Series: MAY 2022

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  • 15 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q7 – The Nigerian Tax System

Discuss the aspects of the tax system in Nigeria, focusing on tax policy, key tax laws, and administrative bodies.

The tax system in Nigeria has been reviewed in recent times with a view to ensuring ease of doing business in Nigeria, among other things. With the enactments of Finance Acts 2019 and 2020, many enabling Acts were amended.

The tax system usually involves a tripartite aspect, namely, the tax policy, tax law, and tax administration.

Required:
a. Explain tax policy. (5 Marks)
b. State notable tax legislations. (5 Marks)
c. State the bodies charged with the administration of taxes in Nigeria. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q6 – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Identify the badges of trade and compute the minimum tax payable for a given year of assessment.

a. The difficulty in determining what constitutes a trade has led to many litigations and the huge number of tax cases that exist on the issue. The problem from the decided cases is that of finding an absolute test for identifying a trade.

The conclusion had always been that there are no fixed rules but that each case could be examined on its own facts.
Required:
State FOUR considerations that influence the identification of badges of trade. (8 Marks)

b. Ndakogi Nigeria Limited commenced business in 2007. The extract of the statement of profit or loss of the company for the year ended December 31, 2021, has revealed the following:

Required:
Compute the minimum tax payable

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  • 15 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q5 – Withholding Tax (WHT)

Discuss the contents of withholding tax returns, the time frame for compliance, and the merits and demerits of the withholding tax scheme.

Withholding tax is a tax deducted at source from proceeds made to a taxable person for the supply of goods and services. It is not another form of tax, but simply an advance payment of tax, as the withholding tax deducted at source is off-set against any subsequent tax liability that may be due in respect of the income.

Required:
a. State the contents of withholding tax returns/payment schedule. (5 Marks)
b. State the time frame for compliance with withholding tax returns. (5 Marks)
c. Explain the merits and demerits of the withholding tax scheme. (5 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q4 – Companies Income Tax (CIT)

Explain the recent changes in taxation introduced by the Finance Acts of 2019 and 2020, specifically related to insurance companies.

Bakosa Insurance Co. Plc. is a company engaged in both life and other insurance businesses. You were appointed as the tax consultant of the company on June 30, 2021. The Managing Director of the company invited you to a meeting of the directors with a view to intimating them of the recent changes introduced by the Finance Acts 2019 and 2020, relating to insurance business.

Required:
Explain the following to the management of the company:
a. Recent changes introduced by Finance Acts 2019 and 2020, that relate to the computation of tax liabilities of insurance companies. (16 Marks)
b. Additional documents/information to be filed by insurance companies. (4 Marks

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  • 20 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q3 – Tax Administration and Enforcement

Identify the taxes and levies collectible by the Federal, State, and Local Governments in Nigeria, in light of a recent court ruling.

The Federal Government of Nigeria expanded the taxes and levies which the tiers of government can impose through the Schedule to the Taxes and Levies (Approved List for Collection) Act (Amendment) Order, 2015. In this Order made by the Minister of Finance, several new tax/levy heads, such as infrastructure maintenance/development levy, wharf landing charge/fee, consumption tax, the National Information Technology Development levy, etc., were introduced.

However, on May 8, 2020, the Federal High Court sitting in Lagos, delivered judgment in suit number FHC/L/CS/1082/2019, between The Registered Trustees of Hotel Owners and Managers Association of Lagos (suing for itself and on behalf of all its members) vs The Attorney-General of the Federation and others. The court held that the Ministerial Order of 2015 is unconstitutional, null, and void.

The court submitted that the Constitution vests the legislature with the power to make laws. The court further stated that schedules to a law are part and parcel of the law and, as such, only the legislature can amend schedules to a law. The implication of this ruling is that all the taxes and levies that were added to those in the Taxes and Levies (Approved List for Collection) Act Cap. T2 LFN 2004, via the Ministerial Order 2015, are illegal and cannot be enforced.

Since the judgment, your firm has been faced with a series of inquiries from taxpayers on the taxes/levies they are now expected to pay.

Required:
a. State five (5) taxes collectible by the Federal Government.
b. State five (5) taxes/levies collectible by the State Governments.
c. State ten (10) taxes/levies collectible by the Local Governments.

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  • 20 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q2 – Personal Income Tax (PIT)

Compute the personal income tax assessable for each partner in a partnership, considering legal fees, capital allowances, and profit-sharing.

You attended an interview for employment as Assistant Manager (Tax) in a professional firm. The following were presented to you to proffer solutions:

Mariam, Ola, Jude and Co., a firm of quantity surveyors, makes up its accounts to December 31 of each year. The following details were extracted from the firm’s accounting books in respect of the year ended December 31, 2019:

Item Amount (N)
Net profit for the year 1,540,000
Legal expenses for successfully defending one of the partners for alleged professional misconduct 100,000
Depreciation 360,000
Profit on sale of property, plant and equipment 4,220
Balancing charge 10,400
Balancing allowance 6,900
Capital allowances for the year 300,000

Additional information:

  1. Profit sharing ratio agreed by the partners: Mariam 2, Ola 3, Jude 5
  2. Mariam, Ola, and Jude received N7,400 each per annum as interest on loan to the firm
  3. Salaries paid to each of the partners are:
    • Mariam: N240,000
    • Ola: N200,000
    • Jude: N220,000

Required:
Compute the personal income tax assessable for each partner for the relevant year of assessment.

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  • 30 Marks

TAX – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q1 – The Nigerian Tax System

Discuss the tax filing obligations and implications of non-compliance for a new company, covering both corporate tax and VAT.

Mr. Danko Chinyere, who has worked in a neighboring African country for many years, returned to Nigeria in August 2018. He incorporated a private limited liability company known as ChiDan Limited located in Lagos on October 30, 2018. The company deals in processing and packaging of plantain chips for local consumption.

The directors of the company opened a business bank account with one of the leading commercial banks in November 2018. The company commenced full operations on January 2, 2019.

Your firm, Adama & Co., was appointed as the tax consultant to ChiDan Limited in January 2021. At the first engagement meeting with the company, you discovered that the company was yet to register with the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). Relevant taxes, including value-added tax (VAT), were not remitted to FIRS.

An extract of the company’s first set of financial statements made up to December 31, 2020, is as follows:

Required:
Advise management of the company on the following:
a. Due date for submission of audited financial statements to the tax office. (2 Marks)
b. Requirements for filing of VAT returns and remittance of VAT liabilities – Section 16 of VAT Act (as amended). (4 Marks)
c. Basis of assessment on commencement of business – Section 29 (3) of CITA
(as amended) (6 Marks)
d. The income tax liabilities payable for the relevant year of assessment
(18 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Business Ethics and Corporate Governance

Explain personal, business, and professional ethics, and describe Kohlberg’s stages of moral development.

a. All accountants are expected to act ethically in the discharge of their respective duties. In light of this, evaluate the following concepts as they apply to professional accountancy practice:

  • i. Personal Ethics (1 Mark)
  • ii. Business Ethics (1 Mark)
  • iii. Professional Ethics (1 Mark)

b. With the aid of a clear example, explain the term “ethical/moral dilemma.” (2 Marks)

c. Explain Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. (10 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q6 – Corporate Governance

Discuss the purpose of board remuneration, the role of the remuneration committee, and the challenges of linking board pay to company performance.

At the Annual General Meeting of TAIMAKO Nigeria Limited, shareholders expressed displeasure about what they considered to be excessively high remuneration paid to members of the company’s board of directors. Some shareholders believed that board remuneration should be tied to the company’s financial performance. Consequently, a group of shareholders has asked you to advise them on the position of the Code of Corporate Governance on remuneration of directors.

Required:

a. The purpose and structure of the remuneration package for board members. (5 Marks)

b. The role of the remuneration committee. (5 Marks)

c. The problems of linking board members’ rewards with the company’s performance. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

CSME – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q5 – Risk Management and Corporate Strategy

Advise on investment strategies to minimize risks and explain factors determining risk appetite.

a. A friend of yours who recently lost his job came to you for advice on how to invest his life savings in a way that will minimize the risk of loss of capital.

  • i. Advise him on how risk of losses could be minimized using the following:
    1. Risk Diversification (1 Mark)
    2. Risk Transfer (1 Mark)
    3. Risk Sharing (1 Mark)
    4. Risk Hedging (1 Mark)
    5. Risk Avoidance (1 Mark)
  • ii. Explain to your friend when risk diversification is the best option for him. (4 Marks)

b. What is risk appetite? Explain THREE factors that determine the risk appetite of a company. (6 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q7 – Audit Documentation

Discuss factors for assessing materiality and principles for evaluating the impact of misstatements.

Materiality is a fundamental concept in both auditing and accounting. It reflects the fact that users of financial statements find it useful even if they are not 100% accurate.

a. What are the factors that an auditor will consider when assessing whether or not an item is material? (5 Marks)
b. State the principles an auditor will apply in the concept of materiality:
i. When planning and performing the audit. (5 Marks)
ii. When evaluating the effect of misstatements on the financial statements. (5 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q6 – Auditor’s Liability

Discuss three types of threats auditors face and the safeguards to mitigate those threats.

In the course of carrying out their assignments, the auditors are usually faced with threats created by a broad range of circumstances.

a. Explain THREE types of threats usually faced by auditors. (6 Marks)
b. Explain the circumstances that may give rise to the threats in (a) above. (6 Marks)
c. Highlight THREE major categories of safeguards which may mitigate or reduce threats to auditors. (3 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SC – Q5 – Audit of Public Sector Entities

Advise on physical inventory count procedures, records to retain, and how to value inventory items.

Garkuwa Nigeria Limited is a newly incorporated company that deals in building materials. The Managing Director is engaged on a full-time basis in the running of the business. Other employees are: the accounts officer who keeps the books, the cashier, and two laborers. The company does not maintain inventory records, and inventory is a material item in the financial statements. The Managing Director wants you to advise him on inventory count procedures with a view to ensuring that the methods used at arriving at the inventory value will be satisfactory. The first financial statements of the company are to be made up for the 12 months to December 31, 2021.

a. Advise the Managing Director on how he should organize and carry out the physical inventory count. (9 Marks)
b. State the records and information he should retain in connection with the count. (3 Marks)
c. How should he arrive at the individual values for the various inventory items? (3 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q4 – Emerging Trends in Auditing

Discuss five emerging technologies that could affect the auditing process and explain their potential impact on the statutory auditor.

Emerging technologies have the potential to affect or disrupt the auditing process.

a. State five emerging technologies that have the potential to affect or disrupt the auditing process. (5 Marks)
b. Explain how these emerging technologies could affect the work of the statutory auditor. (15 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q3 – Planning an Audit

Discuss the benefits of audit planning, importance of maintaining audit quality, and procedures auditors should establish to ensure audit quality.

The objective of the auditor, according to ISA 300 – Planning an audit of financial statements, is to plan and perform an audit in an effective manner.

a. Explain the benefits of audit planning. (5 Marks)
b. Why is it important that audit firms should maintain the quality of their work? (5 Marks)
c. Explain the procedures a firm of auditors should establish internally to maintain the quality of its work. (10 Marks)

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  • 20 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q2 – Professional Ethics and Code of Conduct for Auditors

Discuss the fundamental principles of ICAN Code of Conduct for auditors and under what circumstances auditors may disclose information to third parties.

There are five fundamental principles of ICAN code of conduct for members which auditors must comply with while carrying out their duties as auditors.

a. Explain the requirements for the application of ethics by ICAN members. (5 Marks)
b. Explain the fundamental principles of ICAN code of ethics. (10 Marks)
c. Under what circumstances may an auditor be required to disclose information to a third party? (5 Marks)

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  • 30 Marks

AA – May 2022 – L2 – SA – Q1 – Auditing in a Computerized Environment

Discuss computer audit packages, CAATs, and threats to IT systems in a computerized auditing environment.

Quality Plastic Manufacturing Company Limited has been operating for about a decade. The company is into the production of plastic chairs, bowls, tables, and other related products. It was awarded a contract to produce chairs for a Pentecostal church that has branches across 36 states of the country, including Abuja. The church has its convention ground that occupies large hectares of land along Lagos-Abeokuta expressway. The number of chairs, which are in millions, would be produced and delivered to the headquarters of the church from where they would be distributed to all the branches and the convention ground.

Given the fact that this contract would increase the fortune of the company, Ogbuefi Okafor, the Chairman of the company, saw the need for the company to grow bigger in the future and would require more funding to finance the expansion. He discussed this with his bank manager who advised him to approach a consultant that would prepare a feasibility study for him on the expansion.

Though he agreed with the bank manager, he however now feels that there is a need to convert the accounting system of the company from manual to computer-based as a result of the level of expansion envisaged. As a first step before conversion to a computer-based system, the company set up an internal control system, including an internal audit department. The internal audit department is headed by a partly qualified accountant who has passed the skills level of ICAN Professional Examinations but has a very wide experience in internal audit. Your firm has been the auditors of the company for the past five years.

a. Explain the computer audit packages that can be used in the audit documentation process and the advantages of these audit packages.
b. State the commonly used computer-assisted audit techniques (CAATs) and explain why they are essential in the audit process of a computer-based accounting system.
c. Explain ten threats to Information Technology (IT) systems, which the auditor should be aware of.

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  • 15 Marks

FR – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q7 – Consolidated Financial Statements (IFRS 10)

Evaluate the acquisition of Warri Health PLC by computing financial ratios and drafting a technical report to the Chief Accountant of Owerri PLC.

The Board of Directors of Owerri PLC is planning to acquire a controlling interest in Warri Health PLC, a vaccine-producing company, to expand the profitability of the group. Both companies are quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The Chief Accountant of Owerri PLC has been given the industrial average and the financial statements of Owerri PLC and Warri Health PLC for the year ended December 31, 2020. This was done to enable the Chief Accountant compute the relevant ratios and evaluate the inherent potentials of the acquisition.

The following comparative ratios of Warri Health PLC and Owerri PLC with the industrial average are provided:

You are required to:
a. Compute the cost of sales ratio and earnings yield (EY) for both companies for the year ended December 31, 2020. (2 Marks)

b. Draft a technical report to the Chief Accountant of Owerri PLC, evaluating and advising on the desirability of acquiring a controlling interest in Warri Health PLC. (13 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FR – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q6 – Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting

Discuss the qualitative characteristics that make financial information useful and explain the capital maintenance concepts under the IASB framework.

a. The IASB Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting gives much detail about the qualitative characteristics of financial information that make it useful.

Required:
Discuss the qualitative characteristics that make information useful to users of financial statements. (10 Marks)

b. The Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRCN) is a Federal Government parastatal under the supervision of the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade, and Investment.

Required:
Identify FOUR main objectives of FRCN as defined in the Act establishing the Institution. (2 Marks)

c. The IASB Conceptual Framework states that there are two concepts of capital maintenance.

Required:
Explain the term financial capital maintenance and physical capital maintenance concepts. (3 Marks)

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  • 15 Marks

FR – May 2022 – L2 – SB – Q5 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15)

Compare contract liabilities and assets, stand-alone selling price vs. transaction price, and assess contract modification criteria.

IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers defines a contract as an agreement between two or more parties that creates enforceable rights and obligations.

Required:
a. Compare with an example, where necessary:
i. Contract liabilities versus contract assets (2½ Marks)
ii. Stand-alone selling price versus transaction price (2½ Marks)

b. Under IFRS 15, highlight SIX criteria to assess a contract. (6 Marks)

c. Explain what is meant by contract modification and state TWO ways in which it can be accounted for. (4 Marks)

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