Series: NOV 2015

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q7 – Corporate Strategy Formulation

Analyzes reasons for slow growth in DAB phone sales, uses the S-shaped growth curve to evaluate market stages, and suggests sales improvement strategies.

Ade John is a graduate of XYZ University. For his final project work in the Department of
Electronics and Electrical Engineering, he designed a cell-phone that is rugged, cheap,
handy and not sophisticated.
During his national service year, he kept toying with the idea of manufacturing the cellphone. To ascertain that there is a market for the phone, he carried out a series of market surveys among rural farmers, artisans, market women, etc. Each time, he was convinced that a market actually exists for his design. He also made contact with some manufacturers of cell-phone components. He entered
into an agreement with CKT Japan to import cell-phone accessories to enable him
assemble them in Nigeria. DAB phone is the first of its kind in the Nigerian market and
production and assembly commenced in a small room in his uncle‟s house at Ikare.
The first batch of phones manufactured by DAB Company was supplied to cell-phone
vendors in cities on „sale or return‟ basis. To encourage distributors to accept the
phones, a 15% margin was allowed. In addition, independent sales persons (hawkers)
were given between 10 -12% margin to sell the product. In spite of the low price of DAB
phones, demand was disappointing at the end of the first year. Nevertheless, Ade John is
still optimistic about the commercial viability of the phone if only he could develop an
effective strategy to market the DAB phones

Required:
a. Identify and explain TWO reasons for the slow growth of sales of DAB phones. (4 Marks)
b. With the aid of an S-shaped growth curve, evaluate market development of DAB phones. (6 Marks)
c. Recommend the strategies that Ade John can use to improve sales. (5 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Evaluates how specific corporate governance issues impact the effectiveness of a company's governance.

Explain briefly how the following key issues in corporate governance establish how well or badly a company is governed:

a. The role and responsibilities of the board of directors
b. The composition and balance of the board of directors
c. Financial reporting, narrative reporting, and auditing
d. Directors’ remuneration
e. Risk management and internal control

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q5 – Corporate Governance

Outlines key responsibilities and duties of the board in corporate governance, relevant for improving corporate structure and performance.

The owner of ABC Company learned from a conference and a professional magazine that weak corporate governance accounted for recent corporate failures in Nigeria. Many board members were found lacking a clear understanding of board responsibilities and duties.

Required:
The Managing Director will soon address the board and has requested a paper detailing the board’s responsibilities and duties.

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q4 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Analyzes strengths and weaknesses of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc pre- and post-2000 ownership changes, and suggests strategies for sustaining the company.

Toyin Trust Insurance Company is one of the duly registered insurance companies in Nigeria. Ten years after it started operations in 1990, the company had become a household name in the market. Its strengths included timely payment of claims and introduction of quality products that captured changing customers’ needs.

At inception, the company was 100% foreign-owned, with five of the seven directors being experienced expatriate insurance practitioners. However, by 2000, over 90% of the equity had been transferred to Nigerian investors. In 2009, following reorganization, many experienced senior managers resigned, and inexperienced staff took over key positions, leading to a decline in service quality and a 40% drop in premium collection.

Required:

a. Analyze the strengths of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc before 2000. (5 Marks)
b. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Toyin Trust Insurance Plc after 2000. (5 Marks)
c. Suggest essential strategies to sustain Toyin Trust Insurance Plc. (10 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q3 – Ethics in Business

Describes the nature of business and professional ethics, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, and criticisms of the theory.

Kalu, a competent consultant and accountant, works in Bosun and Company Limited. The company realized that almost all of its newly employed entry-level staff are deficient in business and professional ethics. Consequently, the Human Resources Manager recommended to the CEO that a training program on business and professional ethics should be organized. Kalu is nominated as a resource person to speak at the training program.

Required:
a. How should Kalu explain the nature and importance of business ethics and professional ethics? (6 Marks)
b. Advise Kalu on how he should analyze Kohlberg’s theory of moral development in an attempt to explain to the trainee participants how people generally develop a sense of morality both in personal and professional life. (10 Marks)
c. Discuss any TWO of the criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory. (4 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q2 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Develops a risk management program for theft, diversion, and safety issues; includes risk reduction and financing techniques.

Dolly Homes Plc is a real estate firm based in Abuja. The firm builds residential apartments and office blocks in five states of the federation. The objective of Dolly Homes Plc is to deliver high-quality, aesthetically designed, and professionally built homes/offices to its customers at competitive prices. It employs several skilled and casual workers, construction supervisors, construction engineers, architects, and quantity surveyors.

The company maintains a store at each of its building sites, each manned by a storekeeper and an assistant. Building materials are purchased centrally and delivered to sites per material schedules prepared by the quantity surveyor.

Patronage from middle and high-income brackets has been impressive; however, recently, the company has been receiving complaints about poor quality. The most alarming complaint involved a legal threat for injuries sustained when a kitchen cabinet collapsed in a client’s home.

Management’s investigation revealed theft of materials, diversion, and re-work waste due to poor finishing. There were also job site accidents, leading to employee injuries, lost hours, and increased medical claims.

Management decided to establish a risk management program to address theft, diversion, and health/safety issues.

Required:
a. As an Accountant, develop a risk management program to address Dolly Homes Plc’s problems. (8 Marks)
b. Advise management on techniques to reduce the frequency of risk exposures in the future. (6 Marks)
c. Suggest risk financing techniques to protect the company’s staff from injuries and accidents. (6 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1c – Corporate Governance

Discusses the difference between rules-based and principles-based professional ethics in accountancy.

What is the main difference between a rules-based and a principles-based code of professional ethics for accountants?

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1b – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Discusses various methods for managing and controlling risks in an organization, illustrating different risk management techniques.

There are different methods of managing and controlling risks. Explain and illustrate any THREE of the following approaches to risk management:
i. Risk Diversification
ii. Risk Transfer
iii. Risk Sharing
iv. Risk Hedging (15 Marks)

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CSME – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q1a – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Explains credit risk management concepts, including exposure, losses, residual risk, and appetite.

The finance director of Basket Company is preparing a proposal to present to the board of directors. He believes that the company is much too cautious in its policy of giving credit to customers. At the moment all customers are given 30 days’ credit. He believes that by increasing its exposure to credit risk, and increasing credit terms to 60 days, the company will achieve an increase in annual sales of up to 20%. He also thinks that some improvements in debt collection procedures will reduce the level of bad debts, although some bad debts cannot be avoided. He thinks that the value of sales where there is a default will fall each year from 2% of sales to 1.8% of sales. He proposes that in order to increase annual sales and profits, the company should be willing to increase its risk appetite and accept the risk of higher bad debts.

Required:

  1. Using this example of managing credit risk, explain and illustrate the meaning of:
    i. Exposure to risk
    ii. Risk of losses
    iii. Residual risk
    iv. Risk appetite

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PSAF – Nov 2015 – L2 – Q7 – Public Sector Reforms

Distinguish between basic infrastructure and development projects with examples and identify funding sources and characteristics.

In order to achieve some development objectives, nations place emphasis on priority programmes like the provision of basic infrastructure and development projects, all of which require appropriate funding.

Required:

a. By means of specific relevant examples, distinguish between “basic infrastructure” and “development projects”. (3 Marks)

b. Discuss TWO development objectives which the priority programmes you refer to in (a) above are planned to achieve. (4 Marks)

c. Identify TWO sources of funding for these priority projects stating TWO distinct characteristics of each source identified and TWO factors that facilitate the commercial viability of the projects. (8 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q5b – Statistics

Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient between company expenditure and income over eight years and interpret the result.

An auditing firm is carrying out an analytical review of the financial transactions of its client, XYZ Manufacturing Company Limited. In order to ascertain the relationship that exists between the company’s annual expenditure and annual income, the following information was extracted from the company’s record for eight different years:

Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Expenditure (x) 30 25 40 35 50 30 55 20
Income (y) 42 45 55 50 60 40 70 35

You are required to:

i. Calculate the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient between xx and yy. (9 Marks)

ii. Comment on the result in (i). (1 Mark)

(Total: 10 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q5a – Data Collection Analysis

Calculate the mean, median, and mode for the given distribution of student scores.

A group of 24 final year students participated in an Economic Theory Test and their scores were recorded as follows:

12, 14, 18, 7, 11, 15,
8, 15, 10, 14, 19, 9,
14, 6, 13, 14, 12, 16,
10, 9, 12, 15, 8, 17

Required:

Determine the:

  1. Mean,
  2. Median, and
  3. Mode of this distribution.

(Total: 10 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q4 – Statistics

Calculate probabilities related to defective items using a tree diagram for a production company with three lines.

A production company has three production lines L1L_1, L2L_2, and L3L_3.

The table below shows the percentage of items produced and percentage of defective items from each line:

Production Line Percentage Produced (%) Percentage Defective (%)
L1L_1 35 4
L2L_2 25 2
L3L_3 40 3

You are required to:

a. Draw the tree diagram for the production company. (7 Marks)

b. Use your tree diagram to obtain the probability that:

  1. The company produces defective items. (8 Marks)
  2. If there is a defective item from the company, it is either from L1L_1 or L3L_3. (5 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q3 – Data Collection Analysis

Calculate the semi-interquartile range and standard deviation for the income distribution of families.

The table below shows the hypothetical incomes of some families in a locality:

Income (N) Percent (%)
1000 – 1999 6.2
2000 – 2999 5.9
3000 – 3999 7.2
4000 – 4999 8.8
5000 – 5999 7.8
6000 – 6999 15.0
7000 – 7999 17.6
8000 – 8999 12.8
9000 – 9999 8.5
10,000 – 10,999 10.2

Required:

a. Determine the semi-interquartile range for the incomes of the families. (10 Marks)

b. Determine the standard deviation for the incomes of the families. (10 Marks)

(Total: 20 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2c – Mathematics of Business Finance

Find the level of output at which profit is maximized using given revenue and cost functions.

Given that the Total Revenue (TR) function is:

a

and the Total Cost (TC) function is:

Determine the level of output at which profit is maximized. (6 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2b – Operations Research

Determine the level of output that minimizes the average cost for a given total cost function.

MANDILAS Ventures has established its total cost function to be:

Determine the level of output that will give minimum average cost. (8 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q2a – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate price elasticity of demand using given demand function and interpret the result.

Given that the demand function of a business is

calculate the price elasticity of demand when x=5  and interpret your result.

(Total: 6 Marks)

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SB – Q1 – Mathematics of Business Finance

Calculate depreciation and salvage value of an asset using the reducing balance method.

A company buys an item having a useful life of 10 years for N1,000,000. If the company depreciates the item by the reducing balance method:

a. Determine the depreciation for the first year.
b. Estimate the depreciation for the second and third years.
c. What is the salvage value of the asset?

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q20 – Mathematics

This question identifies the condition at the stationary point of a function.

A stationary point for the function f(x)f(x) is a point at which:

A. f′(x)
B. f′(x)
C. f′(x)
D. f′′(x)
E. f′′(x) ≠

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QTB – Nov 2015 – L1 – SA – Q19 – Mathematics of Business Finance

This question asks which type of loan incurs a higher effective rate if paid off ahead of time.

The borrower who pays off a …………………… ahead of time pays a higher effective rate:

A. Discounted loan
B. Standing loan
C. Amortised loan
D. Ordinary loan
E. Bank loan

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