Subject: QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES IN BUSINESS (QTB)

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PSAF – May 2018 – L2 – Q5 – The Budgeting Process in the Public Sector

Explains the concept of a national budget, surplus and deficit budget implications, and challenges in the implementation of national budgets in Nigeria.

In government’s quest to optimally develop and efficiently manage available resources, national budgets are usually prepared to put economic development firmly on course.

Required:

a. Describe briefly a national budget. (3 Marks)

b. Explain briefly the implication of each of the following for the performance of the economy: i. A surplus budget ii. A deficit budget (4 Marks)

c. Explain FOUR problems to be encountered in the effective implementation of national budgets in Nigeria. (8 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate the value of an investment with compound interest, the payoff amount for a loan with simple interest, and the additional interest for a loan with monthly payments and reduced interest rates.

a. If N250,000 is invested in an account that earns 4% per year compound interest, what is the:
i. value of the investment after 5 years? (3 Marks)
ii. total interest earned? (2 Marks)

b. When it was apparent that your parents could not afford to finance your university education, you sought and obtained a 4-year loan of N250,000.00 from Education Bank Limited. The bank imposed a simple interest rate of 7½%.
i. How much do you need to pay off the bank now

(4 years after) that you are through with your study?

(7 Marks)
ii. If you decide to be paying N25,000 every month from now and the bank agreed to reduce the interest rate to 1% per month on the unpaid balance at the beginning of the month, how much additional total interest will be paid? (8 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q5b – Data Collection Analysis

Draw a frequency polygon and an ogive based on gasoline mileage data from an experiment.

In a particular organisation, an experiment which was conducted to determine the gasoline mileage of a particular type of car yielded the following data:

Miles per gallon Percent
10 and under 12 4
13 and under 15 8
16 and under 18 14
19 and under 21 26
22 and under 24 12
25 and under 27 11
28 and under 30 10
31 and under 33 7
34 and under 36 6
37 and under 39 2

Required:

i. Draw the frequency polygon for gasoline mileage. (5 Marks)
ii. Draw the ogive for gasoline mileage. (5 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q5a – Statistics

Calculate the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the scores in two subjects and interpret the result.

A business school preparing candidates for professional examinations conducted a mock examination to ascertain the level of preparedness of its candidates in two subjects: Quantitative Techniques in Business (QTB) and Management Information (MI). The table below gives the scores of twelve selected candidates.

Candidates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Score in QTB (x) 35 77 95 28 76 80 90 62 39 65 90 37
Score in MI (y) 50 82 89 58 65 61 84 59 48 53 80 52

Required:
i. Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient between xx and yy. (9 Marks)
ii. Comment on the result in (i) above. (1 Mark)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Forecasting

Analyze sales data using the Least Squares Method and forecast future sales based on the trend.

The sales of PQR Nigeria Plc. in thousands of Naira are listed in the table below for each quarter for years 2005 – 2008.

Sales of PQR in N’000s

Year Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
2005 22 35 82 37
2006 24 46 81 44
2007 25 40 87 49
2008 29 42 100 55

Required:

a. Calculate the trend in the above data using the Least Squares Method. (12 Marks)
b. Estimate the sales for each quarter using the trend line. (4 Marks)
c. Calculate the percentage variation for each quarter’s actual sales from the estimate obtained in (b) above. (4 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Operations Research

Calculate control levels for inventory, expected time for a project, and identify the critical path in a network diagram.

a. Calculate the various control levels from the following data on a given inventory item:

  • Normal usage: 1,600 per day
  • Minimum usage: 1,000 per day
  • Maximum usage: 3,000 per day
  • Lead time: 16 – 20 days
  • EOQ: 40,000
    (9 Marks)

b. If the optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic times are given as 11 days, 15 days, and 18 days respectively, calculate the expected time of the project delivery.
(3 Marks)

c. The network for a small building project is shown below together with the time in days required to complete each task.

Required:

i. List the possible paths together with their durations through the network. (6 Marks)
ii. State the critical path and the project duration. (2 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Measures of Dispersion

Compare the risk and return of two investments by calculating mean and standard deviation.

In finance, the standard deviation is frequently used to measure the risk of an investment.
An investor is considering two possible investments A and B. A sample of 10 rates of return is recorded for each investment. These rates of return, given as percentages, are as follows:

Investment A:
4, 6, 6, 5, 4, 5, 8, 5, 5, 8

Investment B:
0, -2, 6, 12, 9, 16, -4, 16, 25, 12

Required:
a. Calculate the mean rate of return for each of the two investments. (6 Marks)
b. Calculate the standard deviation of the rate of return for each of the investments. (6 Marks)
c. Which of the two investments is riskier and why? (8 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q1b – Mathematics of Business Finance

Determine the total sum of money the Chief Accountant of Zeesco Plc. plans to donate to 4 not-for-profit organisations, given the donations for each organisation.

The Chief Accountant of Zeesco Plc. has a large sum of money which she plans to donate to 4 not-for-profit organisations. She plans to give  of this amount to organisation A. Out of the remaining amount, she plans to give    to organisation B. Also, she intends to give           of the balance to organisation C and the rest to organisation D. If she plans to give 11 million naira to organisation D, how much does she plan to share among these organisations?

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QTB – May 2017 – L1 – SB – Q6b – Data Collection Analysis

Calculate the mode and Pearson's coefficient of skewness for a given distribution of marks.

The table below shows the marks (%) scored in QTB by some candidates who wrote the ICAN Professional examination in May 2016 diet:

Marks % Number of Candidates
20–29 7
30–39 17
40–49 13
50–59 9
60–69 4

If the mean mark is 41.7%, calculate the mode and Pearson’s coefficient of skewness. (10 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2014 – L1 – SB – Q1a – Mathematics of Business Finance

Determine the cost of calculators and books using a system of linear equations and solve for individual costs.

The cost of purchasing 8 calculators and 10 books is 158 (thousands of naira).
At another instance, the cost of purchasing 15 calculators and 3 books is 123 (thousands of naira).

Required:
i. Use the information above to write down a system of linear equations to describe the given cost scenario. (4 Marks)
ii. Solve the resulting system of equations. (4 Marks)
iii. Find the cost of each calculator and each book. (2 Marks)

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QTB – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q4 – Mathematics

Determine the equation of a line given specific conditions

line with a negative slope passes through the point (2, 4). If its x-intercept
value is thrice the y-intercept value, then the slope-intercept form of the
equation of the line is

A. y = −1/3x + 14/3
B. y = −3x + 14/3
C. y = −1/3x − 14/3
D. y = 3x + 14/3
E. y = −x + 14/3

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2b – Operations Research

Determine the level of output that minimizes the average cost for a given total cost function.

MANDILAS Ventures has established its total cost function to be:

Determine the level of output that will give minimum average cost. (8 Marks)

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QTB – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q3 – Mathematics

Calculate elasticity of demand given a demand function

The demand function for an item is given by p = 32q − q2. Find the elasticity of demand at q = 4

A. -0.17

B. 1.00

C. 1.11

D. 1.17

E. 1.20

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QTB – MAY 2016 – L1 – SA – Q2 – Mathematics

Calculate original price of a discounted item

A store holding a clearance sale advertises that all prices have been discounted by 20%. If a certain article is on sale for N28.00. What was its price before the sale?

A. N15

B. N25

C. N35

D. N45

E. N55

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2a – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate price elasticity of demand using given demand function and interpret the result.

Given that the demand function of a business is

calculate the price elasticity of demand when x=5  and interpret your result.

(Total: 6 Marks)

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QTB – May 2016 – L1 – SA – Q1 – Mathematics

Calculates the number of units a company expects to sell in year 5 given initial and growth rate.

A company expects to produce and sell 150,000 units of its product during the first year with this figure growing by 3% per annum. Then the number of units to be sold in year 5 is
A. 153,798
B. 163,798
C. 173,798
D. 183,798
E. 193,798

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate depreciation and salvage value of an asset using the reducing balance method.

A company buys an item having a useful life of 10 years for N1,000,000. If the company depreciates the item by the reducing balance method:

a. Determine the depreciation for the first year.
b. Estimate the depreciation for the second and third years.
c. What is the salvage value of the asset?

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QTB – May 2015 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Operations Research

This question involves calculating the change in revenue, total revenue, total cost, and total profit for a manufacturer based on given marginal cost and marginal revenue functions.

A manufacturer determines that the firm’s Marginal Cost (MC) and Marginal Revenue (MR) functions are:

MC=C′(x) = 100 − 0.1x

MR = R(x)=100 + 0.1x

You are required to find the:

a. Change in revenue that results when the sales level increases from 20 to 30 units. (5 Marks)
b. Revenue resulting from the sale of 30 units. (5 Marks)
c. Cost of producing 30 units if the fixed cost (at x=0x = 0) is N400. (5 Marks)
d. Total profit when 30 units of the product are sold. (5 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q20 – Mathematics

This question identifies the condition at the stationary point of a function.

A stationary point for the function f(x)f(x) is a point at which:

A. f′(x)
B. f′(x)
C. f′(x)
D. f′′(x)
E. f′′(x) ≠

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q19 – Mathematics of Business Finance

This question asks which type of loan incurs a higher effective rate if paid off ahead of time.

The borrower who pays off a …………………… ahead of time pays a higher effective rate:

A. Discounted loan
B. Standing loan
C. Amortised loan
D. Ordinary loan
E. Bank loan

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