An auditor shall not accept a loan on favorable commercial terms from an audit client because of the threat to his or her independence. The threat would be a:
A Self-interest threat
B Self-review threat
C Advocacy threat
D Familiarity threat
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Which of the following fundamental principles of ethical conduct for accountants means that an accountant should be independent, free from bias and from undue influence by other people?
A Confidentiality
B Objectivity
C Integrity
D Professional behaviour
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Apea Chemist Ltd is a company engaged in the manufacturing of various drugs for the local market. There have been series of ethical infractions within the company. Some top managements have been accused of insider trading, bribing of some key staff of the regulatory authorities and attempts to cover up alleged distribution of expired drugs. There is total breakdown of ethical standards within the company. The board of directors have expressed grave concerns about the current happenings in the company. At its last quarterly meeting, the board resolved to engage the services of a corporate governance expert to help address the situation. The board understands that there are two major approaches to managing ethics in an organization.
Required:
As a corporate governance expert, you have been engaged by the board to advise it on TWO approaches to the management of ethics in organizations. (bi)
The International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) Code of Ethics discusses the need for professional accountants to be aware of and avoid conflict of interest situation as well as maintain independence in carrying out their professional duties. The professional accountant is exposed to several threats to independence, which are likely to lead to conflict of interest. A threat may arise where an assurance firm provides services other than assurance services to an assurance client.
Required:
(i) Identify the specific threat a professional accountant or assurance firm faces by providing the following services:
(ii) Suggest TWO measures each a professional accountant can take to minimize the threats identified in (i).
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(a) Contrast the role of internal and external auditors.
(b) Apex Ltd designs and manufactures luxury motor vehicles. The company employs 2,500 staff and consistently makes a net profit of between 10% and 15% of revenue. Apex Ltd is not listed; its shares are held by 15 individuals, most of them from the same family. The maximum shareholding is 15% of the share capital.
The executive directors are drawn mainly from the shareholders. There are no non-executive directors because the company legislation in Apex Ltd’s jurisdiction does not require any. The executive directors are very successful in running Apex Ltd, partly from their training in production and management techniques, and partly from their ‘hands-on’ approach providing motivation to employees.
The board are considering a significant expansion of the company. However, the company’s bankers are concerned with the standard of financial reporting as the financial director (FD) has recently left Apex Ltd. The board are delaying provision of additional financial information until a new FD is appointed.
Apex Ltd does have an internal audit function, although the chief internal auditor frequently comments that the board of Apex Ltd do not understand his reports or provide sufficient support for his department or the system of internal control within Apex Ltd. The board of Apex Ltd concur with this view. Barnes & Co, the external auditors, have also expressed concern in this area and the fact that the internal audit function focuses work on systems of internal control, not financial reporting. Barnes & Co are appointed by and report to the board of Apex Ltd.
The board of Apex Ltd are considering a proposal from the chief internal auditor to establish an audit committee. The committee would consist of one executive director, the chief internal auditor as well as three new appointees. One appointee would have a non-executive seat on the board of directors.
Required:
Discuss the benefits to Apex Ltd of forming an audit committee.
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Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.
Find Related Questions by Tags, levels, etc.
ICAG has adopted IESBA’s ethical guidance, the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. These rules are applicable to all members and students. If these rules are not complied with disciplinary action may result which could lead to reprimand, fine or exclusion.
Required
(a) Explain why you think fundamental principles of ethics are so fundamental to auditing.
(b) Explain how a member can demonstrate that they are truly independent in carrying out the work they perform, and why it is important that they should do so.
(c) Set out the circumstances in which it is permissible to disclose confidential client information.
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