Question Tag: Accrual Accounting

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PSAF – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1- Preparation and presentation of financial statements for covered entities

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Hamile Teaching Hospital for 2023 per IPSAS and related regulations.

The Trial Balance below relates to Hamile Teaching Hospital, a public hospital.

Trial Balance for the year ended 31 December 2023
Debit Credit
GHc’000 GHc’000
Government subvention 100,750
Out-patient services fees 35,000
In-patient services fees 40,000
Development Partner grants (ii) 16,000
Established position salaries 62,000
Casual Labour 5,600
Contract appointment (local and foreign) 1,400
Limited engagements 200
Rent (iii) 500 150
Insurance 340
Consultancy services 120
Conferences, workshops and training 4,500
Purchase of drugs 60,000
Purchase of medical consumables 80,000
Office expenses 20,000
Repairs and maintenance 6,000
Interest on loan 10,000
Pharmacy sales 180,000
Diagnostic 85,000
Mortuary Services 9,400
Cafeteria and Canteen 4,650
Extension services 14,500
Furniture and office equipment (iv) 200,000 40,000
Medical equipment & accessories (iv & v) 420,000 120,000
Motor vehicles (iv) 120,000 20,000
Land and buildings (iv) 300,000 70,000
Bank and Cash 30,000
Receivable from National Health Insurance Scheme (vi) 65,000
Receivable from patients 15,000
Payables 26,000
Loan from foreign Institution (2028) (vii) 350,000
Inventory of drugs 22,000
Inventory of medical consumables 12,000
Accumulated Fund 336,210
Other expenses 13,000
1,447,660 1,447,660

Additional Information:
i) The hospital prepares its financial statements in accordance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921), the Public Financial Management Regulation 2019, L.I 2378, and the current Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.
ii) The Development Partner grants received from the Health Care Fund, an international organization that provides free medical care to the rural poor and vulnerable individuals, are typically unconditional. However, 40% of this year’s grant is subject to certain conditions, which had not been met as of December 31, 2023.
iii) Rent received in advance during the year amounted to GH¢20,000 while rent owed by the hospital for the year amounts to GH¢300,000.
iv) The hospital charges consumption of fixed assets on straight line basis as follows

Non-current Assets Estimated Useful Life
Furniture and office equipment 5 years
Medical equipment and accessories 4 years
Motor vehicles 5 years
Buildings 10 years

Land constitutes 30% of the amount of land and building shown in the trial balance.
v) A medical equipment valued at GH¢20,000,000 which is included in the medical equipment and accessories listed on the trial balance, was completely damaged due to consistent power fluctuations. The value of this equipment should be written off.
vi) The hospital submitted a claim of GH¢11,000,000 to the National Health Insurance Scheme for services provided to patients in the last quarter of 2023, but the payment has not yet been received. This transaction has not yet been reflected in the trial balance.
vii) The hospital took a loan of $100,000,000 from Health World Bank on January 1, 2023, when the exchange rate was $1 to GH¢3.50. The exchange rate on 31 December 2023 is $1 to GH¢5.
viii) The inventories on 31 December 2023 were as follows:

Inventory type Cost Net Realizable Value Current Replacement
GHc’000 GHc’000 GHc’000
Drugs 15,000 16,000 14,000
Medical consumables 10,000 11,000 9,000

Required:
Prepare for Hamile Teaching Hospital:
a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2023.

b) Statement of Financial Position as of 31 December 2023.

c) Disclosure notes to the financial statements.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS and government regulations.

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position of Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Financial Statements Preparation

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital following IPSAS guidelines.

Below is a Trial Balance of Paja Teaching Hospital (PTH) under the Ministry of Health for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Debit (GH¢000) Credit (GH¢000)
Cash and Bank – GoG 3,400
Cash and Bank – IGF 72,200
Cash and Bank – Donor Funds 210,400
Undeposited Cash – IGF 4,000
Petty Cash 100
Investments 2,000
Debtors 661,400
Other Receivables 17,700
Withholding Tax
Trust Funds
Trade Payables
GoG Subsidy – Employee Compensation
GoG Subsidy – Goods & Services
Development Partners Programmes Receipt
Other Non-Operating Income
Medicines & Pharmaceuticals 433,900
Surgical 50,800
Medical 111,400
Investigation 140,900
OPD 238,400
Obstetrics and Gynaecology 135,300
Dental 8,300
Pediatrics 40,300
Ear, Nose & Throat 5,300
Eye Care 7,300
Mortuary 30,000
Ambulance Fees 300
Ophthalmology 3,000
Physiotherapy 3,300
Examination Fees 200
Dialysis 400
Feeding 30,400
Employee Compensation – GoG 3,912,500
Goods & Services – GoG 20,800
Employee Compensation – IGF 148,000
Goods & Services – IGF 978,500
Capital Expenditure – IGF 27,500
Goods & Services – Partners Fund 472,400
Accumulated Fund
Total 6,530,900

Additional Information:

  1. The hospital previously used modified accrual accounting but switched to IPSAS accrual basis in 2023.
  2. The hospital revalued legacy assets as follows:
    • Motor Vehicles: GH¢50,250,000
    • Buildings: GH¢120,540,000
    • Medical Equipment & Other Equipment: GH¢31,500,000
    • Land: GH¢15,000,000
  3. Gavi supported the hospital with GH¢200,000,000 in 2023, but 20% was allocated for Q1 of 2024. The Global Fund committed GH¢250,000,000, but only GH¢200,000,000 was received.
  4. NHIA rejected 10% of the hospital’s total claims of GH¢100,300,000.
  5. Parliament approved a write-off of GH¢20,225,000 for unpaid hospital services.
  6. The capital expenditure consists of:
    • Medical Equipment: GH¢19,236,000
    • Furniture & Fittings: GH¢8,264,000
  7. Depreciation Policy (Straight-Line Basis):
    • Building: 5%
    • Motor Vehicle: 20%
    • Medical Equipment: 10%
    • Furniture & Fitting: 25%
  8. Year-end inventory values:
Inventory Type Cost (GH¢000) Replacement Cost (GH¢000) Net Realisable Value (GH¢000)
Medicines (for resale) 146,800 176,100 132,100
Medical Consumables (For use on clients) 29,400 33,800 30,800
Office Consumables 19,600 29,400 18,600

Required:

In compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Government of Ghana Chart of Accounts, prepare:
a) A Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question discusses the benefits of adopting IPSAS in public sector accounting, focusing on transparency, accountability, and credibility improvements.

Enumerate any FOUR benefits in the adoption of Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).

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PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question outlines the benefits of migrating from IPSAS-CASH to IPSAS-ACCRUAL basis for public sector accounting.

In an effort to promote accountability and transparency in governance, the
administration has adopted and implemented the International Public Sector
Accounting Standards (IPSAS) from January 2014. The governments (Federal, State,
Local) and other public institutions adopted IPSAS in the reporting and presentation
of financial statements to improve the quality and comparability of financial
information, and to be in conformity with other advanced nations of the world. IPSASCASH is already adopted in the budgeting, accounting and presentation of financial
statements, while IPSAS-ACCRUAL takes effect from January 2016.
You are required to:

Identify any SIX benefits of migration from IPSAS-CASH basis to IPSAS ACCRUAL basis.

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FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6c – Bases of Accounting: Accrual vs. Cash

Prepare the Rental Income Account to recognize rent in the profit or loss.

D’favour owns several properties in Lagos that are let out to tenants. The summary of transactions at December 31, 2014, is given below:

Item N’000
Accrued rent at December 31, 2013 440
Prepaid rent at December 31, 2013 250
Rent received during 2014 2,550
Accrued rent at December 31, 2014 350
Prepaid rent at December 31, 2014 480
Uncollectable rent to be written-off 35
Agreement fee received 50

Required:
Prepare the Rental Income Account to determine the amount of rent to be recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss. (8 Marks)

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FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Bases of Accounting: Accrual vs. Cash

Calculate rent recognized for profit or loss and financial position as of March 31, 2014.

Oluyemi Ventures prepares its financial statements to March 31 each year. The business pays rent quarterly in advance on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 each year. The annual rent is N600,000. On June 30, 2013, the rent was increased to N900,000 per annum.

Required:
i. Calculate the amount of rent that will be recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended March 31, 2014. (3 Marks)
ii. Calculate the amount to be recognized in the Statement of Financial Position as at March 31, 2014. (1 Mark)

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FA – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q18 – Accounting Concepts

Identifying the accounting concept that governs recognizing transactions in the period they occur.

Accounting for the effects of transactions and other events and circumstances on a reporting entity’s economic resources and claims in the period in which those effects occur, even if the resulting cash receipts and payments occur in a different period, is governed by which of the following accounting concepts?

A. Cash basis
B. Accrual
C. Matching
D. Consistency
E. Going concern

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FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Accounting Treatment for Accruals and Prepayments

Concerns the treatment of rent received for 12 months over two financial periods.

On June 1, 2015, Nkiwe Enterprises received a rent of N240,000 for 12 months to May 31, 2016. The reporting date of Nkiwe is December 31. What are the entries in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended, and statement of financial position as at, December 31, 2015?

Profit or loss Statement of financial position
N N
A. 100,000 income 140,000 liability
B. 100,000 expenses 140,000 asset
C. 140,000 income 100,000 liability
D. 140,000 expenses 100,000 asset
E. 240,000 income no entry

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FA – May 2024 – L1 – SA – Q1 – Accounting Concepts

Identifies the accounting concept related to prepaid and accrued expenses adjustments.

In the process of drawing up financial statements, adjustments are made for prepaid expenses and accrued expenses in order to comply with which fundamental accounting concept?

A. Matching
B. Prudency
C. Aggregation
D. Accrual
E. Consistency

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PSAF – Mar 2025 – L2 – Q1- Preparation and presentation of financial statements for covered entities

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Hamile Teaching Hospital for 2023 per IPSAS and related regulations.

The Trial Balance below relates to Hamile Teaching Hospital, a public hospital.

Trial Balance for the year ended 31 December 2023
Debit Credit
GHc’000 GHc’000
Government subvention 100,750
Out-patient services fees 35,000
In-patient services fees 40,000
Development Partner grants (ii) 16,000
Established position salaries 62,000
Casual Labour 5,600
Contract appointment (local and foreign) 1,400
Limited engagements 200
Rent (iii) 500 150
Insurance 340
Consultancy services 120
Conferences, workshops and training 4,500
Purchase of drugs 60,000
Purchase of medical consumables 80,000
Office expenses 20,000
Repairs and maintenance 6,000
Interest on loan 10,000
Pharmacy sales 180,000
Diagnostic 85,000
Mortuary Services 9,400
Cafeteria and Canteen 4,650
Extension services 14,500
Furniture and office equipment (iv) 200,000 40,000
Medical equipment & accessories (iv & v) 420,000 120,000
Motor vehicles (iv) 120,000 20,000
Land and buildings (iv) 300,000 70,000
Bank and Cash 30,000
Receivable from National Health Insurance Scheme (vi) 65,000
Receivable from patients 15,000
Payables 26,000
Loan from foreign Institution (2028) (vii) 350,000
Inventory of drugs 22,000
Inventory of medical consumables 12,000
Accumulated Fund 336,210
Other expenses 13,000
1,447,660 1,447,660

Additional Information:
i) The hospital prepares its financial statements in accordance with the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS), the Public Financial Management Act 2016, (Act 921), the Public Financial Management Regulation 2019, L.I 2378, and the current Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.
ii) The Development Partner grants received from the Health Care Fund, an international organization that provides free medical care to the rural poor and vulnerable individuals, are typically unconditional. However, 40% of this year’s grant is subject to certain conditions, which had not been met as of December 31, 2023.
iii) Rent received in advance during the year amounted to GH¢20,000 while rent owed by the hospital for the year amounts to GH¢300,000.
iv) The hospital charges consumption of fixed assets on straight line basis as follows

Non-current Assets Estimated Useful Life
Furniture and office equipment 5 years
Medical equipment and accessories 4 years
Motor vehicles 5 years
Buildings 10 years

Land constitutes 30% of the amount of land and building shown in the trial balance.
v) A medical equipment valued at GH¢20,000,000 which is included in the medical equipment and accessories listed on the trial balance, was completely damaged due to consistent power fluctuations. The value of this equipment should be written off.
vi) The hospital submitted a claim of GH¢11,000,000 to the National Health Insurance Scheme for services provided to patients in the last quarter of 2023, but the payment has not yet been received. This transaction has not yet been reflected in the trial balance.
vii) The hospital took a loan of $100,000,000 from Health World Bank on January 1, 2023, when the exchange rate was $1 to GH¢3.50. The exchange rate on 31 December 2023 is $1 to GH¢5.
viii) The inventories on 31 December 2023 were as follows:

Inventory type Cost Net Realizable Value Current Replacement
GHc’000 GHc’000 GHc’000
Drugs 15,000 16,000 14,000
Medical consumables 10,000 11,000 9,000

Required:
Prepare for Hamile Teaching Hospital:
a) Statement of Financial Performance for the year ended 31 December 2023.

b) Statement of Financial Position as of 31 December 2023.

c) Disclosure notes to the financial statements.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1b – Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position for Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS and government regulations.

Prepare a Statement of Financial Position of Paja Teaching Hospital as at 31 December 2023 in compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Chart of Accounts of the Government of Ghana.

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PSAF – Nov 2024 – L2 – Q1a – Financial Statements Preparation

Prepare the Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital following IPSAS guidelines.

Below is a Trial Balance of Paja Teaching Hospital (PTH) under the Ministry of Health for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Debit (GH¢000) Credit (GH¢000)
Cash and Bank – GoG 3,400
Cash and Bank – IGF 72,200
Cash and Bank – Donor Funds 210,400
Undeposited Cash – IGF 4,000
Petty Cash 100
Investments 2,000
Debtors 661,400
Other Receivables 17,700
Withholding Tax
Trust Funds
Trade Payables
GoG Subsidy – Employee Compensation
GoG Subsidy – Goods & Services
Development Partners Programmes Receipt
Other Non-Operating Income
Medicines & Pharmaceuticals 433,900
Surgical 50,800
Medical 111,400
Investigation 140,900
OPD 238,400
Obstetrics and Gynaecology 135,300
Dental 8,300
Pediatrics 40,300
Ear, Nose & Throat 5,300
Eye Care 7,300
Mortuary 30,000
Ambulance Fees 300
Ophthalmology 3,000
Physiotherapy 3,300
Examination Fees 200
Dialysis 400
Feeding 30,400
Employee Compensation – GoG 3,912,500
Goods & Services – GoG 20,800
Employee Compensation – IGF 148,000
Goods & Services – IGF 978,500
Capital Expenditure – IGF 27,500
Goods & Services – Partners Fund 472,400
Accumulated Fund
Total 6,530,900

Additional Information:

  1. The hospital previously used modified accrual accounting but switched to IPSAS accrual basis in 2023.
  2. The hospital revalued legacy assets as follows:
    • Motor Vehicles: GH¢50,250,000
    • Buildings: GH¢120,540,000
    • Medical Equipment & Other Equipment: GH¢31,500,000
    • Land: GH¢15,000,000
  3. Gavi supported the hospital with GH¢200,000,000 in 2023, but 20% was allocated for Q1 of 2024. The Global Fund committed GH¢250,000,000, but only GH¢200,000,000 was received.
  4. NHIA rejected 10% of the hospital’s total claims of GH¢100,300,000.
  5. Parliament approved a write-off of GH¢20,225,000 for unpaid hospital services.
  6. The capital expenditure consists of:
    • Medical Equipment: GH¢19,236,000
    • Furniture & Fittings: GH¢8,264,000
  7. Depreciation Policy (Straight-Line Basis):
    • Building: 5%
    • Motor Vehicle: 20%
    • Medical Equipment: 10%
    • Furniture & Fitting: 25%
  8. Year-end inventory values:
Inventory Type Cost (GH¢000) Replacement Cost (GH¢000) Net Realisable Value (GH¢000)
Medicines (for resale) 146,800 176,100 132,100
Medical Consumables (For use on clients) 29,400 33,800 30,800
Office Consumables 19,600 29,400 18,600

Required:

In compliance with IPSAS, the PFM Act, and the Government of Ghana Chart of Accounts, prepare:
a) A Statement of Financial Performance for Paja Teaching Hospital for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2b – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question discusses the benefits of adopting IPSAS in public sector accounting, focusing on transparency, accountability, and credibility improvements.

Enumerate any FOUR benefits in the adoption of Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).

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PSAF – Nov 2016 – L2 – Q2a – International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS)

This question outlines the benefits of migrating from IPSAS-CASH to IPSAS-ACCRUAL basis for public sector accounting.

In an effort to promote accountability and transparency in governance, the
administration has adopted and implemented the International Public Sector
Accounting Standards (IPSAS) from January 2014. The governments (Federal, State,
Local) and other public institutions adopted IPSAS in the reporting and presentation
of financial statements to improve the quality and comparability of financial
information, and to be in conformity with other advanced nations of the world. IPSASCASH is already adopted in the budgeting, accounting and presentation of financial
statements, while IPSAS-ACCRUAL takes effect from January 2016.
You are required to:

Identify any SIX benefits of migration from IPSAS-CASH basis to IPSAS ACCRUAL basis.

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FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6c – Bases of Accounting: Accrual vs. Cash

Prepare the Rental Income Account to recognize rent in the profit or loss.

D’favour owns several properties in Lagos that are let out to tenants. The summary of transactions at December 31, 2014, is given below:

Item N’000
Accrued rent at December 31, 2013 440
Prepaid rent at December 31, 2013 250
Rent received during 2014 2,550
Accrued rent at December 31, 2014 350
Prepaid rent at December 31, 2014 480
Uncollectable rent to be written-off 35
Agreement fee received 50

Required:
Prepare the Rental Income Account to determine the amount of rent to be recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss. (8 Marks)

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FA – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Bases of Accounting: Accrual vs. Cash

Calculate rent recognized for profit or loss and financial position as of March 31, 2014.

Oluyemi Ventures prepares its financial statements to March 31 each year. The business pays rent quarterly in advance on January 1, April 1, July 1, and October 1 each year. The annual rent is N600,000. On June 30, 2013, the rent was increased to N900,000 per annum.

Required:
i. Calculate the amount of rent that will be recognized in the Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended March 31, 2014. (3 Marks)
ii. Calculate the amount to be recognized in the Statement of Financial Position as at March 31, 2014. (1 Mark)

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FA – Nov 2014 – L1 – SA – Q18 – Accounting Concepts

Identifying the accounting concept that governs recognizing transactions in the period they occur.

Accounting for the effects of transactions and other events and circumstances on a reporting entity’s economic resources and claims in the period in which those effects occur, even if the resulting cash receipts and payments occur in a different period, is governed by which of the following accounting concepts?

A. Cash basis
B. Accrual
C. Matching
D. Consistency
E. Going concern

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FA – May 2017 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Accounting Treatment for Accruals and Prepayments

Concerns the treatment of rent received for 12 months over two financial periods.

On June 1, 2015, Nkiwe Enterprises received a rent of N240,000 for 12 months to May 31, 2016. The reporting date of Nkiwe is December 31. What are the entries in the statement of profit or loss for the year ended, and statement of financial position as at, December 31, 2015?

Profit or loss Statement of financial position
N N
A. 100,000 income 140,000 liability
B. 100,000 expenses 140,000 asset
C. 140,000 income 100,000 liability
D. 140,000 expenses 100,000 asset
E. 240,000 income no entry

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FA – May 2024 – L1 – SA – Q1 – Accounting Concepts

Identifies the accounting concept related to prepaid and accrued expenses adjustments.

In the process of drawing up financial statements, adjustments are made for prepaid expenses and accrued expenses in order to comply with which fundamental accounting concept?

A. Matching
B. Prudency
C. Aggregation
D. Accrual
E. Consistency

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