Series: Nov 2024

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5c – Board Independence and Accountability in Corporate Governance

Evaluation of how the governance structure at BOGML affects board independence and accountability.

There are a number of concepts of good corporate governance that every entity, including BOGML, must strive to adhere to.

Required:
Provide an evaluation of how the existing corporate governance structure at BOGML may undermine or compromise the following key concepts of good corporate governance, with particular reference to the current composition and organisation of the board.

i) Independence
ii) Responsibility and accountability

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Evaluate the role of the board in corporate governance, focusing on responsibilities for strategy, oversight, and ethical leadership.

The role of the board of directors is critical in corporate governance. The National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana (the National Code) issued in November 2022 outlines the board’s core responsibilities.

Required:

Advise the board of BOGML on the FIVE key responsibilities of the board of directors as outlined in the National Code.

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q5b – Board Responsibilities in Corporate Governance

Identify and explain the five governance pillars in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022.

It is evident that all is not well with the current corporate governance at BOGML. However, for the company to achieve sustainable growth and remain competitive, it must adhere to sound corporate governance principles.

Required:

Using the FIVE governance pillars identified in the National Corporate Governance Code for Ghana 2022 (the National Code), issued in November 2022 by the Institute of Directors-Ghana, advise the company on how to improve upon its current governance structure.

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  • 10 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4c – Forward Rate Agreement for Interest Rate Risk Management

Calculation of settlement amount for FRA under different Ghana Reference Rate (GRR) scenarios.

The company has decided to use a Forward Rate Agreement (FRA) to manage its interest rate risk likely to arise from the short-term loan of GH¢15 million it intends to borrow in three months for a period of six months.

Required:

i) What is the purpose for a company to enter into an FRA arrangement? (2 marks)

ii) Calculate the amount of money that will be paid to settle the FRA at the beginning of the FRA period if, at the end of month 3, when the FRA becomes effective, the six-month Ghana Reference Rate (GRR) is as follows:

a) 37.50%
b) 28.50%

In each case, clearly state the party (i.e. FRA buyer or FRA seller) responsible for making the payment.

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4b – International Tax Considerations

Key tax issues for BOGML’s planned international expansion to minimize total group tax payable.

The company is planning to expand its operations to Tanzania and South Africa in 2026. As a result, transactions between the head office in Ghana and the prospective foreign subsidiaries will likely take place, leading to potential international tax implications.

Required:

Briefly identify and explain TWO key issues to consider for the company to minimise total tax payable on the group profits.

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q4a – Capital Budgeting Framework

Explanation of the five key elements in the capital budgeting framework for investment appraisal.

One of the Board members, Dr. Halimatu Sadia, has expressed concerns regarding Dr. Ayimadu Baffour’s consistent failure to conduct investment appraisals and capital budgeting when making long-term investment decisions.

Required:

Advise Dr. Ayimadu Baffour on the capital budgeting and strategic planning framework used for conducting investment appraisals by briefly outlining the FIVE key elements of the framework.

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  • 20 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q3a-b – SBUs and Growth Phases

Evaluate BOGML’s SBUs using Ashridge Matrix and analyse growth phases with Greiner’s Model.

a) The company has presented information on the various products and services (i.e. the strategic business units (SBUs)) within the company’s portfolio.

Required:
Using Ashridge Portfolio Display Matrix and based on the performance of each SBU, clearly classify and explain the products and services under appropriate categories identified by the matrix. Support your answer with Ashridge Portfolio Display Matrix.

b) Since its inception, BOGML has grown organically and has gone through different stages of development in response to the challenges of growth and changes in both its internal and external environments. The company is currently under pressure to continue evolving.

Required:

i) Identify and describe the first two phases of growth applicable to BOGML based on Greiner’s Growth Model. In your explanation, include the type of crisis the company faced at each phase.

ii) The board has proposed appointing Regional Managers who will be responsible for the sales performance of the company’s filling and gas stations in their regions. If this proposal is implemented, it will move the company to the next phase in Greiner’s Growth Model. Identify and explain what this next phase is, and describe the potential crisis that may arise at this stage.

C 

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2b – Integration/Responsiveness Matrix and Cost Reduction

Advising BOGML’s MD on the best international strategies under the IR Matrix to achieve cost reduction in expansion.

The Board of BOGML has approved the Managing Director’s proposal to expand operations into Tanzania and South Africa by 2026. A key strategic focus of the company has been cost reduction, due to the narrow profit margins prevalent in the industry.

Required:
Using the Integration/Responsiveness (IR) Matrix, advise Dr. Ayimadu Baffour on the two most suitable international strategies/choices that have a low requirement for local responsiveness but can effectively support his cost reduction objectives. Clearly identify and explain the two strategies within the IR Matrix that prioritize cost reduction.

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q2a – Approaches to Risk Management

Discusses risk management approaches to address identified risks in BOGML.

Approaches to risk management in BOGML – Advice to the board of directors

The following are the risk management approaches that the board of BOGML can adopt to manage the following risks identified in the company:

Risk A

  • Description: Low probability but high impact, e.g., pandemics, natural disasters.
  • Approach: Risk Transfer or Risk Sharing
  • Since this risk has a low likelihood of occurring but can result in severe financial losses, the company should consider transferring this risk or sharing risk. This can be done through the company taking full or partial (i.e. sharing of risk) insurance policies specifically designed for catastrophic events, such as business interruption insurance, pandemic insurance, or property insurance that covers natural disasters. Since the impact will be high when the risk occurs, the company can take insurance to pass on the high impact on the company to the insurance company which has to compensate BOGML in the event that the risk does occur.
  • The risk could also be shared through BOGML forming partnerships and collaborating with other OMCs to undertake investment in their oil stations.
  • The company should also develop a disaster recovery and business continuity plan to manage potential impacts effectively.

Risk B

  • Description: High likelihood but low financial impact, e.g., labor turnover and software downtime due to internet instability.

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  • 12 Marks

SCS – Nov 2024 – L3 – Q1a – Charles Handy’s Cultural Types

Discuss the application of Charles Handy's cultural types to BOGML's growth phases and analyze their impact.

Charles Handy identified four distinct categories of corporate culture (cultural stereotypes) that can exist within an organization. Since its formation, BOGML has exhibited all four categories of corporate culture during different phases of its growth.

Required:
Identify and explain the specific and appropriate category of corporate culture applicable, and discuss its impact on the company for each of the following phases of growth when Dr. Ayimadu Baffour:

i) Created the functional departments.
ii) Stated that BOGML is built around him and without him the company will not exist.
iii) Insisted on retaining all authority for decision-making.
iv) Emphasized getting work done through teamwork.

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  • 10 Marks

ICMA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q2a – Cash Collection and Payment

Calculates cash collected from debtors and payments made to creditors.

Cash Collected from Debtors and Payments to Creditors
The following balances have been extracted from the Statement of Financial Position of Zena LTD as at 31 December 2023:

Account Amount (GH¢)
Debtors 55,000
Creditors 60,000

Additional information from the 2024 budget:

  • Sales are GH¢250,000 out of which 25% is cash. The sales are evenly distributed and the business gives one-month credit to its customers.
  • Total purchases of GH¢180,000, evenly distributed, are all on credit. Suppliers allow two months’ credit.

Required:
i) The cash to be collected from debtors during the year.
ii) The cash to be paid during the year.

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  • 20 Marks

ICMA – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q1a – Marginal and Absorption Costing

Prepares profit or loss statements using both marginal costing and absorption costing methods.

Profit or Loss Statement using Marginal and Absorption Costing
The following data has been extracted from the operating records of Agongon LTD for the last two quarters of the year to 31 December, 2023:

Quarter 3 4
Production units 8,400 10,200
Sales units 6,600 11,400

GH¢
Selling price per unit 120
Variable manufacturing cost per unit:

  • Direct material cost 24
  • Direct labour cost 18
  • Variable overheads 12

Fixed production overheads are budgeted at GH¢144,000 for a budgeted production of 9,600 units per quarter. These overheads are absorbed on a per-unit production basis.

Non-production overheads comprised:

  • Fixed administration expenses of GH¢48,000 per quarter
  • Selling and distribution expenses 10% of sales.

Required:
Prepare a statement of profit or loss for each quarter using:
a) The Marginal Costing technique
b) The Absorption Costing technique

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  • 5 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5b – Registrar’s Power to Refuse Firm Registration

Circumstances under which the Registrar of Companies may refuse to register a firm or partnership.

The Registrar of Companies may refuse to register a firm or partnership.

Required:
Under what conditions will the Registrar of Companies in his opinion refuse to register a firm/partnership?

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  • 15 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q5a – Annual General Meeting (AGM) Requirements

Legal requirements for holding an AGM and consequences of non-compliance.

Yaw Perbi, the CEO of your company, is preparing for a top management meeting scheduled for 1 December 2023. One of the issues to be discussed is the mode of holding the next shareholders’ meeting. There are views that the Annual General Meeting (AGM) must be in-person so that members can vote on resolutions to be passed. Others believe that the AGM should be virtual or hybrid. Some shareholders believe that the items on the agenda are too many and that they would need two days to have a meaningful discussion. Kwasi Mensa, a shareholder, has decided not to attend the AGM if it is organised virtually.

Required:

a) Explain the following to your boss:

i) The requirement of the Companies Act, 2019 (Act 992) on the interval between which AGMs are to be held.

ii) THREE things that should be covered in the notice for an AGM.

iii) TWO consequences of not holding an AGM in accordance with the Companies Act.

iv) Justify whether or not decisions taken at the AGM will be binding on Kwasi Mensa.

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  • 5 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4d – Utmost Good Faith in Insurance

Explanation of the principle of utmost good faith in insurance contracts.

Disclosure of material facts is important in insurance transactions.

Required:
What is utmost good faith in insurance?

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  • 5 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4c – Contractual Obligations of a Minor

Legal validity of a contract involving a minor performing services for payment.

Amevo is a minor and a professional dancer. He entered into a contract to perform a series of dances for GH¢5,000 an hour per night of performance. The rule as accepted was that failure to perform in one series without reasonable excuse would incur a percentage deduction from his earnings at subsequent performances. Amevo failed to perform at one of the series. His attention was drawn to the rule, but he now thinks the deduction should not be made.

Required:
Advise Amevo.

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  • 6 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4b – Domestic Agreements and Legal Enforcement

Legal enforceability of a domestic agreement between spouses regarding financial obligations.

As part of the arrangements in the home of the Ananses, the husband agreed to pay the school fees of the children. The wife decided to use part of her earnings to manage the household chores, including the provision of food. The wife had observed for some time that the husband had not performed his side of the obligation, leading to arrears of school fees. She has therefore chosen to sue the husband in a court of law to compel him to perform his duty.

Required:
Advise her

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  • 5 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q4a – Agency of Necessity

Legal implications of an agent acting in necessity during a curfew.

Ozoozo is a cargo driving agent of Oforiwa, a trader. Ozoozo loaded a truck of yam from Kutunada for delivery to Oforiwa in Accra. In the course of the journey and at Butako township, a curfew was imposed as a result of chieftaincy issues in the traditional area. He tried to communicate with Oforiwa but he was unable to do so due to network challenges. Ozoozo found it useful to off-load the cargo of yam and dispose of it by sale. He accounted for the sale but Oforiwa became furious.

Required:
Advise Oforiwa.

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  • 10 Marks

BCL – Nov 2024 – L1 – Q3b – Financial Assistance for Share Purchase

Conditions under which a company may provide financial assistance for share purchase.

Under what circumstances will the provision of financial assistance by a company for the purchase of its own shares be permitted?

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  • 10 Marks

BCL-Nov-2024-L1-Q3a-Unfair Termination of Employment

Legal basis for unfair termination of employment under the Labour Act.

Alahey, an employee of Gyammea Ventures, has had his appointment terminated following allegations of financial impropriety. In his response to a query for the alleged offense, he admitted committing the offense and pleaded for leniency.

For the offense of financial impropriety, the corresponding penalty should have been dismissal, as per the “Employee Handbook” of the company.

On account of his plea, Management decided to terminate the relationship with loss of terminal benefits. Alahey is minded to sue Gyammea Ventures for unfair termination and has approached you for advice.

Required:
With your understanding of the Labour Act, 2003, (Act 651), explain to Alahey the basis for severance of the employment relationship that can constitute unfair termination.

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