Series: Nov 2024

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5c – Board Independence and Accountability in Corporate Governance

Evaluation of how the governance structure at BOGML affects board independence and accountability.

There are a number of concepts of good corporate governance that every entity, including BOGML, must strive to adhere to.

Required:
Provide an evaluation of how the existing corporate governance structure at BOGML may undermine or compromise the following key concepts of good corporate governance, with particular reference to the current composition and organisation of the board.

i) Independence
ii) Responsibility and accountability

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Evaluate the role of the board in corporate governance, focusing on responsibilities for strategy, oversight, and ethical leadership.

The role of the board of directors is critical in corporate governance. The National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana (the National Code) issued in November 2022 outlines the board’s core responsibilities.

Required:

Advise the board of BOGML on the FIVE key responsibilities of the board of directors as outlined in the National Code.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Identify and explain the five governance pillars in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022.

It is evident that all is not well with the current corporate governance at BOGML. However, for the company to achieve sustainable growth and remain competitive, it must adhere to sound corporate governance principles.

Required:

Using the FIVE governance pillars identified in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022 (the National Code), issued in November 2022 by the Institute of Directors-Ghana, advise the company on how to improve upon its current governance structure.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4c – Forward Rate Agreement for Interest Rate Risk Management

Calculation of settlement amount for FRA under different Ghana Reference Rate (GRR) scenarios.

The company has decided to use a Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) to manage its interest rate risk likely to arise from the short-term loan of GH¢15 million it intends to borrow in three months for a period of six months.

Required:

i) What is the purpose for a company to enter into an FRA arrangement? (2 marks)

ii) Calculate the amount of money that will be paid to settle the FRA at the beginning of the FRA period if, at the end of month 3, when the FRA becomes effective, the six-month Ghana Reference Rate (GRR) is as follows:

a) 37.50%
b) 28.50%

In each case, clearly state the party (i.e. FRA buyer or FRA seller) responsible for making the payment.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – International Tax Considerations

Key tax issues for BOGML’s planned international expansion to minimize total group tax payable.

The company is planning to expand its operations to Tanzania and South Africa in 2026. As a result, transactions between the head office in Ghana and the prospective foreign subsidiaries will likely take place, leading to potential international tax implications.

Required:

Briefly identify and explain TWO key issues to consider for the company to minimise total tax payable on the group profits.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Capital Budgeting Framework

Explanation of the five key elements in the capital budgeting framework for investment appraisal.

One of the Board members, Dr. Halimatu Sadia, has expressed concerns regarding Dr. Ayimadu Baffour’s consistent failure to conduct investment appraisals and capital budgeting when making long-term investment decisions.

Required:

Advise Dr. Ayimadu Baffour on the capital budgeting and strategic planning framework used for conducting investment appraisals by briefly outlining the FIVE key elements of the framework.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a-b – SBUs and Growth Phases

Evaluate BOGML’s SBUs using Ashridge Matrix and analyse growth phases with Greiner’s Model.

a) The company has presented information on the various products and services (i.e. the strategic business units (SBUs)) within the company’s portfolio.

Required:
Using Ashridge Portfolio Display Matrix and based on the performance of each SBU, clearly classify and explain the products and services under appropriate categories identified by the matrix. Support your answer with Ashridge Portfolio Display Matrix.

b) Since its inception, BOGML has grown organically and has gone through different stages of development in response to the challenges of growth and changes in both its internal and external environments. The company is currently under pressure to continue evolving.

Required:

i) Identify and describe the first two phases of growth applicable to BOGML based on Greiner’s Growth Model. In your explanation, include the type of crisis the company faced at each phase.

ii) The board has proposed appointing Regional Managers who will be responsible for the sales performance of the company’s filling and gas stations in their regions. If this proposal is implemented, it will move the company to the next phase in Greiner’s Growth Model. Identify and explain what this next phase is, and describe the potential crisis that may arise at this stage.

C 

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Integration/Responsiveness Matrix and Cost Reduction

Advising BOGML’s MD on the best international strategies under the IR Matrix to achieve cost reduction in expansion.

The Board of BOGML has approved the Managing Director’s proposal to expand operations into Tanzania and South Africa by 2026. A key strategic focus of the company has been cost reduction, due to the narrow profit margins prevalent in the industry.

Required:
Using the Integration/Responsiveness (IR) Matrix, advise Dr. Ayimadu Baffour on the two most suitable international strategies/choices that have a low requirement for local responsiveness but can effectively support his cost reduction objectives. Clearly identify and explain the two strategies within the IR Matrix that prioritize cost reduction.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Approaches to Risk Management

Discusses risk management approaches to address identified risks in BOGML.

Approaches to risk management in BOGML – Advice to the board of directors

The following are the risk management approaches that the board of BOGML can adopt to manage the following risks identified in the company:

Risk A

  • Description: Low probability but high impact, e.g., pandemics, natural disasters.
  • Approach: Risk Transfer or Risk Sharing
  • Since this risk has a low likelihood of occurring but can result in severe financial losses, the company should consider transferring this risk or sharing risk. This can be done through the company taking full or partial (i.e. sharing of risk) insurance policies specifically designed for catastrophic events, such as business interruption insurance, pandemic insurance, or property insurance that covers natural disasters. Since the impact will be high when the risk occurs, the company can take insurance to pass on the high impact on the company to the insurance company which has to compensate BOGML in the event that the risk does occur.
  • The risk could also be shared through BOGML forming partnerships and collaborating with other OMCs to undertake investment in their oil stations.
  • The company should also develop a disaster recovery and business continuity plan to manage potential impacts effectively.

Risk B

  • Description: High likelihood but low financial impact, e.g., labor turnover and software downtime due to internet instability.

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SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Charles Handy’s Cultural Types

Discuss the application of Charles Handy's cultural types to BOGML's growth phases and analyze their impact.

Charles Handy identified four distinct categories of corporate culture (cultural stereotypes) that can exist within an organization. Since its formation, BOGML has exhibited all four categories of corporate culture during different phases of its growth.

Required:
Identify and explain the specific and appropriate category of corporate culture applicable, and discuss its impact on the company for each of the following phases of growth when Dr. Ayimadu Baffour:

i) Created the functional departments.
ii) Stated that BOGML is built around him and without him the company will not exist.
iii) Insisted on retaining all authority for decision-making.
iv) Emphasized getting work done through teamwork.

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BCL-Nov-2024-L1-Q2b- Pre-incorporation Contracts & Fiduciary Duty

Legal advice on pre-incorporation contract expenses and secret profits between business associates.

Darkoa lives in the United States of America (USA) and asked his long-time friend, Gyankoroma, to register a company for her in Ghana. Gyankoroma spent GH¢20,000 on documentation, filing, and processing (with the issuance of receipts being in Gyankoroma’s name). Upon the request of Darkoa, Gyankoroma rented an office premises for one year at GH¢40,000 with the receipt in the name of the newly formed company.

Darkoa just returned from the USA to start operations. Darkoa discovered that the rental agent gave GH¢4,000 to Gyankoroma as inducement for the office deal. Darkoa appointed Gyankoroma as head of operations and refused to pay the registration expenses on the basis that Gyankoroma’s monthly salary as head of operations is more than GH¢20,000 and those expenses should be borne from the secret profits Gyankoroma had earlier enjoyed.

Required:
Based on your knowledge in pre-incorporation contracts, advise the parties.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q5c-Benefits of Internet and E-commerce for Suppliers and Customers

Explains the benefits of internet and e-commerce for suppliers and customers.

The internet and e-commerce have become important channels for marketing and selling products, and the internet can also be a distribution channel for products.
Required:
State FOUR potential benefits of the internet and e-commerce for each of the following:
i) Suppliers
ii) Customers

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q5b- Example of a Non-Traditional Product Life Cycle

Identifies and explains a product or service whose life cycle doesn't follow the traditional stages.

Identify and explain an example of a product or service whose life cycle has not conformed to the traditional pattern of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q5a- Product Life Cycle Stages

Match products to their corresponding stages in the product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.

A typical product life cycle has four main phases: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline.
Required:
Twelve products are listed below. Match these products to the stage they have probably reached in their life cycle, by filling in the following table.

  • Online music downloads
  • SMS messaging
  • (Hand-written) postcards
  • Personal identity cards using ‘iris-based’ technology
  • Folding screen mobile phones
  • Credit cards
  • Personal computers
  • Fifth generation (5G) mobile telephones
  • Cheque books
  • Typewriters
  • Smart cards (in banking)
  • E-conferencing                                                                                                                                                                                                     

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q4b-Performance Appraisal and Employee Competence

Describes the components of performance appraisal and suggests ways to assess employee competence.

A performance appraisal is a periodic and systematic process whereby the job performance of an employee is documented and evaluated. The performance appraisal process allows employees to understand specific competencies they excel at and where they might need improvement.
Required:
i) Describe THREE components of performance appraisal.
ii) Suggest how the competence of an employee might be assessed

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q4a-Advantages of Appointing a Single Distributor in Ghana

Discusses the advantages of appointing a single distributor for business operations in Ghana.

Beta Equipment is a Taiwanese manufacturer of various types of printers and has recently decided to export its products to Ghana. Beta Equipment is considering appointing a single distributor in Ghana who would represent the exporter and would be responsible for the entire marketing operations in this country.
Required:
Explain FIVE advantages that Beta Equipment would achieve through the appointment of a single distributor for import and distribution of its products in Ghana.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q3c-Explanation of a “51% Attack” in Blockchain

Defines a "51% attack" in blockchain and explains its implications.

Blockchain consists of multiple ‘blocks’ of digital information which are held in a public database known as a ‘chain’. Blockchain technology offers a number of advantages. However, it is susceptible to a form of cyber-attack known as 51% attack.
Required:
Explain what is meant by “51% attack”.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q3b-Hofstede’s Dimensions of Organisational Culture

Explains Hofstede's cultural dimensions and what a 51% blockchain attack entails.


Culture is a set of dominant beliefs, attitudes, values, and norms that is shared by a number of people. It is the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group from members of another group. Likewise, the culture of a business organisation in one country will differ from the culture of organisations in a different country. Multinational companies face the challenge of trying to create a common original culture for an organisation that operates across national boundaries.
Hofstede developed a cultural dimension theory used to understand differences in culture across countries and the ways that business is done across different cultures.
Required:
According to Hofstede, explain FOUR dimensions to differences in organisational culture arising from differences in national culture.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q3a- Arguments Against Maximizing Shareholder Wealth Through Rational Strategic Planning

This question discusses arguments against the notion that a company should focus solely on maximizing shareholder wealth through rational strategic planning.

A company should make rational strategic plans with the aim of maximising the wealth of its equity shareholders.”

Explain the arguments against the above statement.

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BMIS-Nov-2024-L1-Q2b- Economic Factors Influencing Business Opportunities and Threats

Economic factors that shape business opportunities or threats based on the PEST model.

Explain THREE economic factors which determine the nature of opportunities or threats that organisations may face.

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