Subject: CORPORATE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND ETHICS (CSME)

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CR – May 2017 – L3 – Q2 – Emerging Trends in Corporate Reporting

Analyze and compare the performance of Lanke Plc and its group for 2014 and 2015 using selected financial ratios.

The following figures have been extracted from the financial statements of Lanke Plc and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2015:

The directors of Lanke Plc would like to know how the individual performance of the company and that of the group compares with each other and over the two years. In particular, they are interested in performance measures around profitability, long-term solvency, and asset utilization using only the ratios indicated below. They would also want a brief explanation of why the analysis of the performance of a single company may differ from that of a group company.

Required:

Prepare a performance report that addresses the needs of the directors of Lanke Plc for the two-year period 2014 and 2015.

Note: Limit your ratio computation to the following:

  • Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
  • Profit Margin
  • Asset Turnover
  • Gearing
  • Interest Cover
    (Show all workings)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q7 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

This question discusses the application of risk management frameworks in an IT start-up, focusing on Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), ISO31000, and the ALARP strategy.

An Information Technology start-up located in Lagos is planning to establish a robust risk management system that covers all its activities. You have been engaged as a consultant to advise it on how an effective risk management framework can be incorporated into the company’s processes to ensure that all risks that could impair the achievement of organisational goals are effectively managed.

Required:
a. Suggest to your client a risk management framework that the management can adopt using the following:
i. Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) (6 Marks)
ii. ISO31000 frameworks (3 Marks)

b. Draft an enterprise risk management strategy for the firm, using ALARP. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q6 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

This question identifies types of risk in a volatile business environment, using the Turnbull Report.

Today’s business environment is often described by many experts as Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA). Some of the driving forces of the VUCA environment include COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Europe, global warming, and a rapidly changing technological environment.

The impact of the VUCA environment on the global economy includes inflation, dwindling consumers’ purchasing power, rising energy costs, among others, leading to an increase in a sense of turbulence, danger, and unpredictability. With the volatility in the business environment also comes frequent changes in laws and regulations affecting businesses, a factor that adds instability to an already unstable business environment.

You have been asked by a start-up company in the consumer goods retailing business to provide advice on risk management as it concerns the global economy. The company is planning to launch an online retail store with a focus on the global consumer goods market.

Required:
Using the Turnbull Report and drawing from the given scenario, identify and explain to your client the types of risk that are inherent in the VUCA business environment. (15 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q5 – Ethics in Business

This question covers the definition and importance of social thinking, key social thinking concepts, and intervention methods to improve social skills.

Prepare a presentation on social skills, detailing the following:

a. Definition and importance of social thinking (3 Marks)
b. Key concepts in social thinking (8 Marks)
c. Social thinking interventions (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Discuss the relationship models between accountants and clients, recommending the most suitable and least suitable models.

There are different models of relationship between a professional accountant and his/her clients. In the context of the above:

a. Explain the different models of relationship between a professional accountant and his/her clients. (16 Marks)

b. Which of the models in (a) above would you recommend, and which do you consider to be the least recommended? (Provide justification for your choices) (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Clarify key concepts in risk management for an investor considering a new business venture.

Professor Akinlabi has been teaching physics at a frontline public university in Nigeria for 30 years. He made quite some money from research grants and has over the years saved about 75 million naira, which he has been keeping in a fixed deposit facility. He complained to his friend, Dr. Albert, who is a professional accountant and expert in risk management, about the low interest rate on fixed deposits and how the high inflation rate in the country is fast eroding the real value of his savings. He is thinking of investing his savings in a poultry farm, but he is quite averse to risks.

Having tried to get some information on the diverse dimensions and dynamics of risks involved in business, he asked Dr. Albert to offer some clarifications. As Dr. Albert, you are required to offer clarifications on the following:

a. Exposure to risk and the nature of qualitative risks. (5 Marks)

b. Residual risk. (3 Marks)

c. The dynamic nature of risk assessment. (7 Marks)

d. Risk-based approach to business. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q2 – Sustainability and Strategic Management

Develop a sustainable development blueprint using specific environmental and social reporting frameworks.

You have been appointed as a consultant to a company manufacturing microchips in Nigeria. The company’s management and board of directors want to implement a sustainable development agenda. You have been asked to develop a blueprint of financial and environmental reporting that captures the influence of the company’s activities on the physical and social environment.

Required:

a. Define the term ‘Sustainable Development’. (1 Mark)

b. Suggest frameworks for environmental and social reporting using the following:

  • i. Triple Bottom Line (4 Marks)
  • ii. Balanced Scorecard (BSC) (4 Marks)
  • iii. Sustainability Assessment Model (SAM) (4 Marks)

c. What are the steps involved in implementing the SAM approach to measure a product’s performance over its entire life-cycle? (7 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2023 – L2 – Q1 – Business-Level Strategies

Analyze DITA’s strategy consistency with Porter’s six principles of strategic positioning and classify its strategic position.

Adeoye Oladejo was an exceptionally brilliant student. He graduated from the Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism in the Second-Class Upper Division. He was fortunate to undertake his youth service in Lagos with Dovic International Travel Agency (DITA), which apart from sales of tickets and hotel reservations, is reputed for organizing tours for individuals and groups to different parts of the world. By dint of hard work and impressive results in attracting clients to the travel agency, Adeoye was made a sales manager immediately after completing his service year. He held this position for two years, after which he was made a senior operations manager, a position he held before becoming the CEO.

The motto of the company is “service optimized,” and the company is very clear about its primary strategic goal, which is to optimize profit in the short, medium, and long terms. Hence, Adeoye, as the company CEO, undertook a specialized MBA course in International Business Management. He also wrote a book titled Optimizing Profit in International Tourism. In addition, he employed a business manager and an operations manager with very strong backgrounds in financial planning and strategic thinking, apart from the vast experience they acquired in the field of international tourism.

To ensure that DITA remains highly competitive in the global tourism arena, the company has different tourism packages for its clients from all parts of the world. These include cheap airfares, highly-rated hotels at unbelievably low prices, amazing tourist attractions, and the inclusion of rated artists (musicians, comedians, etc.) for the pleasure of their clients. What is quite significant is the fact that DITA has been able to establish excellent working relationships with airlines, hotels, and various service providers in the tourism industry, enabling it to provide world-class services at unbelievably cheap rates that its competitors find difficult to match.

Of course, the services that DITA offers are similar to those of its competitors in the tourism industry, but DITA has been able to introduce special flavors into its packages that render them more attractive than those of its competitors. These include free massages, horse riding, scuba diving, exquisite dinners, welcome parties, limousine airport shuttles, and much more.

However, DITA’s business strategies have trade-offs, which in the short, medium, and long terms offer it some competitive advantage. For instance, it does not offer services to large groups of people exceeding 50 at a time. Thus, it does not offer pilgrimage services. Nonetheless, DITA has become very popular among rated organizations, family groups, groups of friends, and other relatively small teams interested in organized tours to special places worldwide. Another trade-off of DITA’s strategies is that it does not sell travel tickets to individuals, only to groups.

Over two years, the CEO of DITA, in conjunction with the business and operations managers, has successfully established a synergy of all the elements of their business, making them intricately and seamlessly linked together, resulting in great success and a high return on investment for DITA.

To ensure continuity of its strategic direction, DITA organizes periodic training retreats for its staff and sends them on specialized training to enhance their productivity and commitment to the vision, strategic goals, and core values of the company. By doing so, it is systematically creating an impressive organizational culture that is key to its success. Overall, DITA has become a huge success story and a remarkable leader in the international tourism industry.

Required:

a. Discuss how the operations of DITA are consistent with Porter’s six principles of strategic positioning and how individual firms can achieve sustainable competitive advantage. (24 Marks)

b. A business entity can be classified as any one of the FOUR types in terms of strategic position.

i. Identify and briefly explain each of these types. (3 Marks)

ii. To which of these does DITA belong? (3 Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q7 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Assessing risk in importing machinery and comparing finance vs. operating lease strategies for construction equipment.

EXPEE CONSTRUCTION PLC.

Expee Construction Plc. has been awarded a contract to construct a 50-kilometer feeder road from Abekoko to Idi Magoro by Adatan State. Unfortunately, the company’s earth-moving machine (bulldozer) suffered a major mechanical fault, making it impossible to mobilize to the site for execution of the contract.

Similar machines are not available for sale in the open market. Management is therefore considering the option of either importing a new machine from Japan or leasing one from Odogunyan Machines Limited located in Eko-Akete. The lease may be a finance or operating lease; either option would release the machine to the lessee for immediate use. Management’s decision on this choice is dependent on its willingness to either retain or transfer the risks involved in the usage of the machine.

Required:

a. Evaluate the risk exposure of the company in adopting the import option.
(5 Marks)

b. Identify and formulate strategies that might be used by the company in managing:

i. The finance lease option
(5 Marks)

ii. The operating lease option
(5 Marks)

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MGE – Nov 2014 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Evaluating stakeholder impact and ethical principles in response to financial reporting manipulation.

Gloria Okeke is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Magi and Magi Pharmaceuticals, which produces drugs for the Lagoona region of the country. Gloria is convinced that the company is doing quite well and the management is following due process in terms of structure and governance. She believes that this is the reason for the company’s steady growth in terms of revenue, profit, and earnings.

In 2013, Magi and Magi Pharmaceuticals made a profit of 70% over and above the 2012 results. Mr. Joeb, the Chief Accountant, is quite impressed and is of the opinion that the company should make full disclosure of its profits in the Financial Statements, thinking this would engender greater confidence and attract additional investment in the company.

However, Gloria, claiming to be the boss, instructed Joeb to increase her compensation and inflate the cost of production of pharmaceutical drugs to reduce the disclosed profit of the company.

Joeb outrightly disagreed with Gloria’s instruction, giving her a long talk about his duty to comply with his Institute’s professional rules of conduct. However, Gloria cut short the meeting, saying that she did not wish to entertain any further discussion about her decision. She advised Joeb, in his own interest, to implement her instructions.

Required:

a. As a chartered accountant, specify any THREE categories of stakeholders that Joeb should consider in taking any professional decision or action with regard to the instruction stated above and give reasons for your choice.
(7½ Marks)

b. Discuss the basic principles of ethics that Joeb, as a chartered accountant, should comply with in the course of carrying out his professional responsibilities.
(7½ Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Evaluate the morality of government approval for the Nesquake coffee processing plant using ethical models.

The maker of Nesquake, a popular coffee brand, is planning to build a coffee processing plant in Epe, Lagos State. By virtue of production capacity, this will be the biggest coffee plant in Sub-Saharan Africa. This plant has the capacity not only to meet the coffee needs of the country but also meet the premium and regular coffee demands of West and Central Africa, generating over one thousand direct and ten thousand indirect jobs in the process. It is anticipated that the plant will provide huge company and personal income tax revenue to the government while also generating foreign exchange for the country. The company plans to use eco-friendly cutting-edge technology in its production processes. However, as the only available option, the company intends to import 100% of the coffee beans from Katanga, an East African country notorious for the use of child labour in the production of coffee beans. Recently, Amnesty International called for the boycott of Katanga’s coffee beans due to what has been adjudged unethical and inhuman labour practices. Despite this fact, the makers of Nesquake have secured all necessary approvals from the Federal Government and have consequently commenced construction of the coffee processing plants.

Required:
Evaluate the morality of government’s approval of the project using the following:
a. Tucker’s 5 Questions model (10 Marks)
b. American Accounting Association (AAA) model (10 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q3 – Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Discuss the nature of CSR, its theories, aspects, and implementation steps for the company.

At the last board meeting of a company, there was a heated argument about whether or not the company should have Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes. Some members of the board see CSR as a waste of resources, while others see it as a tool for achieving organizational goals.

Required:
a.
i. What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? (2 Marks)
ii. Explain stakeholders and shareholders theories on CSR. (2 Marks)

b. Explain to the board FIVE aspects of CSR. (10 Marks)

c. Advise the company on steps to be taken in implementing a CSR policy. (6 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Provide advice on the nature and role of the risk committee and elements of ISO 31000 for XYZ Limited.

XYZ Limited is a company seeking to meet regulatory requirements for listing on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. As such, the company wants to make several changes in its risk management system.

Required:
You have been contracted to provide advice on:
a. The nature and role of the risk committee. (8 Marks)
b. The elements of the ISO 31000 risk management framework, including the 7Rs and 4Ts of implementing an enterprise-wide risk management system. (12 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2021 – L2 – Q1 – Strategic Implementation

Advise on organizational structures and change management strategies for Bluebird Group Plc's transformation.

Bluebird Group Plc is a Nigerian multinational manufacturing company with head
office in Nigeria and factories in Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal, Cote d‟Ivoire and Mali. The
company produces electrical and electronic appliances which include refrigerators,
washing machines, pressing irons, television sets and cameras. It controls about 10%
of the market for these products in the West African market.
The company hopes to improve on its performance and competitive position over the
next ten years. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic came acceleration of
developments that heralded the fourth industrial revolution (also known as Industry
4.0) which has reshaped the contemporary business environment. Some of the
changes brought about by industry 4.0 include introduction of artificial intelligence,
manufacture of smart home appliances, use of robotic and blockchain technology
which could enable the head office access all enterprise activities across all locations
on real time. Many of the competitors of Bluebird Group have started introducing
these changes into their operations to maintain and improve their competitive
position.
In order to remain competitive and maintain its leadership position in the industry,
the management of Bluebird Group Plc has decided to make requisite changes in all
its operations. Its goal is to improve efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness,
innovativeness and ability to respond quickly to rapid changes in the business
environment. In order to achieve these, the company hopes to introduce up-to-date
cutting edge technology in its entire value chain. It also hopes to commence
production of smart home appliances to meet growing consumers‟ demand. To this
end, the company has contracted relevant vendors to supply needed equipment for
smart manufacturing and automation. It is anticipated that these changes have to be
supported by needed transformation in the company‟s organisational structure. Also,
the company intends to introduce Just-in-time production system and lean
manufacturing which will enable it produce bespoke appliances for different groups
of consumers. This is more compelling by the need to switch to team-based cross
functional approach in carrying out all its operations.

The company also recognises the need for reskilling of its workers as a fall-out of the
introduction of industry 4.0 to its operations to combat redundancy and reduce
layoffs.
The management of Bluebird Group Plc anticipates that these planned
transformations will make it necessary to take the following steps: Firstly, the
implementation of an effective enterprise-wide risk management strategy to mitigate
the attendant risks that such changes will bring. Secondly, there is the need to
implement an effective change management strategy for the anticipated outcomes to
be realised. The need for this is more evident with fear of retrenchment being
expressed by workers‟ trade unions.
You have just been engaged as a consultant to the company to advise on effective
business process reengineering and change management

Required:
a.
i. Explain briefly suitable organisational structures available to Bluebird Group
Plc. and their respective merits and demerits. (10 Marks)
ii. Advise the management of Bluebird Group Plc. on the best organisational
structure to adopt to achieve its stated objectives. (2 Marks)
b.
i. Explain FOUR Mintzberg‟s organisational configurations. (4 Marks)
ii. Drawing from the Mintzberg organisational configuration model, advise
Bluebird Group on the best organisational configuration to adopt. (3 Marks)
c. From the given scenario, identify the various risks associated with the proposed
changes to Bluebird Group Plc. (5 Marks)
d. Using the Gemini 4Rs Model, suggest to Bluebird Group an effective change
management strategy. (6 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Governance

Provide a defence for the unitary board structure, outline core roles, and discuss the composition and size of the board.

It is important that, as a member of the board of directors of a company, you have a good understanding of the nature, types, and structures of a board.

You are required to:
a. Provide a defence for the unitary board structure. (5 Marks)
b. Outline the core roles of a board of directors. (5 Marks)
c. Provide a broad overview of the composition and size of a unitary board of directors. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Explain the BCG Model with a diagram to analyze a firm's business portfolio, detailing the four product categories.

As part of a training session in strategic management, deploy a diagram to explain how a firm would use the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) model to analyze its business portfolio. Explain each category of products identified in the BCG model.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q5 – Ethics in Business

Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts based on ICAN's professional code of conduct.

You have been invited to facilitate a session on how to deal with ethical conflicts based on the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria code of professional conduct. Discuss the six stages in handling ethical conflicts.

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q4 – Ethics in Business

Discuss ethical considerations for accountants, actions to serve the public interest, and the nature and purpose of a corporate code of ethics.

There is an increasing demand on professional accountants to pay close attention to ethical standards as they carry out their professional duties. This requires, among other considerations, that accountants act professionally and in the public interest. They are also expected to abide by the code of ethics of their profession and the corporate code of ethics of the organization in which they work.

Required:

a. Discuss the ethical considerations a professional accountant should attend to in the discharge of professional duties. (6 Marks)

b. What specific actions are you expected to take in order to serve the public interest? (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the nature and purpose of corporate code of ethics. (9 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q3 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explain the processes of identifying, assessing, measuring, and prioritizing risks, and discuss the impact on stakeholders.

Success and profit maximization in business are premised on factors that include the ability to identify, assess, and measure risks. As a risk manager, how would you explain the following to a group of prospective entrepreneurs in ways that would adequately equip them to deal with operational, business, and strategic risks?

a. Risk identification (4 Marks)
b. The impact of risk on any four stakeholders (4 Marks)
c. Assessing risks: impact and probability (4 Marks)
d. Measuring risks (4 Marks)
e. Prioritizing risks (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2018 – L2 – Q2 – Corporate Governance

Identify five key corporate governance issues for expansion and principles of good corporate governance for PKL Restaurants Limited.

PKL Restaurants Limited was established in 1995 and now has 12 branches in different parts of Lagos. The company wants to expand its operations to Abuja and Port Harcourt. Consequently, it seeks to restructure the business and build structures for good corporate governance.

Required:

a. Develop a proposal highlighting five key issues of corporate governance. (10 Marks)

b. Evaluate five principles of good corporate governance that the company should adhere to. (10 Marks)

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