Subject: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING

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  • 5 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5c – Profitability vs Liquidity Ratios

Explain the difference between profitability and liquidity ratios and provide two examples of each.

Accounting ratios cover a wide array of ratios that are used by accountants and act as different indicators that measure profitability, liquidity, and potential financial distress in a company’s financials.

Required:

Differentiate between profitability ratios and liquidity ratios and give TWO examples each.

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  • 10 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5a – Inventory Loss and Statement of Profit or Loss

Compute inventory loss due to fire and prepare a statement of profit or loss for a sole trader.

Mawulolo Enterprise is a retail business that prepares its accounts on 31 March each year. The business maintains a standard gross profit margin of 30% on sales.

The following financial information was extracted from its records as at 31 March 2024:

Item GH¢
Inventory at 1 April 2023 254,000
Operating Expenses 378,000
Finance Cost 58,000
Purchases 1,306,000
Sales 1,900,000
Inventory in good standing at 31 March 2024 192,000

On 31 March 2024, a fire outbreak in the warehouse destroyed some of the inventory records and goods.

The tax charge for the year is estimated at GH¢30,000.

Required:

i)Calculate the amount of inventory lost.

ii) Prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 31 March 2024

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  • 20 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4- Preparation of Financial Statements for a Sole Trader

Prepare the Statement of Profit or Loss and Statement of Financial Position for a sole trader from given financial data and adjustments.

The following list of assets, liabilities, and equity as at 30 June 2023 was extracted from the books of Akuorkor, a sole trader:

Trial Balance as at 30 June 2023

Item GH¢
Plant and equipment – cost 100,000
Accumulated depreciation – Plant & Equipment 36,000
Office fixtures – cost 25,000
Accumulated depreciation – Office Fixtures 2,500
Inventory 15,250
Trade receivables and prepayments 17,500
Trade payables and accrued expenses 8,800
Bank overdraft 4,425
Loan (10% interest per annum) 47,500
Capital 58,525

Summary of Receipts and Payments for the Year Ended 30 June 2024

Receipts GH¢
Capital introduced 11,000
Cash from customers 213,750
Total Receipts 224,750
Payments GH¢
Cash drawings (Note 5) 11,225
Loan repayments (Note 7) 10,000
Payment to suppliers 87,800
Rent 11,000
Wages 45,000
Office expenses 6,250
Total Payments 171,275

Additional Information:

  1. Closing inventory on 30 June 2024 was GH¢13,925.
  2. Depreciation policies:
    • Plant & Equipment: 20% per annum reducing balance.
    • Office Equipment: 10% per annum on cost.
    • Fixtures & Fittings: Straight-line method over 4 years with a full year’s charge in the year of acquisition.
  3. GH¢2,500 worth of fixtures & fittings was introduced into the business.
  4. Prepayments and accrued expenses as at 30 June 2023:
    • Rent paid in advance: GH¢1,250
    • Accrued wages: GH¢2,150
  5. Cash drawings included:
    • Wages: GH¢3,375
    • Payments to suppliers: GH¢2,100
    • Advertising leaflets: GH¢1,300 (Half not yet distributed).
  6. Bank balance per statement: GH¢53,350 after adjusting for unpresented cheques.
  7. Loan repayments include GH¢4,750 in interest payments.
  8. Assets and liabilities as at 30 June 2024:
    • Rent paid in advance: GH¢1,350
    • Accrued wages: GH¢2,625
    • Amounts due to suppliers: GH¢6,100
    • Amounts due from customers: GH¢11,150
  9. Major customer went into liquidation owing GH¢8,000; only 20% recoverable.

Required:

Prepare:
i) Statement of Profit or Loss for Akuorkor for the year ended 30 June 2024. 
ii) Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024.

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  • 10 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q3b – Bank Reconciliation

Prepare an adjusted cash book and reconcile it with the bank statement balance.

The cash book of Lawra Ltd as at 31 December 2023 shows a balance of GH¢36,900, which does not match the bank statement balance of GH¢41,100. Investigation revealed the following discrepancies:

  1. Cheques received of GH¢104,000, GH¢10,000, and GH¢24,900 were still in the business drawer.

  2. Standing orders for electricity charges (GH¢2,400) and insurance (GH¢3,600) were paid by the bank but not recorded in the cash book.

  3. The bank charged GH¢300 for a cheque book issued to Lawra Ltd.

  4. The bank incorrectly debited GH¢9,910 to Lawra Ltd’s account, which was intended for another customer.

  5. A credit transfer of GH¢10,000 was received but not recorded in the cash book.

  6. A cheque for GH¢140,000 drawn by Lawra Ltd was correctly recorded in the cash book but was debited as GH¢14,000 by the bank.

  7. The following cheques, paid in November 2023, remained unpresented:

    Cheque Number Amount (GH¢)
    0000111 4,000
    0000117 10,000
    0000120 9,310

Required:

i) Prepare the adjusted cash book for Lawra Ltd as at 31 December 2023.

ii) Prepare a bank reconciliation statement reconciling the adjusted cash book balance to the bank statement balance.  

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  • 5 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q2b – Allowance for Receivables and Irrecoverable Debt

Prepare the allowance for receivables and irrecoverable debt expense accounts for a financial period.

At 1 August 2023, the balance on the allowance for receivables account was GH¢12,600.

At 31 August 2023, the company’s management decided that the revised balance should be 10% of the month-end accounts receivable.

Required:

Prepare the Allowance for Receivables and Irrecoverable Debt Expense accounts, showing the necessary entries for the financial period ending 31 August 2023.

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  • 15 Marks

FA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q1 – Partnership Financial Statements

Prepare the profit or loss and appropriation account and financial position statement for a partnership at retirement and admission of partners.

Atsu, Baba, and Chawe are in partnership, providing management services, sharing profits in the ratio 5:3:2 after charging annual salaries of GH¢18,000 each. Current accounts are not maintained. On 30 June 2024, Atsu retired.

Dua was admitted on 1 July 2024 to the partnership and is entitled to 30% of the profits of the current partnership, with the balance being shared equally between Baba and Chawe.

The previous partnership trial balance as of 30 June 2024 was as follows:

Description GH¢ GH¢
Capital accounts – Atsu 12,519
Capital accounts – Baba 65,844
Capital accounts – Chawe 33,618
Trade receivables 138,615
Inventories at 1 July 2023 6,000
Operating expenses 419,166
Investment 300
Bank overdraft 33,510
Trade payables 52,218
Revenue 565,296
Total 663,543 663,543

Additional Information:

  1. Inventory remains at GH¢6,000.
  2. Full provision is required for an irrecoverable debt of GH¢3,450.
  3. Adjustments agreed by partners:
    • The investment is to be included at GH¢4,500.
    • Goodwill, which remains in the books, is valued at GH¢72,000.
  4. On 1 July 2024, GH¢30,000 due to Atsu was transferred to Dua. The balance due to Atsu is to be repaid over three years, commencing on 1 July 2024.
  5. Dua introduced cash of GH¢22,500 to the partnership.

Required:
i) Prepare the statement of profit or loss and appropriation account of the previous partnership for the year ended 30 June 2024 and a statement of financial position at that date. (9 marks)
ii) Prepare the statement of financial position for the current partnership as of 1 July 2024. (6 marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FA – May 2012 – L1 – SB – Q6 – Financial Statements Preparation

Prepare Statements of Affairs for two years and calculate opening capital, net worth, and profit.

Fortward Geso Trading Store maintained a single-entry system. The following information was extracted from the records:

Year Ended 31 December 2011 31 December 2010
Accrued expenses 10,000 —
Accounts receivable 196,000 130,000
Prepaid expenses — 16,000
Bank balances (40,000) 200,000
Investment 500,000 —
Cash balance 366,000 106,000
Accounts payable 74,000 90,000
Land and buildings 1,500,000 1,500,000
Delivery van 260,000 260,000
Inventories 190,000 74,000
Loan from bank 300,000 300,000

The following additional information was also made available in respect of the 2011 accounting year:
(i) Provision for doubtful debts should be made for N3,000.
(ii) Depreciation is to be provided on book value as follows:
(a) Land and buildings 5%
(b) Delivery van 10%
(iii) Additional capital of N250,000 was introduced into the business during the year.
(iv) The owner of the store withdrew a total sum of N20,000 during the year.

You are required to:
Prepare the Statements of Affairs of Fortward Geso Trading Stores for the two years to show:
(a) The opening capital (6 Marks)
(b) Net worth of the business (6 Marks)
(c) Profit (3 Marks)

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q13 – Elements of Financial Statements

Identifies a component that is not part of the financial statements as defined by IAS 1.

Which of the following is NOT a component of financial statements under IAS 1?
A. Statement of financial position
B. Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
C. Statement of equity
D. Statement of changes in equity
E. Statement of cash flows

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q12 – Accounting for Inventories (IAS 2)

Identifies the costs to be included in inventory valuation under IAS 2 for a manufacturing company.

In accordance with IAS 2 – Inventories, which of the following costs should be included in the valuation of inventories of a manufacturing company?
A. Carriage outwards
B. Carriage inwards
C. General administrative overheads
D. Depreciation of land and buildings
E. Discount allowed

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q11 – Accounting Concepts

Identifies the accounting convention that suggests using a valuation method that understates rather than overstates results.

Which of the following accounting conventions suggests that accountants should use a method of valuation that understates rather than overstates results?
A. Conservatism
B. Historical
C. Monetary
D. Cost
E. Substance over form

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q10 – Accounting from Incomplete Records

Identifies the situation where the statement of affairs is used to ascertain opening equity.

Where there are no proper books of account, the equity at the commencement of a period is ascertained by preparing:
A. Statement of profit or loss
B. Statement of financial position
C. Statement of affairs
D. Bank reconciliation statement
E. Receivables and payables account

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q9 – Elements of Financial Statements

Determines the balance on the share premium account after a rights issue.

What will be the balance on the share premium account after the rights issue?

Item N’000
Ordinary share capital: 200,000 shares of 50k each 100
Premium account 150

The company made a rights issue of 1 for 5 at N1.50, and the rights issue was fully subscribed.

A. N90,000
B. N140,000
C. N150,000
D. N190,000
E. N200,000

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q8 – Elements of Financial Statements

Determines the amount credited to share capital from a rights issue.

The capital structure of Baba Oba Limited is shown below:

Item N’000
Ordinary share capital: 200,000 shares of 50k each 100
Premium account 150

The company made a rights issue of 1 for 5 at N1.50, and the rights issue was fully subscribed.

What is the amount of the rights issue credited to share capital?
A. N20,000
B. N40,000
C. N50,000
D. N70,000
E. N100,000

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q7 – Partnership Accounts

Calculation of goodwill using average super profits for a partnership.

The partnership of A, B, and C made a net profit for the past five years as shown below:

Year Profit (N’000)
2014 30,000
2015 18,000
2016 9,000
2017 15,000
2018 21,000

The firm wishes to admit D, for this reason it has decided that the fair value of goodwill is 4 years purchase of the average super profits over the last 5 years. The normal profit is N6,000,000 per annum.

What is the value of goodwill?
A. N42,400
B. N46,400
C. N49,200
D. N50,400
E. N62,200

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q6 – Control Accounts

Identifies a feature that does not describe a control account.

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a control account?
A. It is maintained by the financial controller.
B. It is used to check arithmetical accuracy of the ledger to which it relates.
C. The ledger to which it relates is known as self-financing.
D. It helps in the detection of fraud and error.
E. The entries therein appear on the same side as they do in the individual accounts.

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q5 – Accounting for Inventories in Accordance with IAS 2

Effect of closing inventory overvaluation on reported profit.

The closing inventories of a firm were overvalued by N300,000 due to an overcast error in one of the inventory valuation sheets.

How would the correction of this affect the reported profit?
A. Increase reported profit by N300,000
B. Reduce reported profit by N300,000
C. No effect on the reported profit
D. Increase reported profit by N600,000
E. Reduce reported profit by N600,000

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  • 1 Marks

FA – Nov 2020 – L1 – SA – Q4 – Elements of Financial Statements

Identification of correct and incorrect items in the statement of cash flows.

Which of the following is/are correct?

I. A statement of cash flow prepared using the direct method produces a different figure for operating cash flow than that produced by the indirect method.
II. Rights issue of shares does not feature in the statement of cash flow.
III. Revaluation surplus of a non-current asset is not recognized as an item in the statement of cash flow.
IV. A profit on the sale of a non-current asset is recognized as an item under cash flows from investing activities in a cash flow statement.

A. I and IV
B. II and III
C. II and IV
D. III
E. I and III

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