a) Differentiation Between ‘Management’ and ‘Leadership’:

• Management:
  Management is the process of deciding what an organization wants to do, putting appropriate organizational structures in place, and taking steps to ensure that employees perform their assigned duties and responsibilities to achieve organizational objectives. It involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling resources to achieve specific goals.
  (2.5 marks)
• Leadership:
  Leadership, on the other hand, is the act of influencing people to willingly act in a given manner to achieve set group objectives. Leadership is more about inspiring and motivating individuals to follow a vision or goal. It focuses on people and their development, guiding them towards a common objective.
  (2.5 marks)

b) Distinguishing Between ‘Power’ and ‘Authority’:

• Power:
  Power refers to the ability of one person to influence or direct the behavior of others, regardless of the resistance faced. Power can be derived from various sources, including expertise, relationships, or the ability to reward or punish. It is the capacity to get things done by others.
  (2.5 marks)
• Authority:
  Authority is the legitimate right to make decisions, give orders, and enforce obedience. It is conferred by the position held within an organization and is recognized by those being influenced. Authority is more structured and formalized compared to power.
  (2.5 marks)

c) Basic Functions of Management:

1. Planning:
   Planning involves setting goals and determining the best course of action to achieve them. It includes forecasting future conditions, defining objectives, and deciding on the actions necessary to reach those objectives.
   (2.5 marks)
2. Organizing:
   Organizing is the process of arranging resources and tasks in a structured way to achieve the organization’s objectives. It involves creating a framework that defines the roles, responsibilities, and authority of individuals within the organization.
   (2.5 marks)
3. Directing:
   Directing is the process of guiding and supervising employees to ensure that they are working towards the organization’s goals. It includes giving instructions, motivating employees, and ensuring effective communication within the organization.
   (2.5 marks)
4. Controlling:
   Controlling involves monitoring the organization’s performance and comparing it with the set objectives. If there are deviations, corrective actions are taken to ensure that the organization stays on track to achieve its goals.
   (2.5 marks)