Subject: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

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  • 5 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5c – Profitability vs Liquidity Ratios

Explain the difference between profitability and liquidity ratios and provide two examples of each.

Accounting ratios cover a wide array of ratios that are used by accountants and act as different indicators that measure profitability, liquidity, and potential financial distress in a company’s financials.

Required:

Differentiate between profitability ratios and liquidity ratios and give TWO examples each.

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  • 10 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5a – Inventory Loss and Statement of Profit or Loss

Compute inventory loss due to fire and prepare a statement of profit or loss for a sole trader.

Mawulolo Enterprise is a retail business that prepares its accounts on 31 March each year. The business maintains a standard gross profit margin of 30% on sales.

The following financial information was extracted from its records as at 31 March 2024:

Item GH¢
Inventory at 1 April 2023 254,000
Operating Expenses 378,000
Finance Cost 58,000
Purchases 1,306,000
Sales 1,900,000
Inventory in good standing at 31 March 2024 192,000

On 31 March 2024, a fire outbreak in the warehouse destroyed some of the inventory records and goods.

The tax charge for the year is estimated at GH¢30,000.

Required:

i)Calculate the amount of inventory lost.

ii) Prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 March 2024

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4- Preparation of Financial Statements for a Sole Trader

Prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss and Statement of Financial Position for a sole trader from given financial data and adjustments.

The following list of assets, liabilities, and equity as at 30 June 2023 was extracted from the books of Akuorkor, a sole trader:

Trial Balance as at 30 June 2023

Item GH¢
Plant and equipment – cost 100,000
Accumulated depreciation – Plant & Equipment 36,000
Office fixtures – cost 25,000
Accumulated depreciation – Office Fixtures 2,500
Inventory 15,250
Trade receivables and prepayments 17,500
Trade payables and accrued expenses 8,800
Bank overdraft 4,425
Loan (10% interest per annum) 47,500
Capital 58,525

Summary of Receipts and Payments for the Year Ended 30 June 2024

Receipts GH¢
Capital introduced 11,000
Cash from customers 213,750
Total Receipts 224,750
Payments GH¢
Cash drawings (Note 5) 11,225
Loan repayments (Note 7) 10,000
Payment to suppliers 87,800
Rent 11,000
Wages 45,000
Office expenses 6,250
Total Payments 171,275

Additional Information:

  1. Closing inventory on 30 June 2024 was GH¢13,925.
  2. Depreciation policies:
    • Plant & Equipment: 20% per annum reducing balance.
    • Office Equipment: 10% per annum on cost.
    • Fixtures & Fittings: Straight-line method over 4 years with a full year’s charge in the year of acquisition.
  3. GH¢2,500 worth of fixtures & fittings was introduced into the business.
  4. Prepayments and accrued expenses as at 30 June 2023:
    • Rent paid in advance: GH¢1,250
    • Accrued wages: GH¢2,150
  5. Cash drawings included:
    • Wages: GH¢3,375
    • Payments to suppliers: GH¢2,100
    • Advertising leaflets: GH¢1,300 (Half not yet distributed).
  6. Bank balance per statement: GH¢53,350 after adjusting for unpresented cheques.
  7. Loan repayments include GH¢4,750 in interest payments.
  8. Assets and liabilities as at 30 June 2024:
    • Rent paid in advance: GH¢1,350
    • Accrued wages: GH¢2,625
    • Amounts due to suppliers: GH¢6,100
    • Amounts due from customers: GH¢11,150
  9. Major customer went into liquidation owing GH¢8,000; only 20% recoverable.

Required:

Prepare:
i) Statement of Profit or Loss for Akuorkor for the year ended 30 June 2024. 
ii) Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024.

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  • 10 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q3b – Bank Reconciliation

Prepare an adjusted cash book and reconcile it with the bank statement balance.

The cash book of Lawra Ltd as at 31 December 2023 shows a balance of GH¢36,900, which does not match the bank statement balance of GH¢41,100. Investigation revealed the following discrepancies:

  1. Cheques received of GH¢104,000, GH¢10,000, and GH¢24,900 were still in the business drawer.

  2. Standing orders for electricity charges (GH¢2,400) and insurance (GH¢3,600) were paid by the bank but not recorded in the cash book.

  3. The bank charged GH¢300 for a cheque book issued to Lawra Ltd.

  4. The bank incorrectly debited GH¢9,910 to Lawra Ltd’s account, which was intended for another customer.

  5. A credit transfer of GH¢10,000 was received but not recorded in the cash book.

  6. A cheque for GH¢140,000 drawn by Lawra Ltd was correctly recorded in the cash book but was debited as GH¢14,000 by the bank.

  7. The following cheques, paid in November 2023, remained unpresented:

    Cheque Number Amount (GH¢)
    0000111 4,000
    0000117 10,000
    0000120 9,310

Required:

i) Prepare the adjusted cash book for Lawra Ltd as at 31 December 2023.

ii) Prepare a bank reconciliation statement reconciling the adjusted cash book balance to the bank statement balance.  

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  • 5 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q2b – Allowance for Receivables and Irrecoverable Debt

Prepare the allowance for receivables and irrecoverable debt expense accounts for a financial period.

At 1 August 2023, the balance on the allowance for receivables account was GH¢12,600.

At 31 August 2023, the company’s management decided that the revised balance should be 10% of the month-end accounts receivable.

Required:

Prepare the Allowance for Receivables and Irrecoverable Debt Expense accounts, showing the necessary entries for the financial period ending 31 August 2023.

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  • 15 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q1 – Partnership Financial Statements

Prepare the profit or loss and appropriation account and financial position statement for a partnership at retirement and admission of partners.

Atsu, Baba, and Chawe are in partnership, providing management services, sharing profits in the ratio 5:3:2 after charging annual salaries of GH¢18,000 each. Current accounts are not maintained. On 30 June 2024, Atsu retired.

Dua was admitted on 1 July 2024 to the partnership and is entitled to 30% of the profits of the current partnership, with the balance being shared equally between Baba and Chawe.

The previous partnership trial balance as of 30 June 2024 was as follows:

Description GH¢ GH¢
Capital accounts – Atsu 12,519
Capital accounts – Baba 65,844
Capital accounts – Chawe 33,618
Trade receivables 138,615
Inventories at 1 July 2023 6,000
Operating expenses 419,166
Investment 300
Bank overdraft 33,510
Trade payables 52,218
Revenue 565,296
Total 663,543 663,543

Additional Information:

  1. Inventory remains at GH¢6,000.
  2. Full provision is required for an irrecoverable debt of GH¢3,450.
  3. Adjustments agreed by partners:
    • The investment is to be included at GH¢4,500.
    • Goodwill, which remains in the books, is valued at GH¢72,000.
  4. On 1 July 2024, GH¢30,000 due to Atsu was transferred to Dua. The balance due to Atsu is to be repaid over three years, commencing on 1 July 2024.
  5. Dua introduced cash of GH¢22,500 to the partnership.

Required:
i) Prepare the statement of profit or loss and appropriation account of the previous partnership for the year ended 30 June 2024 and a statement of financial position at that date. (9 marks)
ii) Prepare the statement of financial position for the current partnership as of 1 July 2024. (6 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Financial Statements Preparation

Prepare Statements of Affairs for two years and calculate opening capital, net worth, and profit.

Fortward Geso Trading Store maintained a single-entry system. The following information was extracted from the records:

Year Ended 31 December 2011 31 December 2010
Accrued expenses 10,000 —
Accounts receivable 196,000 130,000
Prepaid expenses — 16,000
Bank balances (40,000) 200,000
Investment 500,000 —
Cash balance 366,000 106,000
Accounts payable 74,000 90,000
Land and buildings 1,500,000 1,500,000
Delivery van 260,000 260,000
Inventories 190,000 74,000
Loan from bank 300,000 300,000

The following additional information was also made available in respect of the 2011 accounting year:
(i) Provision for doubtful debts should be made for N3,000.
(ii) Depreciation is to be provided on book value as follows:
(a) Land and buildings 5%
(b) Delivery van 10%
(iii) Additional capital of N250,000 was introduced into the business during the year.
(iv) The owner of the store withdrew a total sum of N20,000 during the year.

You are required to:
Prepare the Statements of Affairs of Fortward Geso Trading Stores for the two years to show:
(a) The opening capital (6 Marks)
(b) Net worth of the business (6 Marks)
(c) Profit (3 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q5 – Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE) in Accordance with IAS 16

Recording journal entries for three trade-in options for machinery and selecting the most viable option.

Fancy Enterprises has machinery that cost N750,000 with an accumulated depreciation of N510,000. The firm is contemplating acquiring new machinery to replace the old one. The new machinery has a catalog price of N1,290,000 and attracts a 12% trade discount. The following options are available:

(i) Trade in the old machinery and add cash of N895,200.
(ii) Trade in the old machinery and add cash of N600,000.
(iii) Trade in the old machinery and add cash of N1,080,000.

You are required to:

(a) Record journal entries for each of the options, considering the information provided above.
(b) Which of the options is economically viable for the firm to acquire the new machinery?
(14 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Bank Reconciliation

Identify causes of discrepancies between cashbook and bank statement and prepare bank reconciliation.

The general day-to-day banking activities of business enterprises are bound to generate large volumes of transactions to the extent that there are always disagreements between the bank balance shown in the accounts of an organisation and the balance shown in the bank statement.

(a) You are required to state any FIVE causes of disagreement between the cash book balance and the bank statement.
(5 marks)

(b) The cashbook of Ecobiz Plc showed an overdraft of N180,000 on 31 March 2011 while the bank statement balance was an overdraft of N1.6m. On checking the two records, you made the following discoveries:

  1. Cheques drawn in respect of payment made to suppliers amounting to N250,000 had been entered in the cash book but were yet to be presented to the bank.
  2. Ecobiz Plc instructed the bank to transfer interest of N40,000 due on its bank deposit account to the current account and this was not effected by the bank until April 2011 whereas the entries have been made in the cash book.
  3. The bank made e-payment charges of N50,000 on the company’s account.
  4. The receipt side of the cash book was overcast by N100,000 by the account clerk.
  5. Cheques received and deposited to the bank which amounted to N480,000 had been entered in the cash book but had not been credited by the bank.
  6. E-dividend payments made through the bank by the company amounting to N360,000 were yet to be posted in the company’s cashbook.
  7. A cheque issued for the purchase of office equipment had been entered in the bank statement as N800,000 instead of N300,000.
  8. A cheque for N70,000 issued to one of the suppliers included in (i) above had been erroneously posted on the wrong side of the cash book (i.e. the receipt side).

Prepare the adjusted cash book and a statement reconciling the amended balance with that shown in the bank statement.
(10 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Accounting for Inventories in Accordance with IAS 2

Accounting treatment for containers used in sales and calculation of deposits owed by customers.

Nimyaro Limited sold goods in containers, which are charged out to customers at N15 each. Customers were credited with N10 for each container returned before the expiration of the due dates. At the end of the year, inventories of containers in warehouse and all returnable containers in the hands of customers were valued at N5 each.
On 1 August 2011, the number of such containers were 10,000 and 35,000 respectively. During the year ended 31 July 2011, the following transactions relating to containers took place:
(i) 40,000 were purchased at N7.50 each.
(ii) 150,000 were charged to customers.
(iii) 125,000 were returned by customers.
(iv) 4,000 of the returned containers were useless and sold for N5,000.
(v) On 31 July 2011, 55,000 containers invoiced since 1 July 2011 were in the hands of customers.
You are required to record the above transactions in the books of Nimyaro Limited for
the year ended 31 July 2011 using Containers Suspense Account Method.

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q2 – Partnership Accounts

Partnership business dissolution with the necessary ledger accounts.

Tap, Sea, Air, and River are in partnership business sharing profits and losses in the ratio 8:5:4:3, respectively. Their Statement of Financial Position was as follows as at 1 January 2009:

           

On the date of the statement, the business was brought to an end, and the assets realized as follows:

Assets Realized N’000
Motor Vehicles 60,000
Plant and Machinery 60,000
Furniture and Fittings 52,500
Inventories 15,300
Accounts Receivable 9,450

Dissolution expenses amounted to N22,500,000. Air became bankrupt and could only pay 40k for every N100 owed. The other partners were solvent, and the amount was collected from Air’s administrator. Cash was returned to or received from partners as appropriate.

You are required to:
(a) State the ways in which the amount owed by Air will be absorbed by the other partners. (3 Marks)
(b) Show the necessary ledger accounts to close the partnership’s books.

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Accounts of Not-for-Profit Entities

Prepare income statement, income and expenditure account, and statement of financial position for a not-for-profit society.

The following details are available from the books of Tops Darts Society:

(iii)
The person handling Dart sales, “all in cash,” disappeared with the money received from this source. It is unknown how much was stolen, but all darts were sold at a profit of 33⅓% on cost price.

(iv)
Three people paid life membership fees of N4,000 each. One-tenth of this amount is to be credited to the income and expenditure account each year, while the remaining is treated as prepaid.

(v)
Depreciation on equipment is to be calculated at 20%.

You are required to:

(a) Draw up a Darts Income Statement for the year 2011 to calculate the gross profit on Darts sold. The cash stolen should be credited to this account, with a debit shown in the Income and Expenditure Account.
(b) Prepare an Income and Expenditure Account for the year ended 31 December 2011, and a Statement of Financial Position as at that date.

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SA – Q40 – Accounting Concepts

Identifying the term for the excess of minimum royalty over actual royalty paid.

The excess of minimum royalty over actual royalty paid on output is called ………………..

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SA – Q39 – Accounting Concepts

Identifying the name of the series of accounting activities from the beginning to the end of the accounting period.

The series of accounting activities that take place from the beginning of the accounting period of an enterprise to the end of that period, and repeated in subsequent years, is known as …………………………..

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SA – Q38 – Recording Financial Transactions

Identifying the closing balance to be shown in the company’s statement of financial position from the income tax account.

The Income Tax Account of Wazobia Limited showed a balance of N50,000 on 1 January 2011. Tax paid during the year was N45,000 and the estimated tax based on current year’s account is N60,000

What is the amount to be shown in the company’s statement of financial position as the closing balance from the company’s Income Tax Account?

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SA – Q37 – Recording Financial Transactions

Calculating the amount to be debited to the income statement as income tax.

The Income Tax Account of Wazobia Limited showed a balance of N50,000 on 1 January 2011. Tax paid during the year was N45,000 and the estimated tax based on current year’s account is N60,000

What is the amount to be debited to the company’s income statement as income tax for the year ended 31 December 2011?

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  • 1 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SA – Q36 – Virtual Accounting

Identifying the physical component of a computer.

The physical component of a computer is called……………………….

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