Not-for-Profit Organisation.

Youthplus is a Not-for-Profit Organisation (NFPO) established by well-meaning Nigerians. The aims and objectives of the NFPO include raising funds to assist youth corpers who, after their service, are unable to secure employment, to start small-scale businesses instead of waiting for white-collar jobs that are not in existence. NFPO solicits funds from the public, private, and foreign organisations. Youthplus has been in existence for five years, and your firm has been appointed as their auditors.

Required:
What factors would you put into consideration when carrying out the audit of Youthplus in the following areas?
a. Planning (4 Marks)
b. Risk (4 Marks)
c. Internal control (4 Marks)
d. Audit evidence (4 Marks)
e. Reporting (4 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Audit Evidence

Discuss characteristics of good audit evidence and testing procedures for gathering it.

ISA 500 on audit evidence sets out the objective of the auditor is to design and perform audit procedures in such a way to enable him to:
(i) Obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence
(ii) Draw reasonable conclusions
(iii) Base his audit opinion

Required:
a. Identify THREE characteristics of a good audit evidence. (3 Marks)
b. List and explain briefly FIVE testing procedures for gathering audit evidence. (10 Marks)
c. What factors will the auditor consider when assessing the reliability of audit evidence? (7 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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AA – May 2019 – L2 – Q5 – Audit Evidence

Justification for requiring confirmations of receivables, payables, and bank balances, and contents of confirmation letters.

In the course of an audit assignment, an auditor requires an independent and external confirmation for the following items:

  • Receivables
  • Payables
  • Bank Balances

You are required to:

a. Justify the need for confirmation in respect of the items listed above. (9 Marks)

b. State the contents of each of the letters sent to request for confirmation in TWO of the items stated above. (6 Marks)

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AA – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Audit Evidence

Explains the factors auditors consider for sufficient evidence, reliability principles, and steps to take when audit evidence is insufficient.

The auditor is required by ISA 500 to design and perform appropriate audit procedures for obtaining sufficient and appropriate audit evidence.

Required:
a. Identify five factors that an auditor will consider in determining what constitutes sufficient audit evidence.
(5 Marks)

b. Explain five principles that would assist the auditor in assessing the reliability of audit evidence.
(5 Marks)

c. What steps must the auditor take if he discovers that the evidence obtained is insufficient to form an opinion?
(5 Marks)

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