The methods used by system analysts to gather information include:

1. Observation Method:
   This involves systematically monitoring actual tasks and workflows in a real environment.
   • Advantages:
     • Eliminates bias and subjectivity.
     • Provides real-time, accurate data.
     • Reliable for current data.
   • Disadvantages:
     • Expensive and time-consuming.
     • Limited data scope.
     • Observer bias may affect the outcome.
2. Interview Method:
   Involves verbal communication between the analyst and respondents, where data is gathered through oral responses.
   • Advantages:
     • Collects in-depth data.
     • Allows flexibility in questioning.
     • Respondent’s non-verbal cues can be observed.
   • Disadvantages:
     • Time-consuming.
     • Responses may be biased.
     • Costs may increase due to longer interactions.
3. Questionnaire Method:
   Written questions are provided to respondents who write their answers independently.
   • Advantages:
     • Cost-effective for large samples.
     • Reduces interviewer bias.
     • Respondents have time to provide thoughtful responses.
   • Disadvantages:
     • Low response rate.
     • Can be slow.
     • Not suitable for illiterate respondents or complex questions.
4. Case Study Method:
   This method involves an in-depth examination of a particular situation or entity.
   • Advantages:
     • Provides detailed, context-specific insights.
     • Helps explore specific problems intensively.
   • Disadvantages:
     • Time-consuming and expensive.
     • Limited generalizability of findings.
5. Literature Review and Documentation:
   Involves reviewing existing records, documentation, and literature related to the system.
   • Advantages:
     • Empirical, documented data is reliable.
     • Historical data can provide context.
   • Disadvantages:
     • May not be suitable for current or future scenarios.
     • The accuracy of documentation may be questionable.