Tag (SQ): Fiduciary duty

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BCL – L1 – SA – Q91 – Company Directors

Liability of a director acting dishonestly.

Where a director acts dishonestly to the interest of the company. He will be held liable for

A   Negligence

B   Malefice acts

C   Ultra-virus acts

D   Breach of fiduciary duty

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BCL – L1 – Q66 – Governance and ethical issues relating to business

Explain governance issues and director disqualification factors in a case involving fraud at a company.

In 2015, KWEKU LTD, which carries on the business of exporting cassava and mangoes from Ghana to Europe, opened an account with Zenith Bank at the Tema Branch. In 2016, the Finance Manager, who is the sole accounts officer of the company, forged the signature of the Managing Director (who was also the sole signatory to the bank account of the company) and made several withdrawals from the company to the tune of GH₵550,000. The bank in that same year requested that the Managing Director should, within two weeks of the letter, confirm the credit balance on the account, which at the time stood at GH₵2,200,000. The Managing Director, without any further checks, signed the document, thus confirming the credit balance presented by the bank. In 2017, the auditors raised queries on some of the fictitious withdrawals. The Chairman of the Board ordered the Human Resource Manager to dismiss both the Managing Director and the Finance Manager with immediate effect.

Required:

(a) Explain FOUR (4) issues in the case relating to governance and duties of directors. (10 marks)

(b) Explain THREE (3) factors that disqualify a person from being appointed as a director. (10 marks)

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BCL – L1 – Q64 – Partnership formation

Analyze issues in a partnership agreement and list items to verify for a valid partnership involving an employee and family members.

KOFI

Kofi was employed as a senior wholesale manager by AB Limited, a limited liability company owned 100% by Mr. Adu. Kofi’s monthly salary is $30,000 and has been so for the last five years. To prevent Kofi from leaving the company, Mr. Adu went into agreement with him whereby AB Limited, Kofi and twenty family members of Mr. Adu formed a partnership. Kofi will get $40,000 as monthly salary and 10% of gross profit as bonus as and when Mr. Adu deem it fit. Kofi must give six months’ notice for resignation but could be fired without notice by Mr. Adu. Kofi has no role in management, control or in carrying out the partnership business. Kofi is happy with his new salary but thinks all is not right.

(a) What is not right?

(b) State five other items Kofi must verify in a partnership agreement.

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BCL – L1 – Q63 – Pre-incorporation contracts

Advise on company registration refusal, corporate veil lifting, and pre-incorporation contract issues for a company formed in Ghana.

LINA

(a) Under what circumstances will the Registrar refuse to register constitution of a Company?

(6 marks)

(b) Explain the circumstances under which the corporate veil could be lifted or pierced.

(c) Lina lives in the United Kingdom (UK) and asked her long-time friend, Esi to register a company for her in Ghana. Esi spent $10,000 on documentation, filling and processing, (with the issuance of receipts being Esi’s name) all covered with receipts in her name. Upon the request of Lina, Esi rented an office premises for one year at GH₵20,000 with the receipt in the name of the newly formed company. Lina just returned from UK to start operations. Lina discovered that the rental agent gave GH₵2,000 to Esi as inducement for the office deal. Lina appointed Esi as head of operations and refused to pay the registration expenses on the basis that Esi’s monthly salary as head of operations is more than GH₵10,000 and those expenses should be borne from the secret profits Esi had earlier enjoyed.

Required:

Based on your knowledge in pre-incorporation contracts, advise the parties.

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BCL – L1 – Q62 – Alternative forms and constitutions of business organisations

Write short notes on a company limited by guarantee.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Company limited by guarantee

(b) Choice of company name

(c) Veil of incorporation

(d) External Companies

(e) Company promoter

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