Subject: ADVANCED AUDIT AND ASSURANCE

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Anti-Money Laundering Regulations and Auditor Responsibilities

Discuss anti-money laundering regulations in Ghana and auditors' responsibilities in compliance.

Lamsey Jewelers is a family-owned business specializing in high-end jewellery, located in Dunkwa-On-Offin in the Central Region of Ghana. The company sources gold from various suppliers in the small-scale mining sector. Recently, the Minerals Commission received anonymous tips suggesting that Lamsey Jewelers may be involved in laundering money through its operations. Authorities suspect that the business could be used to conceal the origins of illicit funds through gold purchases and sales.

To investigate these suspicions, regulatory authorities have appointed Baba Yara and Associates, an independent auditing firm, to conduct a thorough review of Lamsey Jewelers’ operations and financial transactions. During the audit, Baba Yara and Associates discovered that Lamsey Jewelers has been accepting large cash payments for custom jewellery orders without conducting proper due diligence on the customers. Several transactions involving cash payments exceed typical retail amounts, raising suspicions of potential money laundering.

Required:

i) Discuss the key legal and regulatory requirements in Ghana related to anti-money laundering relevant to Lamsey Jewelers.

ii) Discuss the obligations placed on professional firms such as Baba Yara and Associates in relation to money laundering.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5a – Roles of an Audit Committee in Corporate Governance

Explain four roles of an audit committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

An Audit Committee is a sub-group of a company’s Board of Directors responsible for the oversight of the financial reporting and disclosure process. The duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee greatly contribute to good corporate governance practices of a company.

Required:
Explain FOUR roles of an Audit Committee in compliance with good corporate governance practices.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – Compliance Audit in State Audits

Evaluate compliance audit engagements in state audits and discuss common areas covered in reports.

Compliance audit is crucial in state audits to ensure multiple objectives. It determines whether the subject matter being considered follows specific criteria. These criteria may include:

  1. Parliament decisions
  2. The Law
  3. Government Policy
  4. Established agreed terms, etc.

Compliance audit can be conducted as either an Attestation Engagement or a Direct Reporting Engagement.

Required:
i) Evaluate these TWO engagements. 
ii) Discuss common areas that will be covered by the reports of the two engagements.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Audit of Ghana’s Domestic Debt Exchange Programme

Describe how to plan and execute an audit of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program.

a) The Minister for Finance on December 5, 2022, invited holders of domestic bonds to voluntarily exchange GH¢137.3 (US$14.3) billion of the bonds and notes including E.S.L.A and Daakye Bonds for a package of 12 new eligible domestic bonds.

As Director of Audit at the Ghana Audit Service, describe how you would plan and execute an audit of the implementation of Ghana’s domestic debt exchange program as a form of CPD for a section of staff of the Ghana Audit Service.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3b – Implications of Inaccurate Other Information on the Audit

Describe the implications if the Chairman’s statement remains inaccurate and its impact on the audit report.

b) Assuming that no changes are made to the Chairman’s statement, describe the implications for the completion of the audit and the auditor’s report.

(Note: detailed knowledge in IFRS S1 is not a requirement to answer this question).

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a – Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Other Information

Explain the auditor’s responsibilities regarding other information in an entity’s annual report and identify issues in the Chairman’s statement.

a) In line with ISA 720: (Revised) The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Other Information, explain the auditor’s responsibilities in relation to the other information presented with the audited financial statements and comment on the matters arising from the extract from the Chairman’s statement.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Audit Procedures for Long-term Loan in Ecowud Co. LTD

Audit procedures to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence for a long-term loan.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company operates across Ghana and West Africa and has secured a GH¢3.5 million long-term loan as part of its financial restructuring. The loan agreement has bank-imposed financial conditions, including maintaining a minimum total asset level. If these conditions are breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

As part of the audit procedures, you are required to obtain sufficient and appropriate audit evidence regarding the GH¢3.5 million long-term loan.

Required:
Describe FIVE audit procedures you would perform to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence in relation to the long-term loan of GH¢3.5 million.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Audit Risks and Responses for Ecowud Co. LTD

Identifying audit risks in Ecowud Co. LTD and how auditors should respond.

Ecowud Co. LTD (Ecowud) is a sustainable goal-oriented company that develops, manufactures, and sells plywood made from rice husk and plastic waste. The company has a wide customer base, including construction companies and furniture manufacturers across Ghana and West Africa.

You are the Audit Manager of Adomako & Associates and are planning the audit of Ecowud for the year ended 31 December 2023. You and the Audit Engagement Partner attended a planning meeting with Ecowud’s Finance Manager.

You are reviewing the initial meeting notes to develop the audit strategy and plan. The following key matters were captured:

  1. Development Expenditure: Revenue for the year was forecast at GH¢32 million. During the year, Ecowud spent GH¢3.5 million on developing new types of plywood. Some of these are in the early stages of development, while others are nearing completion. The Finance Manager intends to capitalize the entire GH¢3.5 million spent on development since all projects are likely to succeed.

  2. Inventory Valuation: Ecowud uses a standard costing method to value inventory. However, the company has never updated its standard costs since adopting this policy. The company operates multiple warehouses in Ghana and across West Africa, most of which are third-party rented premises.

  3. Accounting Software: A new accounting software was developed internally and implemented in August. The old and new software did not run parallel, as management deemed it burdensome. Two months after implementation, the IT Manager resigned, and a new IT Manager will take over in January 2024.

  4. Long-term Loan and Share Capital: Ecowud restructured its finances, raising GH¢2 million through share issuance and GH¢3.5 million through a long-term loan. The loan has bank-imposed financial conditions, including a minimum total asset level. If breached, the loan becomes immediately repayable.

  5. Revaluation of Land & Buildings: Ecowud follows a revaluation model for land and buildings. The Finance Manager has announced that all land and buildings will be revalued at the year-end.

Required:
Identify FIVE audit risks in relation to Ecowud Co. LTD and for each risk, explain how the auditor should respond.

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1b – Group Audit Risks and Consolidation Issues

Audit risks and procedures for a multinational group audit engagement.

You are a Senior Auditor at Dromo Audit Firm, assigned to audit a new client, Afroherb Pharma LTD, a multinational pharmaceutical company. During the initial stages of engagement planning, you discovered that Afroherb Pharma LTD operates in multiple jurisdictions, including Ghana, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and The Gambia. The parent company is in Ghana, and the companies in the other jurisdictions are all subsidiaries. All these jurisdictions have significant regulatory requirements and operational difficulties. The company has recently expanded its product line to include vaccine production following the introduction of The Vaccine Centre in Ghana. The production of vaccines is also subject to stringent regulatory reviews.

Required:
i) State FOUR audit procedures you could perform in relation to the consolidation of the financial statements of Afroherb Group. 
ii) Identify TWO specific risks associated with auditing Afroherb Pharma LTD, particularly in relation to its expansion into vaccine products. How should these risks be managed?
iii) State TWO problems associated with the planning of group audits

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AAA – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Ethical Issues in Audit Engagements

Ethical issues and professional conduct in an audit engagement involving conflict of interest.

You are the Audit Partner of a mid-sized audit firm, Amoah Sonko and Associates. One of your major clients, Kudi LTD (Kudi), has approached you for a significant audit engagement. Kudi has been experiencing rapid growth and plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market within the next year. During preliminary discussions, the Managing Director of Kudi, a friend, promised you a bonus if the audit report is completed quickly and is favourable, highlighting the company’s strengths.

In the course of the audit of Kudi, you came across a series of unusual financial transactions. These included large intercompany loans with its sister companies, other significant related-party transactions with the directors, and an unusually high volume of sales recorded a few days before the end of the financial year. Upon further investigation, your team found discrepancies in inventory records and evidence of potential non-compliance with revenue recognition standards. The Finance Manager insists these transactions are legitimate and necessary for the company’s rapid growth.

Additionally, you noticed that Kudi was involved in a high-profile legal battle with a major competitor, which was not fully disclosed in the financial statements. The lawyer for Kudi insists that you omit this information from the audit report, arguing it would damage the company’s reputation and its plans to get listed on the Ghana Alternative Market.

Required:
i) Identify TWO potential ethical issues in the scenario and explain the potential impact on your professional conduct.                      ii) Identify the steps you should take to address the conflict of interest presented by the Managing Director’s offer. 
iii) Discuss the potential sanctions for accepting the Managing Director’s offer and providing a favourable audit report without proper verification. 
iv) Evaluate the impact of the undisclosed legal battle on Kudi LTD’s financial statements and the upcoming initial public offer.

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q20 – Audit of Specialized Industries

This question tests knowledge of reserves that may or may not be reviewed during the audit of a non-life insurance company.

Regarding the audit of a non-life insurance company, which of the following reserves may NOT be reviewed?
A. Reserve for unexpired risks
B. Reserve for outstanding claims
C. Contingent reserve
D. External reserve
E. Statutory reserve

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q19 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

This question identifies assignments that qualify as continuous audit functions.

Which of the following assignments can be regarded as a continuous audit function?
A. Examining the effectiveness, efficiency, and economy of a cement project
B. Evaluating the adequacy of the security and control measures of the information technology
C. Ascertaining the fairness of the annual financial statements and notes to the accounts
D. Reviewing the internal control procedures before commencing the audit
E. Reviewing the company’s compliance with relevant guidance and release of financial information periodically

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q18 – Audit Reporting

This question assesses knowledge of the main users of financial reports that auditors focus on.

The main users of financial reports that auditors need to be primarily concerned about are:
A. Management and directors of the company
B. The general public
C. Banks and other financial institutions that provide working capital
D. Suppliers
E. Shareholders of the company

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q17 – Auditor’s Legal Liability

This question examines the best defence an audit firm can present when accused of failing to identify substandard and obsolete inventory.

Yakubu Chukwu & Co was sued by one of its clients who alleged that the firm failed to satisfy the auditing standards in identifying substandard and obsolete inventory while attending end-of-year stock take. Which of the following is the firm’s best defence?
A. It is quite impossible to expect the firm to identify substandard and obsolete inventory due to the special nature of the inventory
B. Yakubu Chukwu & Co has to prove that its audit has been carried out with reasonable skill, care, and diligence
C. Auditing standards are not legislated, therefore, the client has no right to sue the firm
D. The contributory negligence of the client
E. Identification of substandard and obsolete stock requires an expert opinion

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q16 – Group Audits

This question assesses the appropriate audit procedure for verifying a subsidiary’s accounts before consolidation.

When a client has control over a subsidiary, what is the most appropriate audit procedure to obtain evidence to verify subsidiary accounts before consolidation?
A. Arrange for independent valuation of the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary
B. Be involved in the appointment of the subsidiary auditors
C. Rely on additional work carried out by the internal auditors
D. Send a template of your expectation to subsidiary auditors
E. Provide audit program for the subsidiary auditors

 

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q15 – Audit Reporting

This question assesses the primary purpose of sending a letter of enquiry to a legal firm regarding client litigation.

The main reasons why auditors send a letter of enquiry to the legal firm handling litigation or claims on behalf of their client is to provide:
A. Auditors with weak position in client litigation and claims
B. Auditors with written submission and statement of claims to the court
C. Information concerning the progress of outstanding cases to date
D. Auditors with corroborative audit evidence
E. Auditors with impact of legal opinion on financial statements

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q14 – Regulatory Framework and Professional Standards

This question assesses knowledge of factors that weaken local auditing standards and identifies an unrelated factor.

Factors that contribute to the weaknesses of local auditing standards include the following EXCEPT:
A. Standard setters being subject to political pressures
B. Having inadequate resources
C. Being insufficiently timed in response to market needs
D. Loss of investment by stakeholders
E. Having sources of fund which raise questions about their independence

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q13 – Environmental and Sustainability Audits

This question assesses the scope of social audit and identifies an area it does not cover.

Social audit has to do with the extent to which a company gets involved and interacts with the society in which it operates. This means that social audit does not extend to ONE of the following:
A. Corporate code of conduct and business ethics
B. Pricing policy, product safety, and quality control
C. Transaction audit
D. Employee health and safety
E. Environmental pollution

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q12 – Advanced Audit Planning and Strategy

This question assesses the primary purpose of understanding a client’s internal control system.

Which of the following is the primary purpose for obtaining an understanding of client’s internal control?
A. Provide a basis for making constructive suggestions in a management letter
B. Determine the nature, timing and extent of tests to be performed in the audit
C. Obtain sufficient and competent evidential matter to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion on the financial statements under examination
D. Provide information for communication of internal control related matters to management
E. Obtain sufficient evidence to afford a basis for an opinion on the financial statements

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AAA – Nov 2013 – L3 – A – Q11 – Advanced Audit Planning and Strategy

This question tests knowledge of analytical procedures used to produce audit evidence.

Which of the following is an analytical procedure generally used to produce audit evidence?
A. Confirmations mailed directly to the auditor by the client’s customers
B. Physical observation of inventories
C. Relationship among current financial balances and prior balances, forecasts, and non-financial data
D. Detailed examination of external and internal documents
E. Circularisation letters to debtors and creditors of the company

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