Subject: CORPORATE REPORTING

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  • 14 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Financial Performance & Digital Technology Integration

Evaluating the financial performance of Nsawkaw PLC and addressing challenges of digital technology integration in accounting.

(a) Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:
i) Operating profit margin
ii) Return on parent’s equity
iii) Earnings per share
iv) Current ratio
v) Trade receivables days
vi) Total liabilities to total assets %

(b) Write a report to the directors of DPEF evaluating the inter-period financial performance and position of NK using the above six (6) ratios. The report should draw attention to how the non-financial metrics combine with the financial counterparts to showcase the prospects and viability of NK.                                                                      c) The concept of double materiality is relevant to sustainability impacts and dependencies. It
incorporates financial materiality and impact materiality. 

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  • 6 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Financial Analysis and Investment Evaluation

Compute financial ratios for Nsawkaw PLC to evaluate its financial performance for investment recommendation.

Nsawkaw PLC (NK), a gold processing and trading company, has been identified by Djaraye Private Equity Fund (DPEF) as a target for long-term equity investment. As a financial consultant of DPEF, you have been tasked to evaluate the integrated financial condition of NK and make an investment recommendation.

Below are the summarised versions of NK’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended June 30, 2024 (together with its comparative period):

Summarised Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 June 2024

2024 (GH¢000) 2023 (GH¢000)
Revenue 2,538,000 2,125,000
Operational expenses (1,909,100) (1,592,900)
Interest costs (186,700) (157,250)
Taxation (234,000) (198,500)
Profit after tax 208,200 176,350
Other comprehensive income 17,900 10,550
Total comprehensive income 226,100 186,900

Summarised Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 30 June 2024

Equity Holders of the Parent (GH¢000) Non-controlling Interests’ Equity (GH¢000) Total Equity (GH¢000)
2024
Balances b/d 457,200 65,600 522,800
Total comprehensive income 190,800 35,300 226,100
Dividends (110,000) (8,700) (118,700)
Balances c/d 538,000 92,200 630,200
2023
Balances b/d 355,000 46,650 401,650
Total comprehensive income 160,500 26,400 186,900
Dividends (58,300) (7,450) (65,750)
Balances c/d 457,200 65,600 522,800

Summarised Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024

2024 (GH¢000) 2023 (GH¢000)
Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment 718,000 657,000
Others 156,000 99,000
Total Non-current assets 874,000 756,000
Current assets
Trade receivables 140,000 121,000
Others 236,500 123,050
Total Current assets 376,500 244,050
Total Assets 1,250,500 1,000,050
Total Equity and Liability 1,250,500 1,000,050

Additional information:

  1. The total number of equity shares outstanding was 1.2 million and 1.4 million at 30 June 2023 and 30 June 2024 respectively.
  2. Other comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2024 amounted to GH¢8.05 million and GH¢9.6 million respectively.
  3. Non-current liabilities at 30 June 2023 and 30 June 2024 amounted to GH¢250,800 and GH¢308,510 respectively.
  4. The following metrics have been gleaned from NK’s published sustainability reports across the two years:
Metric 2024 2023
Scope 1 & 2 carbon emissions (tonnes of CO2) 650 780
Scope 3 carbon emissions (tonnes of CO2) 2,400 2,380
Women in senior management (%) 21 16
Total recordable injury frequency rate (TRIFR) per 100 full-time workers 3.3 4.1

The scope and definitions of the above sustainability measures have remained materially unchanged across the two years.

Required:

Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:

  1. Operating profit margin
  2. Return on parent’s equity
  3. Earnings per share
  4. Current ratio
  5. Trade receivables days
  6. Total liabilities to total assets %

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – Consolidation and Financial Reporting

Discuss the appropriate reporting figures a parent company should include in its consolidated financial statements when its subsidiaries have different reporting dates.

A parent company has a year-end of 31 December 2023. One of its subsidiaries has a year-end of 30 June 2023, and another has a year-end of 30 September 2023.

Required:
What figures should the parent include in its consolidated financial statements in respect of these subsidiaries?

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Corporate Reconstruction

Prepare the capital reduction account and the statement of financial position for Mensimah Ltd after reconstruction.

Mensimah LTD (Mensimah) has been experiencing poor trading conditions over the last three years. As a result, it has been difficult to generate revenues and profits in the current year leading to very high inventory levels. Also, Mensimah has defaulted in paying interest due to the loan note holders for two years. Even though the debentures are secured against the land & buildings, the loan note holders have demanded either a scheme of reconstruction or the liquidation of Mensimah.

As the above trading difficulties have significantly threatened the going concern status of Mensimah, the directors as well as representatives of the shareholders and loan holders in a meeting decided to design the following scheme of reconstruction:

  1. The assets were independently valued and should now be recognised at the following amounts:

    Asset Category Amount (GH¢)
    Land 64,000
    Building 64,000
    Plant & Equipment 24,000
    Inventory 40,000

    The value of Mensimah’s investment in Adams LTD has increased to GH¢48,000 and was to be sold as part of the reconstruction scheme. As for the trade receivables, it was determined that 10% of the stated value is non-recoverable and therefore would be written off.

  2. Each GH¢1 equity share is to be redesignated as an equity share of GH¢0.25. After this, the equity shareholders would be persuaded to accept a reduction in the nominal value of their shares from GH¢1 to GH¢0.25 per share and subscribe for a new issue based on one-for-one at a price of GH¢0.30 per share.

  3. The existing 5% loan notes are to be exchanged for a new issue of GH¢28,000 9.5% loan notes, repayable in 2028, plus 112,000 equity shares of GH¢0.25 each. In addition, they will subscribe for GH¢7,200 loan notes, repayable in 2028, at par value at the rate of 9.5%.

    The 8% loan notes holders who have not received any interest for the past two years, are to receive 16,000 equity shares of GH¢0.25 each in lieu of the interest payable. It is agreed that the value of the interest liability is equivalent to the fair value of the shares to be issued. Moreover, the 8% loan notes holders have agreed to defer repayment of their loan until 2028, on condition that they are paid a higher interest rate of 9.5%.

  4. The deficit on retained earnings is to be written off and the bank overdraft is to be repaid immediately.

Mensimah’s statement of financial position as at 31 December 2023 is as follows:

Assets GH¢’000
Non-current assets
Land & buildings 154,597
Plant & equipment 48,603
Investment in Adams LTD 21,600
Total Non-Current Assets 224,800
Current assets
Inventory 96,198
Receivables 56,554
Total Current Assets 152,752
Total Assets 377,552
Equity & Liabilities GH¢’000
Equity
Equity shares (GH¢1) 160,000
Retained earnings (31,857)
Total Equity 128,143
Non-current liabilities
8% loan notes 64,000
5% loan notes 56,000
Total Non-Current Liabilities 120,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables 89,798
Interest payable 10,240
Overdraft 29,371
Total Current Liabilities 129,409
Total Equity & Liabilities 377,552

Required:

i) Prepare the capital reduction account for Mensimah LTD. 
ii) Prepare the statement of Financial Position of Mensimah LTD immediately after the reconstruction.
iii) Determine the position of each stakeholder group if the reconstruction scheme is not implemented.

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  • 10 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3b – Digital Transformation & Cybersecurity Risks

Address concerns regarding digital transformation, cybersecurity risks, regulatory compliance, and ethical dilemmas in accounting.

b) In the contemporary business landscape, the integration of digital technologies presents multifaceted challenges for accounting professionals, particularly in the areas of digital transformation, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and ethical decision-making.

You are the newly appointed Chief Finance Officer (CFO) of Fanofom Ghana Ltd (FGL), a prominent Ghanaian company that produces and exports shea butter for the cosmetics industry to several companies globally. As FGL largely deals with international customers, it is undergoing a digital transformation to enable it to operate 24/7, and thus meet the needs of its clients given the time differences around the world.

As a result, the company has recently migrated its accounting systems to a cloud-based accounting platform and implemented automation tools to streamline financial processes. However, one of the old and senior directors who described himself as a BBC, a street jargon meaning “born before computer,” has expressed serious concerns about the digital transition and associated problems such as cybersecurity risks, regulatory compliance, and ethical issues that would arise due to the ongoing digital transformation.

Required:
i) Identify and explain the challenges associated with the integration of digital technologies in accounting systems with respect to:

  • Digital transition,
  • Cybersecurity risks,
  • Regulatory compliance,
  • Ethical dilemmas. (8 marks)

ii)Recommend two remedies to address the identified challenges.

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  • 10 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Share-Based Payment and Contingent Liabilities

Accounting for share-based payments and contingent liabilities in financial statements.

(i) Share-Based Payment

Pee Manka PLC (PM), a hyper-growing firm in Ghana, prepares its financial statements on 31 December.

The following information is relevant:

  • The financial statements are authorised for issue on 31 March. On 31 December 2021, PM issued share options to seven (7) of its senior executives, giving each executive the option to purchase 2 million shares at GH¢6.50 per share. The fair value of each option at that date was GH¢4.00. The exercise of the share options was conditional on the completion of two-years’ service from 31 December 2021.

The company’s share price on subsequent dates was as follows:

Date Share Price (GH¢)
31 December 2022 13.50
31 December 2023 17.50
  • On 31 March 2023, after the 2022 financial statements were authorised for issue, PM’s Chief Finance Officer, one of the seven executives, unexpectedly resigned from her position in the company.
  • On 30 April 2023 another executive, Mrs. Torsah, was dismissed.
  • The five remaining executives exercised their options on 31 December 2023.

Required:

In line with IFRS 2: Share-Based Payment, recommend how the above scenario would have been dealt with in the financial statements of PM for the year ended 31 December 2023. (6 marks)

(ii) Contingent Liabilities and Share-Based Payment

  • Mrs. Torsah, who was dismissed, immediately instigated legal proceedings against PM, and it was probable, on the 28 February 2024, that she would be deemed to have completed the two-year qualifying period of her share option agreement.
  • Legal advice at that time was that she was also likely to be awarded GH¢3.5 million in compensation, and that it was possible that this could rise to GH¢5.8 million.

Required:

In line with IFRS 2: Share-Based Payment and IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, explain how the above scenario would impact your results in (i) above.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2c – Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Compute the pension amounts for Oboisah PLC under IAS 19.

Oboisah PLC (Oboisah) operates a defined benefit pension plan for employees who commenced employment with the company prior to 1 April 2021. The pension scheme is non-contributory.

At 31 March 2023, the Group recorded a net defined liability of GH¢157 million. The following information relates to the year ended 31 March 2024:

Description Amount (GH¢ million)
Employer contributions paid on 31 March 2024 43
Benefits paid 16
Current service cost 42
Curtailment gain 3
Present value of defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2024 498
Value of plan assets at 31 March 2024 315

The average yield on relevant corporate bonds was 20% on 1 April 2023. Entries so far made in respect of the employer contributions have been incorrectly debited to accounts receivable and credited to cash. Benefits paid have been correctly recorded.

Required:

In line with IAS 19: Employee Benefits, determine how much pension amounts should be included in the financial statements of Oboisah PLC for the year ended 31 March 2024. Show the appropriate extracts for the above and any correction entries, if necessary.

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  • 5 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Accounting for Legal Claims

Assess and account for a legal claim against Agropah PLC under IAS 37.

ropah PLC (Agropah) prepares its financial statements to 30 June and usually authorizes them for issue on 25 August.

On 15 July 2024, Agropah received notice of a legal claim made by Odametey, a customer, for loss of profits allegedly due to the supply of faulty goods by Agropah on 30 April 2024. The amount claimed was GH¢5 million.

The directors of Agropah have estimated the following possible outcomes in respect of this legal claim:

  • 28% chance that the claim will not succeed.
  • 45% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢3.2 million.
  • 27% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢5 million.

Required:

In line with IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets, explain how this legal claim should be accounted for and reported in the financial statements of Agropah for the year ended 30 June 2024.

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  • 10 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Lease Accounting and Foreign Exchange

Discuss lease accounting treatment and foreign exchange effects on lease payments.

On 1 January 2023, Fabin Ghana Airlines PLC (FGA) leased a new fuel-efficient aircraft from German Jets Builders PLC (GJB) for ten (10) years, with an option to extend the lease period for five (5) additional years. However, at lease inception, FGA determined that the renewal option was not economically beneficial and would not be exercised.

The lease formed part of FGA’s sustainability strategy to green its air operations. Lease payments were structured as follows:

  • Fixed annual lease payments of €6 million, payable at each year-end starting 31 December 2023.
  • An additional 5% annual payment, conditional on FGA’s aircraft noise footprints and nitrogen oxide emissions declining by at least 15% and 10%, respectively.
  • At 31 December 2023, the Sustainability Committee determined that these environmental targets were met.

Additional lease details:

  • Estimated residual value of €15 million at 31 December 2032 and €10 million at 31 December 2037.
  • Residual Value Guarantee: FGA guaranteed that the relevant residual value will not drop below 30%.
  • Initial Direct Costs: GH¢500,000 was incurred in setting up the lease.
  • Discount Rate: 12%
  • Exchange Rates:
    • 1 January 2023: €1 = GH¢10
    • 31 December 2023: €1 = GH¢12
    • Average rate: €1 = GH¢11

Discount Factors at 12%:

Year Single-Period Factor Annuity Factor
10 0.32 5.65
14 0.20 6.63
15 0.18 6.81

Required:

In line with IFRS 16: Leases and IAS 21: Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss how this lease should be accounted for in the financial statements of FGA for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Okaekwei PLC, considering acquisitions and fair value adjustments.

The following financial statements relate to Okaekwei PLC (Okaekwei), Ablekuma PLC (Ablekuma), and Katamanso PLC (Katamanso), three companies operating in the manufacturing industry.

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 October 2024

Description Okaekwei (GH¢’000) Ablekuma (GH¢’000) Katamanso (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment 88,307 53,657 82,875
Investments 102,500 78,095 –
Total Non-current Assets 190,807 131,752 82,875
Current assets:
Inventory 9,492 4,618 14,642
Trade receivables 4,573 8,101 18,085
Cash and Bank 11,625 4,599 30,056
Total Current Assets 25,690 17,318 62,783
Total Assets 216,497 149,070 145,658
Equity & Liabilities:
Share capital (GH¢1) 106,250 63,750 61,625
Retained earnings 38,607 42,361 27,025
Other component of equity 3,825 3,060 2,678
Total Equity 148,682 109,171 91,328
Liabilities:
Non-current liabilities 40,851 20,327 31,582
Current liabilities 26,964 19,572 22,748
Total Liabilities 67,815 39,899 54,330
Total Equity & Liabilities 216,497 149,070 145,658

Additional Information:

  1. Acquisition of Katamanso:

    • On 1 November 2023, Ablekuma acquired 60% of the ordinary shares of Katamanso at a cost of GH¢55 million.
    • Due diligence costing GH¢0.25 million was undertaken and included in the investment cost.
    • Retained earnings and other components of equity of Katamanso at acquisition were GH¢21.6 million and GH¢1.65 million, respectively.

  2. Fair Value Adjustments:

    • A fair value exercise was conducted, with a building’s fair value exceeding its carrying value by GH¢1.2 million (remaining useful life: 20 years).
    • The financial statements of Katamanso do not yet reflect this adjustment.
    • Non-controlling interest is measured using the proportionate share of identifiable net assets.

  3. Acquisition of Ablekuma by Okaekwei:

    • On 1 November 2022, Okaekwei purchased 80% of the ordinary shares of Ablekuma for GH¢92 million.
    • The investment value reflects the fair value of the subsidiary at 31 October 2024.
    • Retained earnings and other equity components at acquisition: GH¢29.6 million and GH¢2.32 million.

  4. Deferred Tax on Fair Value Adjustments:

    • Deferred tax is to be provided at 25% on temporary differences arising from fair value adjustments.

  5. Intragroup Transactions:

    • On 1 June 2024, Ablekuma sold inventory (cost: GH¢2 million) to Katamanso for GH¢1.8 million.
    • As of 31 October 2024, these goods were still in Katamanso’s inventory, valued at the purchase cost. The fair value of the inventory at year-end was GH¢1.78 million.

  6. Intragroup Transfer of PPE:

    • On 1 August 2024, Okaekwei transferred a production machine to Ablekuma at GH¢2 million (carrying value: GH¢2.4 million).
    • The remaining useful life was five years, but Ablekuma depreciates it over four years.
    • Okaekwei harmonizes accounting policies upon consolidation.

Required:

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position of Okaekwei PLC as at 31 October 2024.

(All workings are to be rounded to the nearest thousand).

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q7 – Impairment of Assets (IAS 36)

Evaluate the accounting treatment for non-current assets held for sale, impairments, and intangible assets for Ondo Telecoms Limited under IFRS.

ONDO TELECOMS LIMITED

Ondo Telecoms Limited is one of the biggest telecoms companies in Abuja. One month after the year-end, the Chief Finance Officer (CFO), while reviewing the company’s activities came up with the following issues for the year ended 30 September, 2014:

(a) The Board of Directors is not impressed with the performance of the Home Broadband operating segment which posted a loss of N1.7 billion in 2014 financial year following another loss of N0.8 billion in the 2013 financial year.

(b) The carrying amount of the assets in the segment is N4.3 billion as at 30 September, 2014 and N4.5 billion as at 30 September, 2013. Professional valuers were engaged and they came up with a fair value of N4.2 billion as at 30 September, 2013.

(c) The Board of Directors made the final decision in June 2014 to sell off the assets in this segment and concentrate on other business lines. Since the beginning of September, four serious bidders have been negotiating with Ondo. The board anticipates the sale to be concluded by the end of May 2015 with the transaction cost of N0.3 million.

(d) On 1 November 2013, Ondo Telecoms Limited acquired a block of flats with an estimated useful life of 50 years at a total cost of N225 million. The blocks of flats are to be rented out to its employees and engineers at market prices. The decision to acquire the block of flats was made by the board due to the need to have the engineers close to the head office to attend to technical issues immediately they arise.

(e) Professional valuers were engaged to value the flats as at 30 September, 2014 and a fair value of N232 million was determined.

(f) International Telecom Limited, which acquired Edo Communications Limited during the year, has just published its results. Edo Communications Limited was a direct competitor to Ondo Telecoms Limited and does similar business. The CFO noted that International Telecom Ltd. shows an asset of N110 million arising from Edo Communication Limited customer lists’. This made the CFO realize how valuable the customer details are and has engaged a professional valuer who valued them at N98 million.

(g) Over the years, Ondo Telecoms Limited’s main business has been the provision of mobile and fixed landlines services as well as broadband services. In July 2013, Ondo Telecoms Limited bid for the award of a subscription television license from the government.

(h) Ondo Telecoms Limited won the bid and paid N560 million for a five-year license beginning 1 October 2013. The license is transferred and at the time of winning the bid, the fair value of the license was estimated at N580 million. Due to the slow uptake of the television business, the license was revalued at N420 million as at 30 September, 2014 by a professional valuer.

Required:
Advise, with suitable computations, how the above transactions should be accounted for in the financial statements of Ondo Telecoms Limited under IFRS for the year ended 30 September, 2014.

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q6 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Analyze the financial reporting needs and efficiency challenges of not-for-profit organizations, including asset valuation at cost vs. fair value.

NICE & DICE

NICE & DICE is a large charity located in Abuja and set up to provide support and assistance to disadvantaged people in major cities. Most of the charity’s income comes from members of the public through direct cash collections and regular monthly payments from donors. The other source of funding comes from government bodies who give grants to support specific projects that are recognized as being beneficial to the public good.

The charity publishes a detailed annual report. Performance is described largely in terms of an analysis of income received and the manner in which it has been spent. The trustees are concerned that this type of analysis does not really reflect the performance of the charity. They would like to report performance in terms of the work done rather than in terms of cash inflows and outflows. They want donors to appreciate how efficient the charity is.

The statement of financial position of the charity is a typical one for a large organization. NICE & DICE owns numerous properties in Abuja, some of which have been owned for many years. These are shown at historical cost less depreciation. The trustees do not wish to revalue the properties because this will create the impression that the charity is wealthy and that it does not require further financial support.

Required:
(a) Prepare a report to the trustees of Nice & Dice advising them on the reasons why specialized entities are required to publish detailed information about their activities. (5 Marks)
(b) Analyze the problems of quantifying and reporting the efficiency of not-for-profit organizations such as Nice & Dice. (5 Marks)
(c) Discuss the decision of the trustees to value its properties at cost less depreciation rather than at fair value. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q5 – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Discuss the need for IFRS for SMEs and evaluate simplified recognition principles for reducing reporting burdens on Jossy Limited.

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for Small and Medium-Sized Entities (SMEs)

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for small and medium size entities (SMEs) was mandatorily adopted in Nigeria as at January 1, 2014. Entities that do not meet the IFRS for SME criteria shall report using Small and Medium Size Entities Guidelines on Accounting (SMEGA).

Jossy Limited has total costs excluding land of two-hundred million naira. Being a family business, the labor force totaled 150 workers with an annual turnover of N18 million. The management of this company sought your advice to have better understanding of some of the recognition and measurement principles of SMEs.

Required:
(a) Justify the need for IFRS for SMEs financial statements. (6 Marks)
(b) Assess the circumstances of Jossy Limited and advise on the principal recognition and measurement principles that will reduce the company’s reporting burden. (9 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q4 – Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates, and Errors (IAS 8)

Discuss implications of changes in accounting policy for intangible assets and demonstrate retrospective application in financial statements.

LIKELY EFFECT LIMITED

Likely Effect Limited has shown a sincere intention to be IFRS compliant. Among a number of events and transactions, there is the need to change the accounting policies of the company in trying to comply with a few other standards. As the Consultant of the company, your attention was drawn to the fact that prior to 2013, the company had capitalized training costs.

According to IAS 38, training cost is regarded as an internally generated intangible asset and cannot be capitalized. Therefore, there is the need for a change of accounting policy which must be applied retrospectively.

The training costs capitalized in 2012 was N6m while the total for periods before 2012 was N12m.
Training costs incurred in 2013 is N4.5m. Retained earnings were N600m and N649m at the beginning and end of 2012 respectively. The corporate income tax rate is 30% for the relevant periods. Additional information available is given below:

2013 (N’M) 2012 (N’M)
Income tax expense 24 21
Profit after tax 56 49
Share capital 50 50

Required:

(a) Advise the directors on the implication of the change in accounting standard relating to treatment of intangible assets and tax effect on the company. (5 Marks)

(b) Prepare statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and changes in equity showing a retrospective application of the change in policy. (7 Marks)

(c) Analyze the effects of the change in accounting policy on periods before 2013. (8 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q3 – Emerging Trends in Corporate Reporting

Analyze financial statements of two companies and discuss limitations of ratio analysis.

Real Expansion Plc is a large group that seeks to grow by acquisition. The directors have identified two potential entities and obtained copies of their financial statements. The accountant of the company computed key ratios to evaluate the performance of these companies relating to:

  • Profitability and returns;
  • Efficiency in the use of assets;
  • Corporate leverage; and
  • Investor-based decisions.

The computation generated hot arguments among the directors, and they decided to engage a Consultant to provide expert advice on which company to acquire.

Extracts from these financial statements are given below:

Required:

(a) As the Consultant to the company, carry out a financial analysis on the financial statements and advise the company appropriately. (15 Marks)

(b) State the major limitations of ratio analysis for performance evaluation. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q2 – Financial Instruments (IFRS 9, IAS 32, IAS 39)

Advise Alilerimba Limited on accounting for convertible bonds, revenue from handsets, and IAS 32 provisions.

The following transactions relate to Alilerimba Limited:

  1. Convertible Bonds
    • On July 1, 2011, Alilerimba Limited issued 400,000 convertible bonds with a 3-year tenure and a total fair value of N4 million, which is also the par value.
    • The bonds carried an interest rate of 16% per annum, payable annually in arrears, while similar bonds without the conversion option carried an interest rate of 19% per annum on the same date.
    • The company incurred 10% issue costs. If the investors did not convert to shares, the bonds would have been redeemed at par.
    • At maturity (June 30, 2014), all bonds were converted into 1 million ordinary shares with a nominal value of N4 per share. No conversions were allowed before maturity.
    • The directors are uncertain how to account for the bonds up to the date of conversion. They were informed that the effective interest rate, considering issue costs, was 24%.
  2. Revenue Recognition for Handsets
    • Alilerimba purchases handsets at N120,000 each and sells them to customers at N90,000, provided the customers also purchase prepaid credit cards.
    • Prepaid credit cards are sold for N12,600 each and expire after six months. The average unused credit per card at expiry is N1,800.
    • Selling costs for the handsets are estimated at N600 per unit.
    • Alilerimba also sells handsets to dealers for N50,000 each, invoicing them for this amount. Dealers are allowed to return the handsets until a service contract is signed by a customer. When a service contract is signed, the handset is given to the customer free of charge.
    • Dealers receive a commission of N168,000 per customer connection. Net of the handset cost (N90,000), Alilerimba pays N78,000 to dealers for each customer connection.
    • Handsets cannot be sold separately by dealers, and the service contract has a 12-month duration. Dealers do not sell prepaid phones, and Alilerimba earns monthly revenue from the service contracts.
    • The Chief Operating Officer, a non-accountant, has requested an explanation of the accounting principles and practices to apply for handset purchases and revenue recognition.
  3. Preference Shares
    • Alilerimba Limited issued 8% preference shares with a redemption feature that entitles holders to receive cash.

Required:

Advise the directors of Alilerimba Limited on:
(a) The accounting treatment for the convertible bonds. (12 Marks)
(b) The accounting principles and practices to apply for the purchase of handsets and recognition of revenue from customers and dealers. (6 Marks)
(c) The provisions of IAS 32 regarding the presentation in financial statements of financial instruments entitling holders to receive cash with a redemption feature. (2 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – May 2015 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Barewa Group as of 31 May 2013, considering acquisitions and adjustments.

Barewa Plc has two subsidiary companies and one associate. Since the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange, Barewa has been preparing its consolidated financial statements in accordance with the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).

The draft Statements of Financial Position of Barewa and its two subsidiaries as at 31 May, 2013 are as follows:

Assets Barewa (N’m) Megida (N’m) Mindara (N’m)
Non-current assets
Plant 2,650 2,300 1,610
Investments – Megida 3,000
Investments – Mindara 1,280
Associate (Calamari) 200
Available for sale 510 60 50
Total Non-current assets 7,640 2,360 1,660
Current assets
Inventory 1,350 550 730
Trade receivables 910 450 320
Cash and cash equivalent 1,020 1,000 80
Total Current assets 3,280 2,000 1,130
Total Assets 10,920 4,360 2,790
Equity and Liabilities
Share capital 5,200 2,200 1,000
Retained earnings 2,400 1,500 800
Other components of equity 120 40 70
Total equity 7,720 3,740 1,870
Non-current liabilities
Long-term loans 1,200 150 50
Deferred tax 250 90 30
Total non-current liabilities 1,450 240 80
Current liabilities
Trade payables 1,150 300 600
Current tax payables 600 80 240
Total current liabilities 1,750 380 840
Total Equity and Liabilities 10,920 4,360 2,790

The following information is relevant to the preparation of the group financial statements:

  • Acquisition of Megida Plc
    • Date of Acquisition: 1 June 2012
    • Barewa acquired 80% of the equity interest in Megida Plc.
    • At the date of acquisition, Megida’s retained earnings were N1.36 billion, and other components of equity amounted to N40 million.
    • There had been no new issuance of share capital by Megida since the acquisition date.
    • The consideration for the acquisition was N3 billion in cash.
    • The fair value of Megida’s identifiable net assets at acquisition was N4 billion, with the excess attributed to an increase in the value of non-depreciable land.
    • An independent valuation determined that the fair value of the non-controlling interest (NCI) in Megida on 1 June 2012 was N860 million.
    • Barewa’s policy is to measure NCI based on their proportionate share in the identifiable net assets of the subsidiary, not at fair value (full goodwill method).
  • Acquisition of Mindara Plc
    • Date of Acquisition: 1 June 2012
    • Barewa acquired 70% of the ordinary shares of Mindara Plc.
    • The consideration for the acquisition included:
      • An upfront payment of N1.28 billion.
      • A contingent consideration requiring Barewa to pay the former shareholders 30% of Mindara’s profits on 31 May 2014 for each of the financial years ending 31 May 2013 and 31 May 2014. This arrangement was valued at N120 million as of 1 June 2012 and remains unchanged. It has not been included in the financial statements.
    • The fair value of the identifiable net assets at acquisition was N1.76 billion. This included retained earnings of N550 million and other components of equity of N70 million.
    • There had been no new issuance of share capital by Mindara since the acquisition date.
    • The excess fair value of the net assets was due to an increase in property, plant, and equipment (PPE), which is depreciated on a straight-line basis over seven years.
    • The fair value of the non-controlling interest (NCI) in Mindara was N530 million on the acquisition date.
  • Investment in Calamari Plc
    • On 1 June 2011, Barewa acquired a 10% interest in Calamari Plc for N80 million. This was classified as an available-for-sale investment.
    • As of 31 May 2012, the value of this investment had increased to N90 million.
    • On 1 June 2012, Barewa acquired an additional 15% interest in Calamari for N110 million, achieving significant influence.
    • Calamari recorded profits after dividends of N60 million and N100 million for the financial years ending 31 May 2012 and 31 May 2013, respectively.
  • Equity Instrument Purchase
    • On 1 June 2012, Barewa purchased an equity instrument valued at 100 million pesos, classified as available-for-sale.
    • Relevant exchange rates:
      • 31 May 2012: N5.1 to 1 peso.
      • 31 May 2013: N5.0 to 1 peso.
    • The fair value of the instrument as of 31 May 2013 was 90 million pesos, reflecting an impairment that Barewa has not recorded.
  • Loan to a Director
    • A loan of N10 million to a director has been included in cash and cash equivalents.
    • The loan is repayable on demand with no specific repayment date.
    • The directors believe that this treatment complies with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as no IFRS explicitly prohibits showing the loan as cash.
  • Goodwill Impairment
    • There is no impairment of goodwill arising from the acquisitions.

Required

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Barewa Group as of 31 May 2013.

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Discuss the merits and challenges of adopting IFRS in Nigeria and identify local standards still applicable post-IFRS adoption.

a. ABC Plc, in accordance with the regulations of the Nigerian Stock Exchange on transition to IFRS, prepared its first IFRS Financial Statement in 2012. The Financial Statement was contained in a voluminous document of 155 pages. Some of the stakeholders found it difficult to understand the essence of the voluminous document.

You are required to prepare a brief report, highlighting the essence and merits of the adoption of IFRS by Nigerian Companies and state some of the challenges that could be encountered. (10 Marks)

b. Statements of Accounting Standards (SAS) in Nigeria have been replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); however, some of these local standards relating to industry-specific rules which are not found in IFRS are expected to be applied by companies in the industries as far as they do not conflict with IFRS.

You are required to examine the above statement and identify those statements of Accounting Standards that are still applicable after the adoption of IFRS. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Events After the Reporting Period (IAS 10)

Assess the treatment of transactions involving a property sale in accordance with IFRS 5 and evaluate the impact of events on reported gains under IAS 10.

straight-line basis at the rate of 7.5%. An impairment loss of N350,000 was recognized at the end of May 31, 2013, financial year when accumulated depreciation was N1 million. Consequently, the property was valued at its estimated value in use. The company planned to move to new premises before the property was classified as held for sale on October 1, 2013. By this time, the fair value less costs to sell was N2.4 million.

Maranathan Plc published interim financial statements on December 1, 2013, by which time the property market had improved, and the fair value less costs to sell was reassessed at N2.52 million. At the year-end, on May 31, 2014, it had improved further, so that the fair value less costs to sell was N2.95 million. The property was disposed of eventually on June 5, 2014, for N3 million.

Required:
a. Assess the above transactions based on the requirements of IFRS 5, Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate the impact of the events occurring on the property over time and on the reported gain in accordance with IAS 10, Events After the Reporting Period. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Explain the concepts of creative accounting and window dressing, provide examples, reasons, and suggest preventive measures.

Manipulation of reporting entities book’s and records have been termed in many quarters as “Creative Accounting” and “Window Dressing”. The Management of Wastage Plc requires clarification of these two concepts.

Write a report to the management of Wastage Plc that includes:
a. Definitions of Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (2 Marks)
b. Five examples of each concept. (5 Marks)
c. Three possible reasons for Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (3 Marks)
d. Advice to management on five possible preventive measures of Creative Accounting. (5 Marks)

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