Exchange Rates – Knowsia

BMIS – L1 – QC1 – The external environment

Explain the meaning of 'currency risk' as stated by the president of a car manufacturing company.

Question

The president of a Japanese car manufacturing company, TCM, recently stated that his suit would not expand its production capacity any further at its factory in Nigeria. This factory produces TCM cars for the African market with sales agreed in the local currency of the target market.

The president explained that the reason for this decision was the currency risk. The company was concerned about its competitiveness in the African market. It had a 5% share of the Nigeria cars market, but only a 1% share of the market in the rest of Africa.

Required

Explain what the company president meant by the term ‘currency risk’

Answer

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Tags: African market, Currency Risk, Exchange Rates, International Business, Market competitiveness
Level: Level 1

Topic: The external environment

FM – L2 – Q97 – Hedging with options

UK company hedges $2M USD receipt using currency options, calculates outcome at expiry with given spot rate.

Question

A UK company, PrimeCare Plc, will receive US$2 million in six months’ time. It is now 20th March. The company is not sure whether the US dollar will rise or fall in value against sterling over the next few months, and it has decided to hedge its exposure to currency risk using traded currency options.
On the London Stock Exchange, traded currency options are available in a contract size of £31,250. Options are priced in cents per £1. Assume that option contracts expire on 20th of each month.
The following option prices are currently available:

Exercise price	Calls	Puts
	June	September	June	September
1.8500	1.4	1.9	4.0	5.1

The current spot exchange rate (US$/£1) is 1.8325–1.8375.

Required
(a) Explain how the company’s currency exposure could be hedged using traded currency options.
(b) Show what would happen if the options are still held by the company at expiry and the spot exchange rate is $1.9150–1.9200.

Answer

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Tags: Currency Options, Exchange Rates, Financial Risk Management, Foreign Exchange Risk, Hedging, Sterling, Traded options, US Dollar
Level: Level 2

Topic: Hedging with options

L2 – Q96 – Futures and hedging with futures

US company hedges £400,000 sterling receipt using currency futures, calculating effective exchange rate.

Question

MORE CURRENCY FUTURES
The sterling/US dollar currency future is a contract for £62,500. It is priced in US dollars, and the tick size is $0.0001.
Currency futures are not normally used by companies to hedge currency risks. However, assume that a US company, Apex Innovations Ltd, intends to use currency futures to hedge the following currency exposure.
It is now October. Apex Innovations Ltd expects to receive £400,000 in January from a customer in the UK.
The price of March sterling/US dollar futures is currently 1.8600.
The company is concerned that the value of sterling will fall in the next few months, and it therefore decides to use futures to hedge the exposure to currency risk.

Required
(a) How should Apex Innovations Ltd hedge its currency risk with futures?
(b) Suppose that in January when Apex Innovations Ltd receives the sterling payment, the March futures price is 1.8420 and the spot rate (US$/£1) is 1.8450.
Show what will happen when the futures position is closed, and calculate the effective exchange rate that Apex Innovations Ltd has obtained for the £400,000.

Answer

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Tags: Currency futures, Exchange Rates, Financial Risk Management, Foreign Exchange Risk, Futures contracts, Hedging, Risk Mitigation, Sterling, US Dollar
Level: Level 2

Topic: Futures and hedging with futures

FM – L2 – Q92 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Calculate unhedged ZMW value of $35M receivable with 5% ZMW depreciation and compare to initial value.

Question

Riverfront Plc has just delivered a major export order to a customer in Canada at a price of $35 million payable in six months’ time and as the company’s finance director you are concerned about the potential impact of currency volatility on the profitability of this particular order.
You have obtained the following exchange rate and interest rate data at the close of business today:

Spot rate (ZMW/$)	ZMW 5 – ZMW 6
6-month forward rate (premium)	0.08 – 0.12

Annual interest rates:

	Deposit	Borrowing
Zambia	10%	14%
Canada	5%	6%

Riverfront Plc’s bank has quoted a premium of ZMW 10,000 (payable up-front) for a $35 million six-month over-the-counter currency put option with an exercise price of ZMW 5.6 = $1.
Riverfront Plc has the ZMW 10,000 available on deposit at the current time and would leave it on deposit for the next six months if it was not used to purchase the currency put option.

Required
(a) Calculate the unhedged ZMW value of the $35 million receivable if, in six months’ time, ZMW has depreciated by 5%. Explain how this compares to the ZMW value of the sale when it was made.

(b) Calculate the hedged ZMW value of the $35 million receivable if Riverfront Plc chooses to use a forward exchange contract.

(c) Calculate the hedged ZMW value of the $35 million receivable if Riverfront Plc chooses to use a money market hedge and calculate the effective forward exchange rate achieved.

(d) Calculate the hedged ZMW value of the $35 million receivable if Riverfront Plc chooses to use an over-the-counter currency put option and the spot exchange rate in six months’ time is:

(1) ZMW 5 = $1

(2) ZMW 6 = $1

Answer

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Tags: Currency Options, Currency Risk, Exchange Rates, Hedging, Put Option
Level: Level 2

Topic: Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Tag (SQ): Exchange Rates

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BMIS – L1 – QC1 – The external environment

Explain the meaning of 'currency risk' as stated by the president of a car manufacturing company.

FM – L2 – Q97 – Hedging with options

UK company hedges $2M USD receipt using currency options, calculates outcome at expiry with given spot rate.

L2 – Q96 – Futures and hedging with futures

US company hedges £400,000 sterling receipt using currency futures, calculating effective exchange rate.

FM – L2 – Q92 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Calculate unhedged ZMW value of $35M receivable with 5% ZMW depreciation and compare to initial value.

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BMIS – L1 – QC1 – The external environment

Explain the meaning of 'currency risk' as stated by the president of a car manufacturing company.

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FM – L2 – Q97 – Hedging with options

UK company hedges $2M USD receipt using currency options, calculates outcome at expiry with given spot rate.

You're reporting an error for "FM – L2 – Q97 – Hedging with options"

L2 – Q96 – Futures and hedging with futures

US company hedges £400,000 sterling receipt using currency futures, calculating effective exchange rate.

You're reporting an error for "L2 – Q96 – Futures and hedging with futures"

FM – L2 – Q92 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management

Calculate unhedged ZMW value of $35M receivable with 5% ZMW depreciation and compare to initial value.

You're reporting an error for "FM – L2 – Q92 – Foreign exchange risk and currency risk management"

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