Series: NOV 2023

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Audit Planning and Strategy

Outlines audit strategies, factors for strategy selection, and distinction between audit strategy and audit plan for Orlando Professional Services.

The overseas technical partners of Orlando Professional Services came for a review of operations and system of internal control of the firm. A number of audit engagement files regarding financial statements on which the firm had expressed audit opinion were selected for review. It was believed that the strategic review would be necessary to determine the appropriate audit approach for a detailed audit plan in the firm to bring efficiency and enhance good client service delivery. The review exercise also covered:

i. The firm’s basis of risk assessment on audit and assurance engagements;
ii. Determination of staff recruitment, training, reward, and evaluation;
iii. Previous audit opinions on financial statements and progress on ongoing jobs;
iv. System of archival and retrieval of documents;
v. Major risks and other factors such as industry issues;
vi. Procedures for engaging and monitoring experts both internal and external; and
vii. Reports from regulators.

The team interviewed partners, staff, and directors of major clients of the firm. It was believed that the outcome of the review exercise would help to reposition the firm and upscale strategies to get a fair share of the market in the upcoming mandatory rotation of auditors.

At the end of the exercise, it was reported that the audit strategy of the firm was not robust enough, too generic, and lacked focus to meet the firm’s need in the next decade. The team recommended that proactive steps should be taken to evolve a good strategy that would stand the test of time in the light of the increasing competition in the audit and assurance marketplace.

As a staff of the firm, you have been selected as a member of the committee to develop the new audit strategies for submission in the next two weeks for the consideration and approval of the executive council of Orlando Professional Services.

Required:

a. Outline the approaches to the main audit strategies your firm is expected to adopt.
(9 Marks)

b. Explain the factors that will be considered in the selection of audit strategies.
(4 Marks)

c. Explain the difference between Audit Strategy and Audit Plan.
(2 Marks)

Total: 15 Marks

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discusses control activities for Reliable Ltd and external auditor responsibilities in light of control gaps and bank requirements.

Reliable Limited is into wholesale and retail supply and distribution of stationeries to companies and educational institutions. The company maintains business relationships with other enterprises that are owned by close friends and relatives. The books of account of the company were kept manually and in simple Excel. The company had only a staff member in the accounts department since it is a small business operation.

A review of the company’s operations shows that inventory of stationeries purchased was not properly valued due to incomplete recording of purchases made. Although bank statements are obtained, the balances on the bank statements were not reconciled with the cash book.

Cash from sales made was not banked intact, and expenses relating to cash takings from the till were not all recorded or properly monitored. Added to this, goods bought from related parties were sometimes overvalued as suppliers made frivolous claims which could not be disputed due to poor record keeping. The Managing Director and owner of the company has been sick for some time, and the wife concentrated more on her own business, leaving the operations of the company to a relation who is not well educated. Available evidence revealed that invoices and vouchers of the company were approved without management review, and the procedure or selection of suppliers was not transparent.

The company has just won a contract for the supply of stationeries in one of the states in the Federation, and it was found that there was inadequate cash flow to execute the contract. The manager of the company informed the Managing Director’s wife of the development, and it was agreed that a bank loan would be needed. On approaching the bank, updated financial statements of the company were requested to determine the financial health of the business and ability to repay the loan when due.

Your firm has been appointed as auditors of the company with a stipulated deadline to complete the audit so that the company could meet the bank’s conditions. The firm has conducted a preliminary review of the operations of the company, and some control gaps have been noted.

Required:

a. Discuss suitable control activities that will be required in the above scenario and how you will assess the degree of effectiveness of the internal control systems.
(10 Marks)

b. Identify and explain what the external auditors are expected to do during the course of the above audit.
(5 Marks)

Total: 15 Marks

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  • 15 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Audit of IT Systems and Data Analytics

Discusses COBIT's purposes, components, and its application in business processes for IT governance and audit functions.

Hillary Professional Services is a medium-sized firm on a retreat having successfully combined business operations to take advantage of mandatory audit rotation guidelines. At the retreat, it was agreed that a robust software to reduce paperwork was inevitable. All along, one of the combined firms has an Information Technology (IT) Unit which has been strengthened with state-of-the-art equipment.

All auditors are now encouraged to show more interest in information technology, especially in areas relating to data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Undoubtedly, understanding the business information system used by management is necessary as they affect risk assessment involved in the financial reporting process. It was also concluded that obtaining an understanding of the field of information technology is a standard audit procedure to be followed; otherwise, it will be difficult to evaluate the adequacy of the expert’s work as recommended by International Standards on Auditing. The purpose of the merger will be defeated if the firm will not be able to win jobs and perform well in a highly competitive market. The after-effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has also revealed that one could work with flexibility anywhere if there is a robust audit software in place.

The IT Audit Partner made a presentation on “COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) – a globally accepted suite of tools that a client might use in order to ensure IT is working effectively.” He stated that COBIT is all about doing the right things the right way in order to deliver benefits to the client.

You are a staff of Hillary Professional Services. Based on the presentation made on COBIT at the retreat, you have been divided into groups and the groups are to debrief the main group after one hour.

Required:

a. State the purposes of COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies).
(3 Marks)

b. Identify and explain the specific components of COBIT.
(8 Marks)

c. Explain how COBIT will be applied in the business process.
(4 Marks)

Total: 15 Marks

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Evaluate auditor’s rights, management's responsibilities, and reasons for possible auditor resignation at Phil Plc.

Phil Plc has been in business of manufacturing textile materials for about twenty years and has been rendering good returns to shareholders on their investments until about a few years ago, precisely in 2019. The business of the company went down drastically in 2020 due to measures taken to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus, which included travel bans, quarantines, social distancing, and closures of non-essential services. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly caused disruptions to businesses worldwide, resulting in economic slowdown. The problem was aggravated with the Federal Government of Nigeria enforcing restrictions on movement. All businesses and offices were affected with exceptions of power distribution, oil and gas (petroleum), and retail companies.

COVID-19 pandemic impacted the economy generally, and the following were the impacts on the company:

  • Increase in cost of raw materials as a result of devaluation of the currency due to the drop in the price of crude oil;
  • Shortage in supply of key raw materials sourced from other countries, for example, China; and
  • Increase in ocean freight costs and inland transportation.

The impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 directly caused economic losses through disruptions in supply chains, demand, and financial markets, affecting business investment, household consumption, and international trade. The crisis led to a decline in revenue.

However, despite the challenges, management continued to strive for impressive performance for the shareholders. A board member believed there is an unhealthy relationship between management and the board of directors as she accused management of lack of transparency and threatened to resign. The problem was compounded after the year-end audit when the auditors reported that the company’s internal controls were ineffective and accused management of fraudulent financial reporting. The external auditors also threatened to restate the prior year’s financial statements, believing there were misstatements of certain account balances.

The Managing Director and some directors argued that it is their responsibility to prepare financial statements and that auditors do not have the right to make restatements. However, the Chairman of the audit committee and a few directors supported the auditors and appealed to management to allow the auditors to perform their regulated duties, warning that they may report to the Financial Reporting Council on management’s activities.

The external auditors, surprised by management’s actions, threatened to resign. They were also uncomfortable with the following issues during the audit:

  • The supporting documents from which financial statements were prepared;
  • Review of opening balances revealing omission of some transactions and significant information in disclosures;
  • Misapplication of accounting principles regarding amounts, classifications, presentation, and disclosures.

Added to the above, the external auditors identified risks likely affecting asset valuation and other significant accrued liabilities. Your firm is preparing for a discussion with the audit committee and has instructed your team to review specific sections.

Required:

a. Evaluate the rights and duties of the auditors in a professional engagement. (10 Marks)

b. Enumerate what you consider as the responsibilities of management and those charged with governance in Phil Plc. (5 Marks)

c. Discuss the reason why your firm may resign the appointment as the auditors of the company. (5 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Internal Audit and Corporate Governance

Discuss audit activities, key focus areas, and factors of concern in auditing Giant Club.

Giant Club has been in existence for about 6 years. The club membership comprises of eminent individuals in society and has a certificate of registration under the relevant laws. It has an approximate enrollment of 1,000 members. The club’s funding is supported by membership fees, parking fees, rental fees, voluntary donations, and income from endowment investments.

The club has been named as a beneficiary under the wills of two deceased members. Collection on the proceeds of the estate is made subsequent to the balance sheet date. Collections from the will receivable in the amount of N6,200,000 have been recorded based on the available information from the estate administrators. During the 2020 financial year, the club was committed to giving scholarships to seven students in various higher institutions. Accordingly, the club has agreed to pay these individuals regular pocket money in addition to providing medical coverage as needed. Since it is a non-for-profit organisation (NFPO), the club has not been conducting an independent statutory audit of the financial statements since inception. However, the club has been appointing its officers as and when due every two years.

The new Treasurer, who is a professional accountant, took over the control of the treasury and his review revealed that:

  • There was no periodic review of inventory items and background check on vendors/suppliers;
  • There were calls from vendors stating they haven’t been paid when records show payments have been made;
  • There were cases of cash takings not banked;
  • No control over cheque lodgments and reconciliation of the bank account;
  • No background check for those who handled money;
  • The computers used for transactions did not have protective passwords;
  • No evidence that the organisation sent acknowledgements to contributors with a record of such acknowledgements kept on file;
  • When new members were admitted and they made yearly subscription payments, the club did not issue pre-numbered tickets, which could then be compared to funds deposited;
  • When cheques were issued, supporting documentation of expenses and approvals at the time of signing cheques were not available; and
  • Requests for reimbursement were not checked for arithmetical accuracy and reasonableness before approval.

The new management of Giant Club has just appointed your firm as the external auditor, and you have been selected as the senior in charge of the audit.

Required:

a. Discuss the activities you will carry out when performing the audit of the Club. (10 Marks)

b. Evaluate the key audit areas that you will focus on to get enough audit evidence on this type of audit.

(5 Marks)

c. Determine other factors that should be of concern in this type of audit. (5 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Audit of Complex Entities

Outline procedures for consolidated audit, risk approach, and communication with new auditors.

ABC Limited is owned and controlled by DOBS Plc, which is involved in the manufacture of car fittings and accessories. TRC & Co (Chartered Accountants), where you work, has been auditing DOBS Plc for the last five (5) years.

ABC Limited is preparing for its first AGM, and at its last board of directors meeting, a member proposed appointing another firm, different from TRC & Co, as its auditors. The appointment will subsequently be approved at the said AGM. With the directives from DOBS Plc, the idea was accepted, and Tim Brown & Co. (Chartered Accountants) was appointed for the year under consideration.

There are issues with the marketing of the products of ABC Limited, and there have been criticisms in the public domain over the last two quarters. The audits of the two companies are ongoing concurrently by the two firms.

Required:

a. Prepare the list of items to be included in the “letter of instruction” TRC & Co. should send to Tim Brown & Co.
(6 Marks)

b. For the purpose of ensuring that the financial statements are properly consolidated, prepare a document outlining the audit procedures TRC & Co. needs to adopt.
(9 Marks)

c. Evaluate the nature of the business risk approach to be adopted by TRC & Co. in the review of ABC Limited during the audit.
(5 Marks)
(Total 20 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AAA – Nov 2023 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Audit of Complex Entities

Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Sports PLC Group as of September 30, 2020, with adjustments for subsidiaries, non-controlling interests, goodwill, and investments.

BP Fashion Limited is trading and expanding in the fashion industry. Over the years, the company has been audited by LMP Professional Services. The company is considering going to the stock market to raise funds through an increase in its issued share capital for the purpose of expansion into new markets.

The summarised two-year financial statements and the nine (9) months accounts of the company are given below:

BP Fashion Limited

Summarised Income Statement For the Years Ended December 31,

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Revenue ₦2,952m ₦3,510m ₦4,139m
Cost of sales (₦1,402m) (₦1,671m) (₦1,987m)
Gross profit ₦1,550m ₦1,839m ₦2,152m
Other income ₦15m ₦21m ₦25m
Operating costs:
– Employee costs (₦390m) (₦460m) (₦538m)
– Occupancy costs (₦262m) (₦312m) (₦373m)
– Other operating costs (₦278m) (₦326m) (₦389m)
Earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) ₦635m ₦762m ₦877m

 

Summarised Statement of Financial Position

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment ₦375m ₦470m ₦470m
Deferred tax ₦30m ₦35m ₦40m
Total non-current assets (A) ₦405m ₦505m ₦510m
Current assets
Inventories ₦425m ₦525m ₦655m
Trade and other receivables ₦125m ₦150m ₦175m
Cash and equivalents ₦425m ₦545m ₦780m
Total current assets (B) ₦975m ₦1,220m ₦1,610m
Total assets (A + B) ₦1,380m ₦1,725m ₦2,120m

Equity and Liabilities

2019 2020 2021 (9 months)
Share capital and reserves ₦885m ₦1,135m ₦1,430m
Long-term loans ₦125m ₦125m ₦125m
Employees’ benefits ₦20m ₦35m ₦50m
Deferred tax ₦55m ₦65m ₦70m
Non-current liabilities ₦200m ₦225m ₦245m
Trade and other payables ₦270m ₦335m ₦410m
Tax payable ₦25m ₦30m ₦35m
Current liabilities ₦295m ₦365m ₦445m
Total equity and liabilities ₦1,380m ₦1,725m ₦2,120m

It has become necessary, and as part of the NGX Exchange Limited‟s requirements,
to appoint another firm of accountants to review the financial statements for some
specified periods. Your firm Stratcom Partners has been approached to carry out the
necessary review.

Required:

a. Highlight the features of professional engagements as contained in ISRE 2410:
International Standard on Review Engagement and ISRS 4410 (revised):
International standard on Related Services. (8 Marks)
b. Detail out the procedures to be carried out in the review of interim financial
information. (6 Marks)

c. In view of the changes in inventories in the financial statements given above,
between the last two periods, provide the substantive procedures that would
be carried out to establish a reliable evidence of the change. (6 Marks)

d. Prepare the outline of the reporting requirements of a compilation engagement.
(10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2023 – L1 – SC – Q7 – Corporate Governance and Financial Strategy

Analyze FP’s dividend payout impact on stock price using forward P/E ratio, ROE, and sustainable growth rate.

Ope plc has N10m 5 percent convertible bonds in issue. The option to convert into 40 N1 ordinary shares is open only for one more year; they must be either converted in one year’s time or left as ordinary bonds until nine years’ time when they will be redeemed at par. The current share price is ₦1.60, and the annual growth rate in the share price is 15 percent per annum. The current required return on Ope’s equity is 25 percent, its business being relatively risky.

The current yield on ordinary non-convertible bonds in similar companies is 11 percent. These interest rates are expected to remain constant.

Ife plc has 100,000 warrants outstanding, each entitling the holder to subscribe for one N1 ordinary share at 90 kobo any time during the next 3 years. The current share price is 57 kobo, and the capital growth is expected to be constant at 12 percent p.a. in the future. The current price of the warrant is 10 kobo.

Required:

a. Calculate the current value of Ope’s convertibles as straight debt, i.e., ignoring the option to convert and the value if conversion were to take place today. Would you expect the market value of the convertible to be above or below each of these amounts and why? (5 Marks)

b. By how much should the share price of Ope Plc rise before holders would be induced to convert, on the last possible date for conversion? (4 Marks)

c. Explain why the market value of a convertible bond is likely to be affected by the dividend policy of the issuing company. (4 Marks)

d. Based on the projected capital growth for Ife Plc, would you expect holders of the warrants to exercise them before expiry? What is the minimum annual growth rate of the share price necessary to induce holders to exercise their warrants? (2 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2023 – L1 – SC – Q6 – Corporate Governance and Financial Strategy

Explain conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers and assess the impact of lower interest rates on a typical company.

a. State and explain examples of conflicts of interest that may exist between shareholders and managers. (9 Marks)

b. Explain the likely implications for a typical company of lower interest rates. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FM – Nov 2023 – L1 – SC – Q5 – Business Valuation Techniques

Calculate convertible bonds' value as debt, assess market expectations, and analyze conversion inducements and dividend policy effects on convertible bonds.

Ope plc has N10m 5 percent convertible bonds in issue. The option to convert into 40 N1 ordinary shares is open only for one more year; they must be either converted in one year’s time or left as ordinary bonds until nine years’ time when they will be redeemed at par. The current share price is ₦1.60, and the annual growth rate in share price is 15 percent per annum. The current required return on Ope’s equity is 25 percent, as its business is relatively risky.

The current yield on ordinary non-convertible bonds in similar companies is 11 percent. These interest rates are expected to remain constant.

Ife plc has 100,000 warrants outstanding, each entitling the holder to subscribe for one N1 ordinary share at 90 kobo anytime during the next 3 years. The current share price is 57 kobo, and capital growth is expected to be constant at 12 percent per annum in the future. The current price of the warrant is 10 kobo.

Required:

a. Calculate the current value of Ope’s convertibles as straight debt, i.e., ignoring the option to convert, and the value if conversion were to take place today. Would you expect the market value of the convertible to be above or below each of these amounts, and why? (5 Marks)

b. By how much should the share price of Ope Plc rise before holders would be induced to convert on the last possible date for conversion? (4 Marks)

c. Explain why the market value of a convertible bond is likely to be affected by the dividend policy of the issuing company. (4 Marks)

d. Based on the projected capital growth for Ife Plc, would you expect holders of
the warrants to exercise them before expiry? What is the minimum annual
growth -rate of the share price necessary to induce holders to exercise their
warrants?
(2 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AT – Nov 2023 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Taxation of Specialized Businesses

Compute adjusted profits, tax liabilities, and analyze Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act provisions for a pioneer company.

Paper World Nigeria Limited, Ibadan, a manufacturer of paper pulp, paper, and paperboard, was granted a pioneer certificate by the Federal Government on May 1, 2017, for an initial period of three years. Due to unfavorable business conditions and interference by the Ministry of Industry on dividend policy, loss treatment, and capital allowances, the company did not apply for an extension to the pioneer status.

The company’s financial statements for the first three years are as follows:

(i) Financial Data for the Years Ended

Year End April 30, 2018 April 30, 2019 April 30, 2020
N’000 N’000 N’000
Net loss (28,700) (25,500) (20,200)
After charging:
Salaries and wages 15,300 16,100 17,360
Transport and traveling 1,100 1,700 1,820
Depreciation 6,800 7,530 8,600
Rent and rates 1,200 1,400 1,500
Donations to social clubs 100 0 250
Allowance for doubtful debts:
Specific 1,400 1,200 1,500
General 1,850 1,750 1,800
General expenses 1,650 1,820 1,900

(ii) Qualifying Capital Expenditure (QCE) Certified by FIRS at Pioneer Period End

(iii) Additional QCE Acquired:

QCE Number of Items Amount (N’000) Date of Acquisition
Furniture and fittings 2 500 June 12, 2020
Motor vehicles 1 2,200 March 7, 2021

(iv) Operational Result (April 30, 2021)

Description N’000
Turnover 102,500
Dividend income (grossed up) 1,200
Other operating income 800
Total 104,500
Deductions:
Salaries and wages 39,600
Repairs and maintenance 3,500
Depreciation 15,300
Rents and rates 6,800
General and administrative expenses 9,970
Legal fees 2,500
Audit and accountancy fees 3,200
Allowance for doubtful debts 6,600
Bank charges 2,100
Net profits 14,930

Additional Information:

  • Dividend Income: From equity shares in a Nigerian listed company.
  • QCE Acquisitions:
    • Non-industrial building: N10,000
    • Industrial building: N25,600
    • Manufacturing industrial plants: N12,600
    • Furniture and fittings: N3,400
    • Motor vehicles: N4,000

(vi) Repairs and Maintenance Breakdown:

Category Amount (N’000)
Manufacturing plant repairs 1,500
Motor vehicle maintenance 800
Non-industrial building improvement 1,200

(vii) General and Administrative Expenses:

Category Amount (N’000)
Transport and traveling 3,750
Advertisement 4,920
Transfer to revenue reserve 1,300

(viii) Legal Fees Breakdown:

Category Amount (N’000)
Collection of trade debts 1,100
Fine for late tax filing 50
Legal expenses on new share issue 1,350

(ix) Doubtful Debts Allowance Breakdown:

Category Amount (N’000)
Bad debts written off 2,800
Specific provision 2,500
General provision 3,700
Bad debts recovered (2,400)

Required: As the company’s newly appointed Tax Consultant, prepare a report to the Managing Director stating the:

  1. Adjusted Profits for the Relevant Periods (13 Marks)
  2. Tax Liabilities Payable for the Relevant Assessment Year (11 Marks)
  3. Provisions of the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act 2007 (as amended) in respect of a Pioneer Company’s:
    • i. Dividend Payment (2 Marks)
    • ii. Losses Made During the Pioneer Period (2 Marks)
    • iii. Capital Allowances for Qualifying Capital Expenditure Acquired During the Pioneer Period (2 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q7 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (IAS 37)

Evaluate Roman Limited's recognition of provision for emission reduction costs, compute the provision amounts, and explain the profit or loss components.

Roman Limited prepares its financial statements in accordance with International Accounting Standards. On March 16, 2017, Roman Limited made a public announcement of a decision to reduce the level of emission of harmful chemicals from its factories. The average useful life of the factories on March 31, 2017 was 25 years. The depreciation of the factories is computed on a straight-line basis and charged to cost of sales. The directors formulated the proposal for emission reduction following an agreement in principle earlier in the year.

The directors prepared detailed estimates of the costs of their proposals, showing the following expenditures:

  • N60 million on March 31, 2018
  • N60 million on March 31, 2019
  • N80 million on March 31, 2020

All estimates were for actual anticipated cash payments. No contracts were entered into until after April 1, 2017. The estimate proved accurate regarding the expenditure due on March 31, 2018. When the directors decided to proceed with this project, they used discounted cash flow techniques to appraise the proposed investment, with an annual discount rate of 8%. The company has a reputation for fulfilling its financial commitments after it has publicly announced them. Roman Limited has made a provision for the expected costs of its proposal in the financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2017.

In accordance with the provisions of IAS 37 – Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets:

Required:
a. Explain the decision of the directors of Roman Limited to recognize the provision in the statement of financial position as at March 31, 2017.
(6 Marks)

b. Compute the appropriate provisions in the statement of financial position in respect of the proposed expenditure at March 31, 2017, and March 31, 2018.
(4 Marks)

Compute the TWO components of the charge to the statement of profit or loss in respect of the proposal for the year ended March 31, 2018. You should explain how each component arises and identify where in the statement of profit or loss each component is reported.
(5 Marks)

(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q6 – Integrated Reporting

Discuss the limitations of financial reporting and the role of integrated reporting in enhancing corporate disclosures, as well as the main aims of IIRC.

There is general acceptance that using traditional financial reporting as the sole measure of a company’s performance and financial standing is a flawed approach. However, corporate sustainability reports help to fill this gap but are not often linked to a company’s strategy or financial performance and provide insufficient information on value creation.

Integrated reporting is a new approach, which is a concise communication about how an organization’s strategy, governance, performance, and prospects, in the context of its external environment, leads to the creation of value in the short, medium, and long term.

Required:
a. In the context of the above scenario, critically discuss the limitations of financial reporting and the extent to which integrated reporting might improve the usefulness of annual reports of companies.
(11 Marks)

b. Identify the FOUR major aims of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) in the evolution of corporate reporting.
(4 Marks)
(Total 15 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SC – Q5 – Introduction to Corporate Reporting

Explain digital transformation in finance and the inclusion of social responsibility reporting requirements and benefits.

a. Digital transformation in the finance and accounting industry was accelerated by the technological development following the COVID-19 pandemic, which reshaped business models and organizations globally. For many organizations, the impetus to full digital adoption and transformation was a major enabler for survival and growth.

Required:
Identify and explain various ways in which finance executives can embrace digital transformation in accounting, financial, and corporate reporting.
(10 Marks)

b. Westham PLC is a multinational energy group recently quoted on the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) and the London Stock Exchange (LSE). Among its many activities, the group operates an oil refinery in Nigeria, a nuclear waste disposal facility in South Africa, and a coal extraction facility in Kenya.

The finance director of Westham PLC is aware that other companies in similar sectors are including social responsibility and environmental reports as part of their corporate annual reports.

Required:
i. Identify and explain the requirements for including this type of information in corporate annual reports in Nigeria.
(2 Marks)

ii. Discuss the benefits of publishing social and environmental reports.
(3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q4 – Financial Instruments (IFRS 9)

Discuss IFRS 9 derecognition rules, trade receivables factoring, and FVTOCI investment strategy for Pelumi Limited.

a. Derecognition of financial instruments is the removal of a previously recognised financial asset or liability from an entity’s statement of financial position.

Required:
Discuss the rules of IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments relating to the derecognition of a financial asset. (10 Marks)

b. Royal Business Limited (RBL) held a portfolio of trade receivables with a carrying amount of N40 million as of May 31, 2022. At that date, the entity entered into a factoring agreement with Hexlinks Bank Limited (HBL), whereby it transfers the receivables in exchange for N36 million in cash. Royal Business Limited has agreed to reimburse the factor (HBL) for any shortfall between the amount collected and N36 million. Once the receivables have been collected, any amount above N36 million, less interest on this amount, will be repaid to Royal Business Limited. Royal Business Limited has derecognised the receivables and charged N4 million as a loss to profit or loss.

Required:
Explain how the rules of derecognition of the financial assets will affect the portfolio of trade receivables in Royal Business Limited’s financial statements. (3 Marks)

c. During the year 2021, Pelumi Limited invested in 800,000 shares in an NGX quoted company. The shares were purchased at N4.54 per share. The broker collected a commission of 1% on the transaction. Pelumi Limited elected to measure their shares at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). The quoted share price as of December 31, 2021, was N4.22 to N4.26. Pelumi Limited decided to adopt a ‘sale and buy back’ strategy for the shares to realise a tax loss and therefore sold the shares at the market price on December 31, 2021, and bought the same quantity back the following day. The market price did not change on January 1, 2022. The broker collected a 1% commission on both transactions.

Required:
Explain the IFRS 9 accounting treatment of the above shares in the financial statement of Pelumi Limited for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Note: Show relevant calculations. (7 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q3 – Segment Reporting (IFRS 8)

Guidance on segment reporting and accounting for a conditional building asset transfer and related costs.

Puppsy PLC had identified the following segments in its annual financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2020:

i. Segment A
ii. Segment B
iii. Segment C

The company disclosed two reportable segments. Segments A and B were aggregated into a single reportable operating segment. Operating segments A and B have been aggregated on the basis of their similar basic features and the nature of their goods and services. In the local train market, it is the local transport authority which awards the contract and pays Puppsy PLC for its services. In the local train market, contracts are awarded following a competitive tender process, and the ticket prices paid by passengers are set by and paid to the transport authority. In the inter-city train market, ticket prices are set by Puppsy PLC, and the passengers pay Puppsy PLC for the service provided.

Required:
Advise Puppsy PLC on how the above issues should be dealt with in its financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2020.
(10 Marks)

b. Puppsy PLC was given a building by a private person in August 2018. The benefactor of the building included a condition that the building must be brought into use as a train museum in the interests of the local community or the asset (or a sum equivalent to the fair value of the asset) must be returned. The fair value of the asset was N7.5 million in August 2019. Puppsy PLC took over the building in November 2018.

However, the company could not utilize the building in accordance with the condition until August 2019 as the building needed some renovation and adaptation and in order to abide with the condition attached to it. Puppsy PLC spent N2.5 million on renovation and adaptation.

Required:
Advise Puppsy PLC on the appropriate accounting treatment for the building and the costs incurred in preparing it for use in its financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2020.
(5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SB – Q2 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Analyze the profitability, cash flow, and investor ratios of Mama-Kitchen PLC and discuss dividend policy and EPS limitations.

Mama-Kitchen PLC owns a number of subsidiaries that operate standard fast-food eateries in all the six geopolitical zones of the country. You are the financial analyst of your Bank (Pam-Pam Bank Nigeria Limited) which owns 10% of the issued share capital of Mama-Kitchen PLC.

You are provided with the following financial and background information on Mama-Kitchen PLC.

Mama-Kitchen PLC

Consolidated statement of profit or loss for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Revenue 188,900 145,850
Cost of sales (141,700) (110,400)
Gross profit 47,200 35,450
Admin expenses (31,200) (22,400)
Profit from operations 16,000 13,050
Finance cost (2,050) (2,100)
Profit before taxation 13,950 10,950
Income tax expense (3,050) (2,300)
Profit for the year 10,900 8,650
Earnings per share – basic 26.8k 21.3k
Earnings per share – diluted 21.2k 19.2k

Mama-Kitchen PLC

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Profit before taxation 13,950 10,950
Finance cost 2,050 2,100
Depreciation and amortisation 15,300 11,050
Loss on disposal of PPE 150 50
(Increase)/decrease in inventories (200) 50
Increase/decrease in receivables (1,250) (100)
Increase in trade payables 2,250 650
Total 32,250 24,750
Interest paid (2,050) (2,200)
Tax paid (1,600) (1,300)
Net cash flows from operating activities 28,600 21,250
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of PPE (29,850) (28,950)
Proceed from sale of PPE 100 150
Net cash used in investing activities (29,750) (28,800)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issues of shares 1,200 100
Borrowings 3,250 10,000
Net cash flow from financing activities 4,450 10,100
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,300 2,550
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning 12,400 9,850
Cash and cash equivalents at year end 15,700 12,400

Details of revenue, fast food outlets profits, and new fast food outlets openings for the year ended September 30

2023 2022
Revenue per fast food outlets:
At September 30 1,770 1,715
Opened in the current financial year 1,290 –
Gross profit per outlet opened
At September 30 435 415
In the current financial year 345

Note:

  • 30 new outlets were opened during the year ended September 30, 2023, bringing the total to 115 fast food outlets.

Additional financial information

2023 2022
Gross profit margin 25% 24.3%
Debt equity ratio 35.2% 44.4%
Current ratio 0.56:1 0.48:1
Trade payables payment period 86 days 103 days
Return on capital employed 20% 19.1%
Cash return on capital employed 40.2% 36.3%
Earnings before Interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (N‟m) 31,300 24,100
Non-current assets turnover 1.68 times 1.49 times
Share price (at September 30) 302k 290k

Background information

i. Mama-Kitchen PLC has a reputation of depreciating its assets more slowly than others in the industry.

ii. The strategy of the group is to fund new fast food outlets capital expenditure from existing operating cash flows without needing to raise new borrowings.

iii. Revenue growth in the industry is estimated at 4.1% per annum.

iv. It is the company’s policy to increase promotional and advertising spending on new outlets to encourage strong initial sales.

v. The board has accused the management of concentrating on new outlet openings to the detriment of existing outlets.

vi. One of your colleagues, a financial analyst, stated that the company has not been able to pay dividends because of the debit balance on its consolidated retained earnings.

Required:

a. Draft a report addressed to the Managing Director of Pam-Pam Bank Limited analyzing the profitability, cash flows, and investor ratios of Mama-Kitchen PLC. You should also identify and justify matters that you consider will require further investigations.
(13 Marks)

b. Explain the validity or otherwise of your colleague financial analyst’s statement that Mama-Kitchen PLC was unable to pay dividends because of the debit balance on consolidated retained earnings.
(4 Marks)

c. Explain the usefulness and limitations of diluted earnings per share information to investors.
(3 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

CR – Nov 2023 – L3 – SA – Q1 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Prepare a consolidated statement of financial position for Sports PLC Group, considering goodwill, non-controlling interests, impairments, and disposals.

Sports PLC is a company which operates in the service sector. Sports PLC has a business relationship with Football PLC and Volleyball PLC. The financial positions of these companies as at September 30, 2020, are stated below:

Item Sports PLC Football PLC Volleyball PLC
Non-current assets: N’m N’m N’m
Property, plants, and equipment 1,840 600 620
Investment in subsidiaries:
– Football PLC 1,460 – –
– Volleyball PLC 640 – –
Investment in Handball PLC 96 – –
Intangible assets 396 60 70
Total Non-current assets 3,792 1,300 690
Current assets 1,790 960 500
Total assets 5,582 2,260 1,190

Equity and liabilities

Item Sports PLC Football PLC Volleyball PLC
Ordinary share capital 1,840 800 400
Other components of equity 146 74 50
Retained earnings 1,790 884 278
Total equity 3,776 1,758 728
Non-current liabilities 990 246 186
Current liabilities 816 256 276
Total liabilities 1,806 502 462
Total equity and liabilities 5,582 2,260 1,190

Additional Information

  1. Acquisition of Football PLC:
    • On October 1, 2018, Sports PLC acquired 70% of the equity interest in Football PLC. The purchase consideration was cash of N1,460 million. At the acquisition date, the fair value of the non-controlling interests (NCI) in Football PLC was N590 million. The fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired was N1,670 million. Retained earnings of Football PLC were N638 million, and other components of equity were N54 million. The excess in fair value is due to non-depreciable land.
  2. Acquisition of Volleyball PLC:
    • On October 1, 2019, Football PLC acquired 80% of the equity interest in Volleyball PLC for a cash consideration of N640 million. The fair value of the non-controlling interests for 20%, 30%, and 44% holdings was N144 million, N216 million, and N322 million, respectively. At the date of acquisition, the fair value of the identifiable net assets of Volleyball PLC was N724 million. Retained earnings were N212 million, and other components of equity were N40 million. The excess in fair value is due to non-depreciable land. The group’s policy is to measure the non-controlling interests at fair value at the acquisition date.
  3. Impairment Testing:
    • As of September 30, 2020, both Football PLC and Volleyball PLC were tested for impairment. The recoverable amounts for Football PLC and Volleyball PLC were N2,850 million and N1,208 million, respectively. Directors determined that impairment was due to poor performance of intangible assets.
  4. Investment in Handball PLC:
    • On October 1, 2018, Sports PLC acquired a 14% interest in Handball PLC for N36 million, classified as fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI). On April 1, 2020, Sports PLC acquired an additional 16% interest for N54 million, achieving significant influence. The value of the original 14% investment on April 1, 2020, was N42 million. Handball PLC reported after-tax profits of N40 million for the year ending September 30, 2019, and N60 million for the year ending September 30, 2020. In September 2020, Sports PLC received a dividend of N4 million from Handball PLC, credited to other components of equity.
  5. Project Development Costs:
    • Sports PLC purchased patents costing N20 million on October 1, 2019, to develop new products. An additional investigative cost of N14 million was incurred, and a working prototype was created at a cost of N8 million. Another N6 million was spent to prepare the product for sale, and marketing costs amounted to N4 million. All costs were included in intangible assets.
  6. Disposal Plan:
    • Sports PLC intends to dispose of a major patent line. At the date the criteria for “held for sale” were met, the carrying amounts were:
      • Property, Plant, and Equipment: N36 million
      • Inventories: N98 million
      • Current Liabilities (Trade Payables): N6 million
    • Expected proceeds are N60 million. No adjustments have been made to the financial statements for this decision.

Required: Prepare the consolidated statement of financial position for Sports PLC Group as of September 30, 2020. (30 Marks)

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q6c – Professional Practice and Codes of Ethics

Identifying and explaining two limitations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.

The OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, as an international statement of principles about corporate governance, establishes minimum acceptable standards of corporate governance. However, like any such document on corporate governance, it has several limitations.

Required:
Identify and explain TWO (2) limitations of the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance.
(5 marks)

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  • 5 Marks

SCS – Nov 2023 – L3 – Q6b – Controlling Risk

Explaining two key roles the Board of Directors should play in risk management and internal controls at NSL.

Risk management and internal controls are largely the responsibility of management at NSL. However, the Board of Directors has a role to play.

Required:
Identify and explain TWO (2) key roles the Board of Directors of NSL should play in relation to risk management and internal controls in accordance with the UK Corporate Governance Code and the Ghana Code of Best Practices for Corporate Governance.
(5 marks)

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