Subject: CORPORATE REPORTING

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Financial Performance & Digital Technology Integration

Evaluating the financial performance of Nsawkaw PLC and addressing challenges of digital technology integration in accounting.

(a) Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:
i) Operating profit margin
ii) Return on parent’s equity
iii) Earnings per share
iv) Current ratio
v) Trade receivables days
vi) Total liabilities to total assets %

(b) Write a report to the directors of DPEF evaluating the inter-period financial performance and position of NK using the above six (6) ratios. The report should draw attention to how the non-financial metrics combine with the financial counterparts to showcase the prospects and viability of NK.                                                                      c) The concept of double materiality is relevant to sustainability impacts and dependencies. It
incorporates financial materiality and impact materiality. 

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Financial Analysis and Investment Evaluation

Compute financial ratios for Nsawkaw PLC to evaluate its financial performance for investment recommendation.

Nsawkaw PLC (NK), a gold processing and trading company, has been identified by Djaraye Private Equity Fund (DPEF) as a target for long-term equity investment. As a financial consultant of DPEF, you have been tasked to evaluate the integrated financial condition of NK and make an investment recommendation.

Below are the summarised versions of NK’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended June 30, 2024 (together with its comparative period):

Summarised Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss for the year ended 30 June 2024

2024 (GH¢000) 2023 (GH¢000)
Revenue 2,538,000 2,125,000
Operational expenses (1,909,100) (1,592,900)
Interest costs (186,700) (157,250)
Taxation (234,000) (198,500)
Profit after tax 208,200 176,350
Other comprehensive income 17,900 10,550
Total comprehensive income 226,100 186,900

Summarised Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 30 June 2024

Equity Holders of the Parent (GH¢000) Non-controlling Interests’ Equity (GH¢000) Total Equity (GH¢000)
2024
Balances b/d 457,200 65,600 522,800
Total comprehensive income 190,800 35,300 226,100
Dividends (110,000) (8,700) (118,700)
Balances c/d 538,000 92,200 630,200
2023
Balances b/d 355,000 46,650 401,650
Total comprehensive income 160,500 26,400 186,900
Dividends (58,300) (7,450) (65,750)
Balances c/d 457,200 65,600 522,800

Summarised Statement of Financial Position as at 30 June 2024

2024 (GH¢000) 2023 (GH¢000)
Non-current assets
Property, plant, and equipment 718,000 657,000
Others 156,000 99,000
Total Non-current assets 874,000 756,000
Current assets
Trade receivables 140,000 121,000
Others 236,500 123,050
Total Current assets 376,500 244,050
Total Assets 1,250,500 1,000,050
Total Equity and Liability 1,250,500 1,000,050

Additional information:

  1. The total number of equity shares outstanding was 1.2 million and 1.4 million at 30 June 2023 and 30 June 2024 respectively.
  2. Other comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests for the years ended 30 June 2023 and 2024 amounted to GH¢8.05 million and GH¢9.6 million respectively.
  3. Non-current liabilities at 30 June 2023 and 30 June 2024 amounted to GH¢250,800 and GH¢308,510 respectively.
  4. The following metrics have been gleaned from NK’s published sustainability reports across the two years:
Metric 2024 2023
Scope 1 & 2 carbon emissions (tonnes of CO2) 650 780
Scope 3 carbon emissions (tonnes of CO2) 2,400 2,380
Women in senior management (%) 21 16
Total recordable injury frequency rate (TRIFR) per 100 full-time workers 3.3 4.1

The scope and definitions of the above sustainability measures have remained materially unchanged across the two years.

Required:

Compute the following ratios for the years ended 2024 & 2023:

  1. Operating profit margin
  2. Return on parent’s equity
  3. Earnings per share
  4. Current ratio
  5. Trade receivables days
  6. Total liabilities to total assets %

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – Consolidation and Financial Reporting

Discuss the appropriate reporting figures a parent company should include in its consolidated financial statements when its subsidiaries have different reporting dates.

A parent company has a year-end of 31 December 2023. One of its subsidiaries has a year-end of 30 June 2023, and another has a year-end of 30 September 2023.

Required:
What figures should the parent include in its consolidated financial statements in respect of these subsidiaries?

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Corporate Reconstruction

Prepare the capital reduction account and the statement of financial position for Mensimah Ltd after reconstruction.

Mensimah LTD (Mensimah) has been experiencing poor trading conditions over the last three years. As a result, it has been difficult to generate revenues and profits in the current year leading to very high inventory levels. Also, Mensimah has defaulted in paying interest due to the loan note holders for two years. Even though the debentures are secured against the land & buildings, the loan note holders have demanded either a scheme of reconstruction or the liquidation of Mensimah.

As the above trading difficulties have significantly threatened the going concern status of Mensimah, the directors as well as representatives of the shareholders and loan holders in a meeting decided to design the following scheme of reconstruction:

  1. The assets were independently valued and should now be recognised at the following amounts:

    Asset Category Amount (GH¢)
    Land 64,000
    Building 64,000
    Plant & Equipment 24,000
    Inventory 40,000

    The value of Mensimah’s investment in Adams LTD has increased to GH¢48,000 and was to be sold as part of the reconstruction scheme. As for the trade receivables, it was determined that 10% of the stated value is non-recoverable and therefore would be written off.

  2. Each GH¢1 equity share is to be redesignated as an equity share of GH¢0.25. After this, the equity shareholders would be persuaded to accept a reduction in the nominal value of their shares from GH¢1 to GH¢0.25 per share and subscribe for a new issue based on one-for-one at a price of GH¢0.30 per share.

  3. The existing 5% loan notes are to be exchanged for a new issue of GH¢28,000 9.5% loan notes, repayable in 2028, plus 112,000 equity shares of GH¢0.25 each. In addition, they will subscribe for GH¢7,200 loan notes, repayable in 2028, at par value at the rate of 9.5%.

    The 8% loan notes holders who have not received any interest for the past two years, are to receive 16,000 equity shares of GH¢0.25 each in lieu of the interest payable. It is agreed that the value of the interest liability is equivalent to the fair value of the shares to be issued. Moreover, the 8% loan notes holders have agreed to defer repayment of their loan until 2028, on condition that they are paid a higher interest rate of 9.5%.

  4. The deficit on retained earnings is to be written off and the bank overdraft is to be repaid immediately.

Mensimah’s statement of financial position as at 31 December 2023 is as follows:

Assets GH¢’000
Non-current assets
Land & buildings 154,597
Plant & equipment 48,603
Investment in Adams LTD 21,600
Total Non-Current Assets 224,800
Current assets
Inventory 96,198
Receivables 56,554
Total Current Assets 152,752
Total Assets 377,552
Equity & Liabilities GH¢’000
Equity
Equity shares (GH¢1) 160,000
Retained earnings (31,857)
Total Equity 128,143
Non-current liabilities
8% loan notes 64,000
5% loan notes 56,000
Total Non-Current Liabilities 120,000
Current liabilities
Trade payables 89,798
Interest payable 10,240
Overdraft 29,371
Total Current Liabilities 129,409
Total Equity & Liabilities 377,552

Required:

i) Prepare the capital reduction account for Mensimah LTD. 
ii) Prepare the statement of Financial Position of Mensimah LTD immediately after the reconstruction.
iii) Determine the position of each stakeholder group if the reconstruction scheme is not implemented.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3b – Digital Transformation & Cybersecurity Risks

Address concerns regarding digital transformation, cybersecurity risks, regulatory compliance, and ethical dilemmas in accounting.

b) In the contemporary business landscape, the integration of digital technologies presents multifaceted challenges for accounting professionals, particularly in the areas of digital transformation, cybersecurity, regulatory compliance, and ethical decision-making.

You are the newly appointed Chief Finance Officer (CFO) of Fanofom Ghana Ltd (FGL), a prominent Ghanaian company that produces and exports shea butter for the cosmetics industry to several companies globally. As FGL largely deals with international customers, it is undergoing a digital transformation to enable it to operate 24/7, and thus meet the needs of its clients given the time differences around the world.

As a result, the company has recently migrated its accounting systems to a cloud-based accounting platform and implemented automation tools to streamline financial processes. However, one of the old and senior directors who described himself as a BBC, a street jargon meaning “born before computer,” has expressed serious concerns about the digital transition and associated problems such as cybersecurity risks, regulatory compliance, and ethical issues that would arise due to the ongoing digital transformation.

Required:
i) Identify and explain the challenges associated with the integration of digital technologies in accounting systems with respect to:

  • Digital transition,
  • Cybersecurity risks,
  • Regulatory compliance,
  • Ethical dilemmas. (8 marks)

ii)Recommend two remedies to address the identified challenges.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Share-Based Payment and Contingent Liabilities

Accounting for share-based payments and contingent liabilities in financial statements.

(i) Share-Based Payment

Pee Manka PLC (PM), a hyper-growing firm in Ghana, prepares its financial statements on 31 December.

The following information is relevant:

  • The financial statements are authorised for issue on 31 March. On 31 December 2021, PM issued share options to seven (7) of its senior executives, giving each executive the option to purchase 2 million shares at GH¢6.50 per share. The fair value of each option at that date was GH¢4.00. The exercise of the share options was conditional on the completion of two-years’ service from 31 December 2021.

The company’s share price on subsequent dates was as follows:

Date Share Price (GH¢)
31 December 2022 13.50
31 December 2023 17.50
  • On 31 March 2023, after the 2022 financial statements were authorised for issue, PM’s Chief Finance Officer, one of the seven executives, unexpectedly resigned from her position in the company.
  • On 30 April 2023 another executive, Mrs. Torsah, was dismissed.
  • The five remaining executives exercised their options on 31 December 2023.

Required:

In line with IFRS 2: Share-Based Payment, recommend how the above scenario would have been dealt with in the financial statements of PM for the year ended 31 December 2023. (6 marks)


(ii) Contingent Liabilities and Share-Based Payment

  • Mrs. Torsah, who was dismissed, immediately instigated legal proceedings against PM, and it was probable, on the 28 February 2024, that she would be deemed to have completed the two-year qualifying period of her share option agreement.
  • Legal advice at that time was that she was also likely to be awarded GH¢3.5 million in compensation, and that it was possible that this could rise to GH¢5.8 million.

Required:

In line with IFRS 2: Share-Based Payment and IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, explain how the above scenario would impact your results in (i) above.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2c – Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension Plans

Compute the pension amounts for Oboisah PLC under IAS 19.

Oboisah PLC (Oboisah) operates a defined benefit pension plan for employees who commenced employment with the company prior to 1 April 2021. The pension scheme is non-contributory.

At 31 March 2023, the Group recorded a net defined liability of GH¢157 million. The following information relates to the year ended 31 March 2024:

Description Amount (GH¢ million)
Employer contributions paid on 31 March 2024 43
Benefits paid 16
Current service cost 42
Curtailment gain 3
Present value of defined benefit obligation at 31 March 2024 498
Value of plan assets at 31 March 2024 315

The average yield on relevant corporate bonds was 20% on 1 April 2023. Entries so far made in respect of the employer contributions have been incorrectly debited to accounts receivable and credited to cash. Benefits paid have been correctly recorded.

Required:

In line with IAS 19: Employee Benefits, determine how much pension amounts should be included in the financial statements of Oboisah PLC for the year ended 31 March 2024. Show the appropriate extracts for the above and any correction entries, if necessary.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Accounting for Legal Claims

Assess and account for a legal claim against Agropah PLC under IAS 37.

ropah PLC (Agropah) prepares its financial statements to 30 June and usually authorizes them for issue on 25 August.

On 15 July 2024, Agropah received notice of a legal claim made by Odametey, a customer, for loss of profits allegedly due to the supply of faulty goods by Agropah on 30 April 2024. The amount claimed was GH¢5 million.

The directors of Agropah have estimated the following possible outcomes in respect of this legal claim:

  • 28% chance that the claim will not succeed.
  • 45% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢3.2 million.
  • 27% chance that the claim will succeed, and Odametey will be awarded GH¢5 million.

Required:

In line with IAS 37: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities & Contingent Assets, explain how this legal claim should be accounted for and reported in the financial statements of Agropah for the year ended 30 June 2024.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Lease Accounting and Foreign Exchange

Discuss lease accounting treatment and foreign exchange effects on lease payments.

On 1 January 2023, Fabin Ghana Airlines PLC (FGA) leased a new fuel-efficient aircraft from German Jets Builders PLC (GJB) for ten (10) years, with an option to extend the lease period for five (5) additional years. However, at lease inception, FGA determined that the renewal option was not economically beneficial and would not be exercised.

The lease formed part of FGA’s sustainability strategy to green its air operations. Lease payments were structured as follows:

  • Fixed annual lease payments of €6 million, payable at each year-end starting 31 December 2023.
  • An additional 5% annual payment, conditional on FGA’s aircraft noise footprints and nitrogen oxide emissions declining by at least 15% and 10%, respectively.
  • At 31 December 2023, the Sustainability Committee determined that these environmental targets were met.

Additional lease details:

  • Estimated residual value of €15 million at 31 December 2032 and €10 million at 31 December 2037.
  • Residual Value Guarantee: FGA guaranteed that the relevant residual value will not drop below 30%.
  • Initial Direct Costs: GH¢500,000 was incurred in setting up the lease.
  • Discount Rate: 12%
  • Exchange Rates:
    • 1 January 2023: €1 = GH¢10
    • 31 December 2023: €1 = GH¢12
    • Average rate: €1 = GH¢11

Discount Factors at 12%:

Year Single-Period Factor Annuity Factor
10 0.32 5.65
14 0.20 6.63
15 0.18 6.81

Required:

In line with IFRS 16: Leases and IAS 21: Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates, discuss how this lease should be accounted for in the financial statements of FGA for the year ended 31 December 2023.

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CR – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Okaekwei PLC, considering acquisitions and fair value adjustments.

The following financial statements relate to Okaekwei PLC (Okaekwei), Ablekuma PLC (Ablekuma), and Katamanso PLC (Katamanso), three companies operating in the manufacturing industry.

Statement of Financial Position as at 31 October 2024

Description Okaekwei (GH¢’000) Ablekuma (GH¢’000) Katamanso (GH¢’000)
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment 88,307 53,657 82,875
Investments 102,500 78,095
Total Non-current Assets 190,807 131,752 82,875
Current assets:
Inventory 9,492 4,618 14,642
Trade receivables 4,573 8,101 18,085
Cash and Bank 11,625 4,599 30,056
Total Current Assets 25,690 17,318 62,783
Total Assets 216,497 149,070 145,658
Equity & Liabilities:
Share capital (GH¢1) 106,250 63,750 61,625
Retained earnings 38,607 42,361 27,025
Other component of equity 3,825 3,060 2,678
Total Equity 148,682 109,171 91,328
Liabilities:
Non-current liabilities 40,851 20,327 31,582
Current liabilities 26,964 19,572 22,748
Total Liabilities 67,815 39,899 54,330
Total Equity & Liabilities 216,497 149,070 145,658

Additional Information:

  1. Acquisition of Katamanso:

    • On 1 November 2023, Ablekuma acquired 60% of the ordinary shares of Katamanso at a cost of GH¢55 million.
    • Due diligence costing GH¢0.25 million was undertaken and included in the investment cost.
    • Retained earnings and other components of equity of Katamanso at acquisition were GH¢21.6 million and GH¢1.65 million, respectively.
  2. Fair Value Adjustments:

    • A fair value exercise was conducted, with a building’s fair value exceeding its carrying value by GH¢1.2 million (remaining useful life: 20 years).
    • The financial statements of Katamanso do not yet reflect this adjustment.
    • Non-controlling interest is measured using the proportionate share of identifiable net assets.
  3. Acquisition of Ablekuma by Okaekwei:

    • On 1 November 2022, Okaekwei purchased 80% of the ordinary shares of Ablekuma for GH¢92 million.
    • The investment value reflects the fair value of the subsidiary at 31 October 2024.
    • Retained earnings and other equity components at acquisition: GH¢29.6 million and GH¢2.32 million.
  4. Deferred Tax on Fair Value Adjustments:

    • Deferred tax is to be provided at 25% on temporary differences arising from fair value adjustments.
  5. Intragroup Transactions:

    • On 1 June 2024, Ablekuma sold inventory (cost: GH¢2 million) to Katamanso for GH¢1.8 million.
    • As of 31 October 2024, these goods were still in Katamanso’s inventory, valued at the purchase cost. The fair value of the inventory at year-end was GH¢1.78 million.
  6. Intragroup Transfer of PPE:

    • On 1 August 2024, Okaekwei transferred a production machine to Ablekuma at GH¢2 million (carrying value: GH¢2.4 million).
    • The remaining useful life was five years, but Ablekuma depreciates it over four years.
    • Okaekwei harmonizes accounting policies upon consolidation.

Required:

Prepare the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position of Okaekwei PLC as at 31 October 2024.

(All workings are to be rounded to the nearest thousand).

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q7b – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Identify SAS standards that are still applicable in Nigeria post-IFRS adoption.

Statements of Accounting Standards (SAS) in Nigeria have been replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS); however, some local standards relating to industry-specific rules not found in IFRS are still expected to be applied by companies in relevant industries, provided they do not conflict with IFRS.

You are required to examine the above statement and identify those Statements of Accounting Standards that are still applicable after the adoption of IFRS. (5 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q7a – Regulatory Environment for Corporate Reporting

Provide a report on the essence, merits, and challenges of IFRS adoption in Nigeria.

ABC Plc, in accordance with Nigerian Stock Exchange regulations on transitioning to IFRS, prepared its first IFRS Financial Statement in 2012. The document, spanning 155 pages, was complex for some stakeholders to understand.

You are required to prepare a brief report, highlighting the essence and merits of the adoption of IFRS by Nigerian Companies and state some of the challenges that could be encountered. (10 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q6 – Events After the Reporting Period (IAS 10)

Discuss IFRS 5 requirements for non-current assets held for sale and evaluate event impacts per IAS 10.

Maranathan Plc acquired a property for N4 million with annual depreciation on a straight-line basis at 7.5%. An impairment loss of N350,000 was recognized as of May 31, 2013, with accumulated depreciation at N1 million. The property was classified as held for sale on October 1, 2013, with fair value less costs to sell of N2.4 million. In December 2013, interim financials reported an improved fair value less costs to sell of N2.52 million. By May 31, 2014, fair value increased to N2.95 million, and the property was eventually sold on June 5, 2014, for N3 million.

Required:

a. Assess these transactions per IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations. (5 Marks)
b. Evaluate the impact of events on the property over time and on reported gain per IAS 10 Events After the Reporting Period. (10 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q5 – Ethical Issues in Corporate Reporting

Provide definitions, examples, reasons, and preventive measures for Creative Accounting and Window Dressing.

Manipulation of reporting entities’ books and records has been termed in many quarters as “Creative Accounting” and “Window Dressing.” The Management of Wastage Plc requires clarification of these two concepts.

You are required to write a report to the management of Wastage Plc. Your report should include:

a. Definitions of the TWO concepts. (2 Marks)
b. FIVE examples of each. (5 Marks)
c. THREE possible reasons for Creative Accounting and Window Dressing. (3 Marks)
d. Advise to management on FIVE possible preventive measures of Creative Accounting. (5 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q4c – Fair Value Measurement (IFRS 13)

Discuss IFRS 13’s principles in computing fair value for land with alternative uses in Abuja.

Megida Plc, a public limited liability company, has acquired hectares of land in Abuja designated for economic empowerment programs, intended for commercial use. The fair value of the land for commercial purposes is estimated at N100 million. Utilizing the land for commercial purposes would contribute to reducing unemployment and attract an annual tax credit, which is based on the lower of 15% of the fair market value or N10,000,000, at a 20% tax rate.

Megida Plc has also considered an alternative use of the land for residential purposes, a choice market participants may support. The fair value of the land for residential purposes is estimated to be N148 million, excluding certain associated costs such as:

  • Legal costs: N4,000,000
  • Project viability analysis: N6,000,000
  • Demolition of commercial structures: N2,000,000

Due to uncertainty in obtaining residential use permission from the Abuja Municipal Authority, market participants would discount the fair value by 20%.

Required: Discuss the way in which Megida Plc should compute the fair value of the Abuja land with reference to the principles of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement. (10 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q4b -Fair Value Measurement (IFRS 13)

Determine the principal market and fair value measurement for product sales in the Lagos and Accra markets.

One of the companies formally operating in Nigeria that had recently relocated its operations to Ghana, as a result of the challenging business environment in Nigeria, has access to both the Lagos and Accra markets for its product. The product sells at slightly different prices (in naira) in the two active markets. An entity enters into transactions in both markets and can access the price in those markets for the product at the measurement date as follows:

Lagos Market (N’000) Accra Market (N’000)
Sale Price 260 250
Transaction Cost (30) (10)
Transport Cost (20) (20)
Net Price Received 210 220

Required:

i. Briefly explain the principal market of an asset in accordance with IFRS 13 and determine what fair value would be used to measure the sale of the above product if the Lagos market were the principal market. (4 Marks)

ii. How is fair value determined in the absence of a principal market, and what fair value would be used to measure the sale of the above product if no principal market could be identified? (4 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q4a – Fair Value Measurement (IFRS 13)

Define fair value as per IFRS 13, addressing the standardized approach to valuation.

Prior to the advent of IFRS 13, many standards such as IAS 16, IAS 38, IAS 40, and IAS 39 required the use of fair value. These various requirements have been harmonized with the introduction of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement.

Required: Define fair value in accordance with IFRS 13. (2 Marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q3 – Segment Reporting (IFRS 8)

Appraisal of contributions from each geographical location of Nationwide Plc through a vertical analysis based on segment information.

Nationwide Plc is a conglomerate with subsidiaries in two geographical locations. Each subsidiary has established its presence in relevant subsectors and contributes to the group’s gross earnings. Segment information is prepared based on geographical areas as well as business lines.

Segment Information by Geographical Areas as at December 31, 2012

Required: You are required to appraise the contributions of each of the geographical locations to the group’s performance through a vertical analysis from the segment information.

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2b – Earnings Per Share (IAS 33)

Calculation of Soar Plc’s basic and fully diluted earnings per share considering new shares, convertible loans, and associated financing costs.

The directors of Soar Plc have decided to replace most of the existing plant and machinery, which are now obsolete, during the year ended September 30, 2015, to enhance earnings. The costs of removing existing plant and acquiring and installing new plant have been estimated at N750,000.

To improve liquidity, the directors issued 800,000 ordinary shares at N2 per share fully paid on January 1, 2015, and N600,000 4% convertible loan notes on June 1, 2015. The conversion terms are as follows:

Date Number of shares per N100 of loan stock
2015 120
2016 125
2017 118
2018 122

The new ordinary shares rank for dividends in the current year. Relevant data for the year ended September 30, 2015:

  • Profit before interest and tax: N850,000
  • Effective company tax rate: 30%
  • Basic EPS for 2014: 48 kobo
  • Issued shares as of September 30, 2014:
    • 2,000,000 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each
    • 400,000 12% irredeemable preference shares of N1 each
    • 300,000 10% redeemable preference shares of N1 each
    • N700,000 8% redeemable debenture (non-convertible)

Required: Calculate for Soar Plc for the year ended September 30, 2015: i. Basic earnings per share (5 marks)
ii. Fully diluted earnings per share (5 marks)

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CR – Nov 2016 – L3 – Q2a – Earnings Per Share (IAS 33)

Explanation of the significance and shortcomings of Earnings Per Share (EPS) for Soar Plc’s management.

The objective of IAS 33 – Earnings Per Share is to improve the comparability of the performance of different entities in the same period and of the same entity in different accounting periods. This is done by prescribing the methods for determining the numbers of shares to be included in the calculation of earnings per share. The management of Soar Plc has sought your professional advice on the application of IAS 33.

Required: Advise the management of Soar Plc on the following:

i. Significance of Earnings Per Share (EPS). (5 marks)
ii. Shortcomings of Earnings Per Share (EPS). (5 marks)

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