C

Explanation:
Maslow’s theory of motivation, based on his hierarchy of needs, posits that individuals are motivated by the lowest level of need that remains unsatisfied. The hierarchy progresses from physiological to safety, social, ego, and self-actualization needs, with motivation driven by unfulfilled needs at the current level. Option A, McGregor, is known for Theory X and Theory Y, focusing on management assumptions about workers, not a needs hierarchy. Option B, Argyris, focused on organizational behavior and maturity, not a needs-based motivation model. Option D, Herzberg, developed the Two-Factor Theory, distinguishing motivators and hygiene factors, not a hierarchical needs model. Maslow’s theory directly matches the description.