Subject: ADVANCED AUDIT AND ASSURANCE

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

Lamsey Jewelers is a family-owned business specializing in high-end jewellery, located in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The company sources gold from various suppliers in the small-scale mining sector. Recently, the Minerals Commission received anonymous tips suggesting that Lamsey Jewelers may be involved in laundering money through its operations. Authorities suspect that the business could be used to conceal the origins of illicit funds through gold purchases and sales.

To investigate these suspicions, regulatory authorities have appointed Baba Yara and Associates, an independent auditing firm, to conduct a thorough review of Lamsey Jewelers’ operations and financial transactions. During the audit, Baba Yara and Associates discovered that Lamsey Jewelers has been accepting large cash payments for custom jewellery orders without conducting proper due diligence on the customers. Several transactions involving cash payments exceed typical retail amounts, raising suspicions of potential money laundering.

Required:

i) Discuss the key legal and regulatory requirements in Ghana related to anti-money laundering relevant to Lamsey Jewelers.

ii) Discuss the obligations placed on professional firms such as Baba Yara and Associates in relation to money laundering.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – Compliance Audit in State Audits

Evaluate compliance audit engagements in state audits and discuss common areas covered in reports.

Compliance audit is crucial in state audits to ensure multiple objectives. It determines whether the subject matter being considered follows specific criteria. These criteria may include:

  1. Parliament decisions
  2. The Law
  3. Government Policy
  4. Established agreed terms, etc.

Compliance audit can be conducted as either an Attestation Engagement or a Direct Reporting Engagement.

Required:
i) Evaluate these TWO engagements. 
ii) Discuss common areas that will be covered by the reports of the two engagements.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Audit of Ghana’s Domestic Debt Exchange Programme

Describe how to plan and execute an audit of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program.

a) The Minister for Finance on December 5, 2022, invited holders of domestic bonds to voluntarily exchange GH¢137.3 (US$14.3) billion of the bonds and notes including E.S.L.A and Daakye Bonds for a package of 12 new eligible domestic bonds.

As Director of Audit at the Ghana Audit Service, describe how you would plan and execute an audit of the implementation of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program as a form of CPD for a section of staff of the Ghana Audit Service.

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3b – Implications of Inaccurate Other Information on the Audit

Describe the implications if the Chairman’s statement remains inaccurate and its impact on the audit report.

b) Assuming that no changes are made to the Chairman’s statement, describe the implications for the completion of the audit and the auditor’s report.

(Note: detailed knowledge in IFRS S1 is not a requirement to answer this question).

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  • 12 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Other Information

Explain the auditor’s responsibilities regarding other information in an entity’s annual report and identify issues in the Chairman’s statement.

a) In line with ISA 720: (Revised) The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Other Information, explain the auditor’s responsibilities in relation to the other information presented with the audited financial statements and comment on the matters arising from the extract from the Chairman’s statement.

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  • 5 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Procedures for Long-term Loan in Ecowud Co. LTD

Audit procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence for a long-term loan.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company operates across Ghana and West Africa and has secured a GH¢3.5 million long-term loan as part of its financial restructuring. The loan agreement has bank-imposed financial conditions, including maintaining a minimum total asset level. If these conditions are breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

As part of the audit procedures, you are required to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the GH¢3.5 million long-term loan.

Required:
Describe FIVE audit procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence in relation to the long-term loan of GH¢3.5 million.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Audit Risks and Responses for Ecowud Co. LTD

Identifying audit risks in Ecowud Co. LTD and how auditors should respond.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company has a wide customer base, including construction companies and furniture manufacturers across Ghana and West Africa.

You are the Audit Manager of Adomako & Associates and are planning the audit of Ecowud for the year ended 31 December 2023. You and the Audit Engagement Partner attended a planning meeting with Ecowud’s Finance Manager.

You are reviewing the initial meeting notes to develop the audit strategy and plan. The following key matters were captured:

  1. Development Expenditure: Revenue for the year was forecast at GH¢32 million. During the year, Ecowud spent GH¢3.5 million on developing new types of plywood. Some of these are in the early stages of development, while others are nearing completion. The Finance Manager intends to capitalize the entire GH¢3.5 million spent on development since all projects are likely to succeed.

  2. Inventory Valuation: Ecowud uses a standard costing method to value inventory. However, the company has never updated its standard costs since adopting this policy. The company operates multiple warehouses in Ghana and across West Africa, most of which are third-party rented premises.

  3. Accounting Software: A new accounting software was developed internally and implemented in August. The old and new software did not run parallel, as management deemed it burdensome. Two months after implementation, the IT Manager resigned, and a new IT Manager will take over in January 2024.

  4. Long-term Loan and Share Capital: Ecowud restructured its finances, raising GH¢2 million through share issuance and GH¢3.5 million through a long-term loan. The loan has bank-imposed financial conditions, including a minimum total asset level. If breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

  5. Revaluation of Land & Buildings: Ecowud follows a revaluation model for land and buildings. The Finance Manager has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year-end.

Required:
Identify FIVE audit risks in relation to Ecowud Co. LTD and for each risk, explain how the auditor should respond.

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1b – Group Audit Risks and Consolidation Issues

Audit risks and procedures for a multinational group audit engagement.

You are a Senior Auditor at Dromo Audit Firm, assigned to audit a new client, Afroherb Pharma LTD, a multinational pharmaceutical company. During the initial stages of engagement planning, you discovered that Afroherb Pharma LTD operates in multiple jurisdictions, including Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia. The parent company is in Ghana, and the companies in the other jurisdictions are all subsidiaries. All these jurisdictions have significant regulatory requirements and operational difficulties. The company has recently expanded its product line to include vaccine production following the introduction of The Vaccine Centre in Ghana. The production of vaccines is also subject to stringent regulatory reviews.

Required:
i) State FOUR audit procedures you could perform in relation to the consolidation of the financial statements of Afroherb Group. 
ii) Identify TWO specific risks associated with auditing Afroherb Pharma LTD, particularly in relation to its expansion into vaccine products. How should these risks be managed?
iii) State TWO problems associated with the planning of group audits

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  • 10 Marks

AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Audit Engagements

Ethical issues and professional conduct in an audit engagement involving conflict of interest.

You are the Audit Partner of a mid-sized audit firm, Amoah Sonko and Associates. One of your major clients, Kudi LTD (Kudi), has approached you for a significant audit engagement. Kudi has been experiencing rapid growth and plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market within the next year. During preliminary discussions, the Managing Director of Kudi, a friend, promised you a bonus if the audit report is completed quickly and is favourable, highlighting the company’s strengths.

In the course of the audit of Kudi, you came across a series of unusual financial transactions. These included large intercompany loans with its sister companies, other significant related-party transactions with the directors, and an unusually high volume of sales recorded a few days before the end of the financial year. Upon further investigation, your team found discrepancies in inventory records and evidence of potential non-compliance with revenue recognition standards. The Finance Manager insists these transactions are legitimate and necessary for the company’s rapid growth.

Additionally, you noticed that Kudi was involved in a high-profile legal battle with a major competitor, which was not fully disclosed in the financial statements. The lawyer for Kudi insists that you omit this information from the audit report, arguing it would damage the company’s reputation and its plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market.

Required:
i) Identify TWO potential ethical issues in the scenario and explain the potential impact on your professional conduct.                      ii) Identify the steps you should take to address the conflict of interest presented by the Managing Director’s offer. 
iii) Discuss the potential sanctions for accepting the Managing Director’s offer and providing a favourable audit report without proper verification. 
iv) Evaluate the impact of the undisclosed legal battle on Kudi LTD’s financial statements and the upcoming initial public offer.

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q7 – Audit of Corporate Governance

Draft a memo outlining suggestions, advantages, and disadvantages of audit firm rotation.

The need for auditor’s rotation has been a topic of discussion following various major corporate failures in recent years. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in 2006 introduced mandatory audit firm rotation as part of effective corporate governance of banks in Nigeria. The board of Aluwo Bank Plc has complied with this policy and are now reviewing its implementation. Some of the directors are not clear about the form that auditor’s rotation takes. While some have argued in favour of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) policy on audit firm rotation, others are against it, claiming it has not achieved the desired objective.

Required:

Draft a memo to the board of Aluwo Bank Plc. which sets out clearly:

a. Two different suggestions about how auditor rotation could be achieved. (5 Marks)
b. Arguments in favour of audit firm rotation. (4 Marks)
c. Arguments against audit firm rotation. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q6 – Group Audits

Draft a memorandum describing challenges, procedures, and instructions for a group audit engagement involving subsidiaries and associates in different countries.

You are an Audit Senior in ABC firm of Chartered Accountants, a Pan-African audit firm. You just resumed from your examination leave and received the following email from Mrs. Chidi, an Audit Manager in your firm.

Dear Audu,

Welcome back from leave and best of luck in your examination.
We have just been appointed as financial statements auditors to Gbogbonise Plc., a conglomerate having its head office in Lagos. Our preliminary discussion with the group Chief Financial Officer (CFO) indicates that the company has five subsidiaries and two associates. One of the subsidiaries is incorporated and operates in Ghana while one of the associates is incorporated and operates in The Gambia. The other members of the group are incorporated and operate in Nigeria. The group operations cover automobiles, agriculture, and manufacturing.
We will be meeting with the audit committee in three weeks to present our audit plan and strategy for the assignment.

Required:

a. Challenges that may be encountered in this engagement. (5 Marks)

b. General procedures that may be performed on significant and non-significant components. (3 Marks)

c. Salient items to be included in the group audit instructions. (3 Marks)

d. Procedures to be performed relating to the consolidation of the group. (4 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q5 – Audit Reporting

Explain the IAASB Clarity Project's objective and describe new requirements in various revised ISAs.

You are an Audit Manager of Lobito James & Co., a firm of Chartered Accountants. You are aware of some significant changes and new requirements in the Revised ISAs as a result of the IAASB Clarity Project issued in October 2008 that are expected to impact the following audit procedures:

(a) Communicating with those charged with governance (ISA 260).
(b) Materiality in planning and performing an audit (ISA 320).
(c) Audit considerations relating to an entity using a service organisation (ISA 402).
(d) Evaluation of misstatements identified during an audit (ISA 450).
(e) External confirmation (ISA 505).
(f) Auditing accounting estimates, including fair value, accounting estimates and related disclosures (ISA 540).
(g) Related parties (ISA 550).

You are required to:

i. Explain the objective of the IAASB Clarity Project. (1 Mark)

ii. Explain TWO new requirements in each of the revised ISAs listed above. (14 Marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q4c – Assurance Engagements

Explain Prospective Financial Information (PFI) and procedures for assurance engagements on profit forecasts.

Traditionally, the role of the auditor has focused on providing assurance on “historical” events, for example, on financial statements relating to a period of time in the past. As business and economic environments have changed, demand has grown for practising accountants to provide assurance on prospective financial information (PFI).

Required:

i. Explain “Prospective Financial Information” (2 Marks)

ii. State and explain SIX procedures you will perform in a PFI assurance engagement on Profit Forecast of a company. (6 Marks)

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  • 8 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q4b – Assurance Engagements

Explain "value for money" and the 3Es of achieving it in assurance engagements.

Alhaji Chukwudi is the Chairman and majority shareholder of Talking Drums Limited, a telecommunications company operating in Nigeria. The company had experienced considerable growth in the past. However, over the last three years, there has been noticeable increase in cost of operations which is slowing down the growth of the company. Management had explained that the increasing cost is a result of expansion of coverage area which management believes will lead to further expansion and growth of the company in the nearest future. Alhaji Chukwudi wants to get a certain level of assurance that there is value for the increased expansion costs the company was incurring. As a result, the Board of Directors resolved to engage a practitioner for a „value for money‟ evaluation of the coverage expansion costs.

Required:

i. Explain „value for money‟. (2 Marks)

ii. Explain the 3Es of achieving value for money. (6 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q4a – Assurance Engagements

Explain the concept of an assurance engagement.

Explain “assurance engagement.” (4 Marks)

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  • 6 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q3c – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Provide examples of internal audit reports used by external auditors.

Give THREE examples of internal audit activity reports that might be used by the external auditor. (6 Marks)

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  • 4 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q3b – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Explain the evidence needed to determine reliance on internal auditors' work.

Explain what evidence you would seek as an external auditor to satisfy yourself that you can rely on the work of internal auditors. (4 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q3a – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Develop a presentation comparing the roles, independence, and responsibilities of external and internal auditors.

Your firm has been external auditors of Specific Processors Plc for some years. Specific Processors Plc. has an Internal Audit Department engaged in both compliance and operational auditing within the company.

The head of the Internal Audit Department, Mr. Lucky Suleiman, FCA, has invited you to give a talk during their annual training week on the roles of external and internal auditors, the type of work they carry out, and their specific responsibilities.

Required:

Develop a suitable presentation focusing on the differences and similarities between external and internal auditors in terms of:

i. General Role
ii. Independence
iii. The work carried out in the following areas:

  • Systems of Internal Control
  • Operational Auditing
    iv. Reporting Responsibilities

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – May 2017 – L3 – Q2 – Risk Management in Audits

Describe audit risk and its components, and identify inherent risks in auditing a charity.

Home Care is a charity that provides accommodation for unemployed young people.
The constitution of the charity explains how the charity’s income could be spent and also contains a requirement that administrative expenditure cannot exceed 10% of income in any year.

The charity’s income is mainly derived from voluntary cash donations collected by volunteers from members of the public. Recently, the charity’s income has been impacted by the current global economic and financial meltdown.

Required:

a. Describe the term ‘audit risk’ and explain the THREE elements of risk that contribute to total audit risk. (8 Marks)

b. Using the information provided in the question, identify FOUR areas of inherent risk to be taken into account in planning the audit of Home Care and explain the effect of each of these risks on the audit approach. (12 Marks)

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